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Zhang T, Chen W, Chen X. Identifying epileptic EEGs and congestive heart failure ECGs under unified framework of wavelet scattering transform, bidirectional weighted (2D)2PCA and KELM. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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2
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Singh J, Ebersole JS, Brinkmann BH. From theory to practical fundamentals of electroencephalographic source imaging in localizing the epileptogenic zone. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2476-2490. [PMID: 35811476 PMCID: PMC9796417 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With continued advancement in computational technologies, the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) has shifted from pure visual analysis to a noninvasive computational technique called EEG source imaging (ESI), which involves mathematical modeling of dipolar and distributed sources of a given scalp EEG pattern. ESI is a noninvasive phase I test for presurgical localization of the seizure onset zone in focal epilepsy. It is a relatively inexpensive modality, as it leverages scalp EEG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data already collected typically during presurgical evaluation. With an adequate number of electrodes and combined with patient-specific MRI-based head models, ESI has proven to be a valuable and accurate clinical diagnostic tool for localizing the epileptogenic zone. Despite its advantages, however, ESI is routinely used at only a minority of epilepsy centers. This paper reviews the current evidence and practical fundamentals for using ESI of interictal and ictal epileptic activity during the presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant patients. We identify common errors in processing and interpreting ESI studies, describe the differences in approach needed for localizing interictal and ictal EEG discharges through practical examples, and describe best practices for optimizing the diagnostic information available from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaysingh Singh
- Department of NeurologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - John S. Ebersole
- Northeast Regional Epilepsy GroupAtlantic Health Neuroscience InstituteSummitNew JerseyUSA
| | - Benjamin H. Brinkmann
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Nijman M, Yang E, Jaimes C, Prohl AK, Sahin M, Krueger DA, Wu JY, Northrup H, Stone SS, Madsen JR, Fallah A, Blount JP, Weiner HL, Grayson L, Bebin EM, Porter BE, Warfield SK, Prabhu SP, Peters JM. Limited utility of structural MRI to identify the epileptogenic zone in young children with tuberous sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:991-1000. [PMID: 35729081 PMCID: PMC11267633 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The success of epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) hinges on identification of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). We studied structural MRI markers of epileptogenic lesions in young children with TSC. METHODS We included 26 children with TSC who underwent epilepsy surgery before the age of 3 years at five sites, with 12 months or more follow-up. Two neuroradiologists, blinded to surgical outcome data, reviewed 10 candidate lesions on preoperative MRI for characteristics of the tuber (large affected area, calcification, cyst-like properties) and of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) features (cortical malformation, gray-white matter junction blurring, transmantle sign). They selected lesions suspect for the EZ based on structural MRI, and reselected after unblinding to seizure onset location on electroencephalography (EEG). RESULTS None of the tuber characteristics and FCD features were distinctive for the EZ, indicated by resected lesions in seizure-free children. With structural MRI alone, the EZ was identified out of 10 lesions in 31%, and with addition of EEG data, this increased to 48%. However, rates of identification of resected lesions in non-seizure-free children were similar. Across 251 lesions, interrater agreement was moderate for large size (κ = .60), and fair (κ = .24) for all other features. CONCLUSIONS In young children with TSC, the utility of structural MRI features is limited in the identification of the epileptogenic tuber, but improves when combined with EEG data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Nijman
- Localization Laboratory, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camilo Jaimes
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna K. Prohl
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darcy A. Krueger
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joyce Y. Wu
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children’s Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scellig S.D. Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph R. Madsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aria Fallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles Mattel Children’s Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Blount
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children’s of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Howard L. Weiner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leslie Grayson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - E. Martina Bebin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Brenda E. Porter
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Simon K. Warfield
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjay P. Prabhu
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jurriaan M. Peters
- Localization Laboratory, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Computational Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Kassiri J, Elliott C, Liu N, Mailo J, Rajapakse T, Schmitt L, Wheatley M, Sinclair DB. Neuroimaging in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy: Does neuroimaging accurately predict pathology and surgical outcome? Epilepsy Res 2021; 175:106680. [PMID: 34102391 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in children is considered different from that in adults. As such, characterizing the structural lesions present in pediatric patients with TLE and their association with long-term seizure control is important. Here, we aimed to assess the concordance between preoperative imaging and postoperative histopathological diagnoses and their associations with seizure outcomes in pediatric patients with TLE undergoing temporal lobe surgery. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of pediatric patients with TLE who underwent surgical treatment between 1988 and 2020 as a part of the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at the University of Alberta. Demographic, age at seizure onset, age at surgery, preoperative electroencephalography (EEG), long-term video EEG, imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography), neuropathology, and long-term seizure outcome data were acquired and analyzed. One hundred and seventeen patients underwent surgery for refractory TLE; the preoperative MRI diagnosis was concordant with the histopathological diagnosis in 76 % of cases. Tumors were identified with high accuracy (91 %). Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) was strongly associated with an excellent outcome after surgery (94 %). Patients with normal imaging results or non-specific pathologies were more likely to experience poor seizure outcomes after surgery (50 %). The radiological identification of lesions was associated with good long-term seizure outcomes, whereas normal MRI results were associated with significantly poorer long-term seizure outcomes. An accurate preoperative MRI is essential to epilepsy surgery since it impacts all stages of management; these results will thereafter help inform practitioners' efforts to predict seizure outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Kassiri
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Cameron Elliott
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natarie Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janette Mailo
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thilinie Rajapakse
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Schmitt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Wheatley
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Barry Sinclair
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kaewchur T, Chamroonrat W, Thientunyakit T, Khiewvan B, Wongsurawat N, Chotipanich C, Chinvarun Y, Bunyaratavej K, Amnuaywattakorn S, Poon-Iad N, Sontrapornpol T, Pasawang P, Tepmongkol S. Thai National Guideline for Nuclear Medicine Investigations in Epilepsy. ASIA OCEANIA JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 9:188-206. [PMID: 34250150 PMCID: PMC8255518 DOI: 10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54567.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain, which is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. These patients are generally treated with antiepileptic drugs. However, more than 30% of the patients become medically intractable and undergo a series of investigations to define candidates for epilepsy surgery. Nuclear Medicine studies using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals are among the investigations used for this purpose. Since available guidelines for the investigation of surgical candidates are not up-to-date, The Nuclear Medicine Society of Thailand, The Neurological Society of Thailand, The Royal College of Neurological Surgeons of Thailand, and The Thai Medical Physicist Society has collaborated to develop this Thai national guideline for Nuclear Medicine study in epilepsy. The guideline focuses on the use of brain perfusion SPECT and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET), the mainly used methods in day-to-day practice. This guideline aims for effective use of Nuclear Medicine investigations by referring physicians e.g. epileptologists and neurologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, medical physicists, nuclear medicine technologists and technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawika Kaewchur
- Department of Radiology, PET/CT and Cyclotron Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichana Chamroonrat
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanyaluck Thientunyakit
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjapa Khiewvan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Wongsurawat
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Yotin Chinvarun
- Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sasithorn Amnuaywattakorn
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nucharee Poon-Iad
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Sontrapornpol
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panya Pasawang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supatporn Tepmongkol
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shorvon S, Diehl B, Duncan J, Koepp M, Rugg-Gunn F, Sander J, Walker M, Wehner T. Epilepsy and Related Disorders. Neurology 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118486160.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Wehner
- National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery
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Perfusion SPECT, SISCOM and PET 18F-FDG in the assessment of drug-refractory epilepsy patients candidates for epilepsy surgery. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Suárez-Piñera M, Mestre-Fusco A, Ley M, González S, Medrano S, Principe A, Mojal S, Conesa G, Rocamora R. Perfusion SPECT, SISCOM and PET (18)F-FDG in the assessment of drug- refractory epilepsy patients candidates for epilepsy surgery. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015; 34:350-7. [PMID: 26118354 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain perfusion SPECT (ictal-interictal), SPECT images and subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) and (18)F-FDG-PET (interictal), play an important role in the pre-surgical diagnosis of patients with medically refractory epilepsy. This study aimed to establish: the reproducibility of visual ictal-interictal SPECT and SISCOM analysis altogether with the capacity of SPECT, SISCOM and PET to determine the epileptogenic zone. MATERIAL AND METHODS (99m)Tc-HMPAO SPECT ictal-interictal and SISCOM (Analyze 7.0) were performed on 47 refractory epilepsy patients (24 F, 19-60 yrs). In 13 patients, SISCOM was also performed using a new program (Focus DET). Ictal-interictal SPECT and SISCOM images were analysed independently by two nuclear medicine physicians (observer 1 and 2). Kappa concordance coefficient was used to evaluate the reproducibility. In sixteen patients, SPECT, SISCOM and PET findings were compared with the resected area during the surgery, and surgical outcome using Engel scale or with the stereo EEG-(SEEG). RESULTS The ictal-interictal SPECT interobserver agreement was 91%, Kappa index 0.86, SISCOM (Analyze 7.0) interobserver agreement percentage was 82%, Kappa index 0.80, Analyze 7.0 showed a higher inconclusive results than visual SPECT analysis. SISCOM FocusDET interobserver agreement was 92%, Kappa index 0.87, with lower inconclusive results than Analyze 7.0. SPECT, SISCOM and PET combined findings identified 87% seizure onset zone: 79% temporal, 26% parieto-temporal and 7% frontal. CONCLUSIONS Ictal-interictal SPECT and SISCOM showed a high reproducibility in this sample of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. SPECT,SISCOM and PET combined findings improved detection of epileptogenic zone in comparison with the individual assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suárez-Piñera
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Mestre-Fusco
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - M Ley
- Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - S González
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - S Medrano
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - A Principe
- Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - S Mojal
- Departamento de Estadística en Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - G Conesa
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
| | - R Rocamora
- Unidad de Epilepsia, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España
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Classifying epileptic EEG signals with delay permutation entropy and Multi-Scale K-means. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 823:143-57. [PMID: 25381106 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10984-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Most epileptic EEG classification algorithms are supervised and require large training datasets, that hinder their use in real time applications. This chapter proposes an unsupervised Multi-Scale K-means (MSK-means) MSK-means algorithm to distinguish epileptic EEG signals and identify epileptic zones. The random initialization of the K-means algorithm can lead to wrong clusters. Based on the characteristics of EEGs, the MSK-means MSK-means algorithm initializes the coarse-scale centroid of a cluster with a suitable scale factor. In this chapter, the MSK-means algorithm is proved theoretically superior to the K-means algorithm on efficiency. In addition, three classifiers: the K-means, MSK-means MSK-means and support vector machine (SVM), are used to identify seizure and localize epileptogenic zone using delay permutation entropy features. The experimental results demonstrate that identifying seizure with the MSK-means algorithm and delay permutation entropy achieves 4. 7 % higher accuracy than that of K-means, and 0. 7 % higher accuracy than that of the SVM.
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10
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Guo X, Xu S, Wang G, Zhang Y, Guo L, Zhao B. Asymmetry of cerebral blood flow measured with three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling mr imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy with and without mesial temporal sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1386-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Guo
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute; Shandong University; Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Shangchen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Shandong Provincial Hospital; Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute; Shandong University; Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute; Shandong University; Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Guo
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute; Shandong University; Jinan People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute; Shandong University; Jinan People's Republic of China
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Capraz IY, Kurt G, Akdemir Ö, Hirfanoglu T, Oner Y, Sengezer T, Kapucu LOA, Serdaroglu A, Bilir E. Surgical outcome in patients with MRI-negative, PET-positive temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure 2015; 29:63-8. [PMID: 26076845 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term surgical outcomes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)-positive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and compare them with those of patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). METHODS One hundred forty-one patients with TLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy were included in the study. The surgical outcomes of 24 patients with unilateral temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET without an epileptogenic lesion on MRI were compared with that of patients with unilateral temporal hypometabolism on FDG-PET with MTS on MRI (n=117). The outcomes were compared using Engel's classification at 2 years after surgery. Clinical characteristics, unilateral interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), histopathological data and operation side were considered as probable prognostic factors. RESULTS Class I surgical outcomes were similar in MRI-negative patients and the patients with MTS on MRI (seizure-free rate at postoperative 2 years was 79.2% and 82% in the MRI-negative and MTS groups, respectively). In univariate analysis, history of febrile convulsions, presence of unilateral IEDs and left temporal localization were found to be significantly associated with seizure free outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of a good outcome were history of febrile convulsions and presence of unilateral IEDs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that epilepsy surgery outcomes of MRI-negative, PET positive patients are similar to those of patients with MTS. This finding may aid in the selection of best candidates for epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan Kurt
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Akdemir
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Hirfanoglu
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Oner
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tugba Sengezer
- Guven Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ayse Serdaroglu
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Bilir
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey
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Role of concordance between ictal-subtracted SPECT and PET in predicting long-term outcomes after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:1782-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Pouliot P, Tran TPY, Birca V, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Lassonde M, Nguyen DK. Hemodynamic changes during posterior epilepsies: an EEG-fNIRS study. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:883-90. [PMID: 24755234 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Posterior epilepsies are mainly characterized clinically by visual symptoms. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging non-invasive imaging technique that has the potential to monitor hemodynamic changes during epileptic activity. Combined with electroencephalography (EEG), 9 patients with posterior epilepsies were recorded using EEG-fNIRS with large sampling (19 EEG electrodes and over 100 fNIRS channels). Spikes and seizures were carefully marked on EEG traces, and convolved with a standard hemodynamic response function for general linear model (GLM) analysis. GLM results for seizures (in 3 patients) and spikes (7 patients) were broadly sensitive to the epileptic focus in 7/9 patients, and specific in 5/9 patients with fNIRS deoxyhemoglobin responses lateralized to the correct lobe, and to plausible locations within the occipital or parietal lobes. This work provides evidence that EEG-fNIRS is a sensitive technique for monitoring posterior epileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pouliot
- Département de génie électrique, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3A7; Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Centre de recherche, 5000 Rue Bélanger Est, Montréal, QC, Canada H1T1C8.
| | - Thi Phuoc Yen Tran
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, 1560 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, Canada H3L4M1
| | - Véronica Birca
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, 1560 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, Canada H3L4M1
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T1C5
| | - Julie Tremblay
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T1C5
| | - Maryse Lassonde
- Centre de recherche, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T1C5; Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition, Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Service de neurologie, Hôpital Notre-Dame du CHUM, 1560 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, Canada H3L4M1
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Unnwongse K, Alexopoulos AV, Busch RM, Wehner T, Nair D, Bingaman WE, Najm IM. Nonlesional atypical mesial temporal epilepsy: electroclinical and intracranial EEG findings. Neurology 2013; 81:1848-55. [PMID: 24174582 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000436061.05266.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Misleading manifestations of common epilepsy syndromes might account for some epilepsy surgery failures, thus we sought to characterize patients with difficult to diagnose (atypical) mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our surgical database over 12 years to identify patients who underwent a standard anterior temporal lobectomy after undergoing intracranial EEG (ICEEG) evaluation with a combination of depth and subdural electrodes. We carefully studied electroclinical manifestations, neuroimaging data, neuropsychological findings, and indications for ICEEG. RESULTS Of 835 patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, 55 were investigated with ICEEG. Ten of these had atypical mTLE features and were not considered to have mTLE preoperatively. All of them had Engel class I outcome for 3 to 7 years (median 3.85). Five reported uncommon auras, and 3 had no auras. Scalp-EEG and nuclear imaging studies failed to provide adequate localization. None had MRI evidence of hippocampal sclerosis. However, ICEEG demonstrated exclusive mesial temporal seizure onset in all patients. Clues suggesting the possibility of mTLE were typical auras when present, anterior temporal epileptiform discharges or ictal patterns, small hippocampi, asymmetrical or ipsilateral temporal hypometabolism on PET, anterior temporal hyperperfusion on ictal SPECT, and asymmetry of memory scores. Histopathology revealed hippocampal sclerosis in 6 patients and gliosis in 2. CONCLUSIONS Atypical electroclinical presentation may be deceptive in some patients with mTLE. We emphasize the importance of searching for typical mTLE features to guide ICEEG study of mesial temporal structures in such patients, who may otherwise mistakenly undergo extramesial temporal resections or be denied surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Unnwongse
- From the Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Center (K.U., A.V.A., R.M.B., T.W., D.N., W.E.B., I.M.N.), Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH; Department of Neurology (K.U.), Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok, Thailand; and Institute of Neurology (T.W.), University College London, UK
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Desai A, Bekelis K, Thadani VM, Roberts DW, Jobst BC, Duhaime AC, Gilbert K, Darcey TM, Studholme C, Siegel A. Interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT: sensitivity in the detection of seizure foci in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 2012; 54:341-50. [PMID: 23030361 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interictal positron emission tomography (PET) and ictal subtraction single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain have been shown to be valuable tests in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy. To determine the relative utility of these methods in the localization of seizure foci, we compared interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT to subdural and depth electrode recordings in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. METHODS Between 2003 and 2009, clinical information on all patients at our institution undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was charted in a prospectively recorded database. Patients who underwent preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT were selected from this database. Patient characteristics and the findings on preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT were analyzed. Sensitivity of detection of seizure foci for each modality, as compared to intracranial EEG monitoring, was calculated. KEY FINDINGS Fifty-three patients underwent intracranial EEG monitoring with preoperative interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT scans. The average patient age was 32.7 years (median 32 years, range 1-60 years). Twenty-seven patients had findings of reduced metabolism on interictal PET scan, whereas all 53 patients studied demonstrated a region of relative hyperperfusion on ictal subtraction SPECT suggestive of an epileptogenic zone. Intracranial EEG monitoring identified a single seizure focus in 45 patients, with 39 eventually undergoing resective surgery. Of the 45 patients in whom a seizure focus was localized, PET scan identified the same region in 25 cases (56% sensitivity) and SPECT in 39 cases (87% sensitivity). Intracranial EEG was concordant with at least one study in 41 cases (91%) and both studies in 23 cases (51%). In 16 (80%) of 20 cases where PET did not correlate with intracranial EEG, the SPECT study was concordant. Conversely, PET and intracranial EEG were concordant in two (33%) of the six cases where the SPECT did not demonstrate the seizure focus outlined by intracranial EEG. Thirty-three patients had surgical resection and >2 years of follow-up, and 21 of these (64%) had Engel class 1 outcome. No significant effect of imaging concordance on seizure outcome was seen. SIGNIFICANCE Interictal PET and ictal subtraction SPECT studies can provide important information in the preoperative evaluation of medically intractable epilepsy. Of the two studies, ictal subtraction SPECT appears to be the more sensitive. When both studies are used together, however, they can provide complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atman Desai
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA.
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16
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Vachhrajani S, de Ribaupierre S, Otsubo H, Ochi A, Weiss SK, Donner EJ, Widjaja E, Kerr E, Smith ML, Drake J, Snead C, Rutka JT. Neurosurgical management of frontal lobe epilepsy in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2012; 10:206-16. [PMID: 22838737 DOI: 10.3171/2012.6.peds11125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Pediatric frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) remains a challenging condition for neurosurgeons and epileptologists to manage. Postoperative seizure outcomes remain far inferior to those observed in temporal lobe epilepsies, possibly due to inherent difficulties in delineating and subsequently completely resecting responsible epileptogenic regions. In this study, the authors review their institutional experience with the surgical management of FLE and attempt to find predictors that may help to improve seizure outcome in this population. METHODS All surgically treated cases of intractable FLE from 1990 to 2008 were reviewed. Demographic information, preoperative and intraoperative imaging and electrophysiological investigations, and follow-up seizure outcome were assessed. Inferential statistics were performed to look for potential predictors of seizure outcome. RESULTS Forty patients (20 male, 20 female) underwent surgical management of FLE during the study period. Patients were an average of 5.6 years old at the time of FLE onset and 11.7 years at the time of surgery; patients were followed for a mean of 40.25 months. Most patients displayed typical FLE semiology. Twenty-eight patients had discrete lesions identified on MRI. Eight patients underwent 2 operations. Cortical dysplasia was the most common pathological diagnosis. Engel Class I outcome was obtained in 25 patients (62.5%), while Engel Class II outcome was observed in 5 patients (12.5%). No statistically significant predictors of outcome were found. CONCLUSIONS Control of FLE remains a challenging problem. Favorable seizure outcome, obtained in 62% of patients in this series, is still not as easily obtained in FLE as it is in temporal lobe epilepsy. While no statistically significant predictors of seizure outcome were revealed in this study, patients with FLE continue to require extensive workup and investigation to arrive at a logical and comprehensive neurosurgical treatment plan. Future studies with improved neuroimaging and advanced invasive monitoring strategies may well help define factors for success in this form of epilepsy that is difficult to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhan Vachhrajani
- Divisions of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, The University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Brodbeck V, Spinelli L, Lascano AM, Wissmeier M, Vargas MI, Vulliemoz S, Pollo C, Schaller K, Michel CM, Seeck M. Electroencephalographic source imaging: a prospective study of 152 operated epileptic patients. Brain 2011; 134:2887-97. [PMID: 21975586 PMCID: PMC3187544 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography is mandatory to determine the epilepsy syndrome. However, for the precise localization of the irritative zone in patients with focal epilepsy, costly and sometimes cumbersome imaging techniques are used. Recent small studies using electric source imaging suggest that electroencephalography itself could be used to localize the focus. However, a large prospective validation study is missing. This study presents a cohort of 152 operated patients where electric source imaging was applied as part of the pre-surgical work-up allowing a comparison with the results from other methods. Patients (n = 152) with >1 year postoperative follow-up were studied prospectively. The sensitivity and specificity of each imaging method was defined by comparing the localization of the source maximum with the resected zone and surgical outcome. Electric source imaging had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 88% if the electroencephalogram was recorded with a large number of electrodes (128–256 channels) and the individual magnetic resonance image was used as head model. These values compared favourably with those of structural magnetic resonance imaging (76% sensitivity, 53% specificity), positron emission tomography (69% sensitivity, 44% specificity) and ictal/interictal single-photon emission-computed tomography (58% sensitivity, 47% specificity). The sensitivity and specificity of electric source imaging decreased to 57% and 59%, respectively, with low number of electrodes (<32 channels) and a template head model. This study demonstrated the validity and clinical utility of electric source imaging in a large prospective study. Given the low cost and high flexibility of electroencephalographic systems even with high channel counts, we conclude that electric source imaging is a highly valuable tool in pre-surgical epilepsy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Brodbeck
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Uematsu M, Haginoya K, Togashi N, Hino-Fukuyo N, Nakayama T, Kikuchi A, Abe Y, Wakusawa K, Matsumoto Y, Kakisaka Y, Kobayashi T, Hirose M, Yokoyama H, Iinuma K, Iwasaki M, Nakasato N, Kaneta T, Akasaka M, Kamei A, Tsuchiya S. Unique discrepancy between cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in hemimegalencephaly. Epilepsy Res 2010; 92:201-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Neuropsychiatry is the subspecialty of psychiatry that deals with disorders at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex and incompletely understood. Neuroscience research is beginning to elucidate the biological underpinnings of many of these disorders. These advances have the potential to improve diagnosis, inform treatment selection, and facilitate development of new and better interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Taber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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21
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Ryvlin P, Rheims S. Epilepsy surgery: eligibility criteria and presurgical evaluation. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2008. [PMID: 18472487 PMCID: PMC3181859 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2008.10.1/pryvlin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy surgery has benefited from major advances during the last 20 years, thanks to the development of neuroimaging and long-term video-electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. However, it remains the case that only a small minority of potential epilepsy surgery candidates will have access to a comprehensive presurgical evaluation. Furthermore, this subset of patients are operated on after an average of 20 to 25 years of epilepsy duration. Among the various reasons that prevent many patients from benefiting from a timely presurgical evaluation, we need to emphasize the role of inaccurate information regarding eligibility criteria and lack of standardized practice. This review aims at providing an indepth discussion of the current views regarding the definition of surgical candidates, and the role of the numerous investigations used in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The eligibility criteria required to enter a presurgical evaluation in 2008 should be relatively liberal, provided that the patient suffers from disabling seizures unrelated to an idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome, despite appropriate antiepileptic drug treatment However, the decision as to whether or not to perform a presurgical evaluation must be individualized, and take into account the likelihood of meeting the patient's expectations in terms of outcome. These expectations need to be balanced with the apparent severity of the epileptic condition, the chance of achieving a successful surgical treatment, and the risk of a postoperative neurological, cognitive, or psychiatric deterioration. The roles and specific features of the main types of presurgical investigations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ryvlin
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Neurological Hospital, CTRS-INSERM IDEE (Institut Des Epilepsies de l'Enfant et de l'adolescent), Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U821, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Pastor J, Domínguez-Gadea L, Sola RG, Hernando V, Meilán ML, De Dios E, Martínez-Chacón JL, Martínez M. First true initial ictal SPECT in partial epilepsy verified by electroencephalography. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2008; 4:305-9. [PMID: 18728803 PMCID: PMC2515897 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy can sometimes be treated by surgery. In these cases, an accurate identification of the epileptogenic area must be addressed before resection. Ictal SPECT is one of the presurgical evaluations that can be performed, but usually, the increase in the regional cerebral perfusion observed is produced by diffusion of ictal activity. Here we describe a patient studied with v-EEG and foramen ovale electrodes that suffered a seizure after intravenous infusion of etomidate. The sequence of etomidate administration, followed by radiotracer and seizure was good enough for us to suspect that a true initial ictal SPECT was observed. We have implemented a kinetic model with four compartments, previously described (Andersen 1989), in order to estimate the fraction of hydrophilic radiotracer in the brain during the pre-ictal and ictal periods. This model has shown that the fraction of hydrophilic radiotracer during the seizure into the brain would be between 18.9% and 42.3% of total infused. We show the first true initial ictal SPECT demonstrated by bioelectrical recordings of the brain activity, obtained by a correct succession of events and compatible with theoretical data obtained from the kinetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pastor
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario "La Princesa" Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Zaknun JJ, Bal C, Maes A, Tepmongkol S, Vazquez S, Dupont P, Dondi M. Comparative analysis of MR imaging, Ictal SPECT and EEG in temporal lobe epilepsy: a prospective IAEA multi-center study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 35:107-15. [PMID: 17899076 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging, ictal single-photon emission CT (SPECT) and ictal EEG play important roles in the presurgical localization of epileptic foci. This multi-center study was established to investigate whether the complementary role of perfusion SPECT, MRI and EEG for presurgical localization of temporal lobe epilepsy could be confirmed in a prospective setting involving centers from India, Thailand, Italy and Argentina. METHODS We studied 74 patients who underwent interictal and ictal EEG, interictal and ictal SPECT and MRI before surgery of the temporal lobe. In all but three patients, histology was reported. The clinical outcome was assessed using Engel's classification. Sensitivity values of all imaging modalities were calculated, and the add-on value of SPECT was assessed. RESULTS Outcome (Engel's classification) in 74 patients was class I, 89%; class II, 7%; class III, 3%; and IV, 1%. Regarding the localization of seizure origin, sensitivity was 84% for ictal SPECT, 70% for ictal EEG, 86% for MRI, 55% for interictal SPECT and 40% for interictal EEG. Add-on value of ictal SPECT was shown by its ability to correctly localize 17/22 (77%) of the seizure foci missed by ictal EEG and 8/10 (80%) of the seizure foci not detected by MRI. CONCLUSIONS This prospective multi-center trial, involving centers from different parts of the world, confirms that ictal perfusion SPECT is an effective diagnostic modality for correctly identifying seizure origin in temporal lobe epilepsy, providing complementary information to ictal EEG and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Zaknun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Krsek P, Hajek M, Dezortova M, Jiru F, Skoch A, Marusic P, Zamecnik J, Kyncl M, Tichy M, Komarek V. (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging in patients with MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy: correlation with ictal onset zone and histopathology. Eur Radiol 2007; 17:2126-35. [PMID: 17340102 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-007-0594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) is beneficial in the lateralization of the epileptogenic zone in temporal lobe epilepsy; however, its role in extratemporal and, especially, MRI-negative epilepsy has not been established. This study seeks to verify how (1)H MRS could help in localizing the epileptogenic zone in patients with MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy. Seven patients (8-23 years) with MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy were studied using (1)H MRS on a 1.5T MR system. Chemical shift imaging sequence in the transversal plane was directed towards the suspected epileptogenic zone localized by seizure semiology, scalp video/EEG, ictal SPECT and (18)FDG-PET. Spectra were evaluated using the program CULICH, and the coefficient of asymmetry was used for quantitative lateralization. MRS detected lateralization in all patients and was able to localize pathology in five. The most frequent findings were decreased ratios of N-acetylaspartate to choline compounds characterized by increasing choline concentration. The localization of the (1)H MRS abnormality correlated well with ictal SPECT and subdural mapping. In all cases, histopathological analysis revealed MRI-undetected focal cortical dysplasias. (1)H MRS could be more sensitive for the detection of discrete malformations of cortical development than conventional MRI. It is valuable in the presurgical evaluation of patients without MRI-apparent lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Krsek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Second Medical School, Motol Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Van Heertum RL, Ichise M. Brain. Clin Nucl Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-28026-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim J, Park JH, Ryu YH, Lee KY. Tc-99m ECD SPECT and FDG PET in partial status epilepticus resulting from cerebral sparganosis. Clin Nucl Med 2006; 31:307-9. [PMID: 16622347 DOI: 10.1097/01.rlu.0000210559.70215.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Salmenpera
- The MRI Unit, The National Society for Epilepsy and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, University College London, UK
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Theodore WH. SURROGATE MARKERS IN EPILEPSY. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2004. [DOI: 10.1212/01.con.0000293591.56647.d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Ryvlin P, Mauguière F. L’imagerie fonctionnelle chez l’adulte. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(04)71190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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