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Khokhlova TD, Haider Y, Hwang JH. Therapeutic potential of ultrasound microbubbles in gastrointestinal oncology: recent advances and future prospects. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8:384-94. [PMID: 26557894 PMCID: PMC4622285 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15592584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles were initially invented as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. However, lately more and more therapeutic applications of microbubbles are emerging, mostly related to drug and gene delivery. Ultrasound is a safe and noninvasive therapeutic modality which has the unique ability to interact with microbubbles and release their payload in situ in addition to permeabilizing the target tissues. The combination of drug-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound has been used in preclinical studies on blood-brain barrier opening, drug and gene delivery to solid tumors, and ablation of blood vessels. This review covers the basic principles of ultrasound-microbubble interaction, the types of microbubbles and the effect they have on tissue, and the preclinical and clinical experience with this approach to date in the field of gastrointestinal oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Khokhlova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yasser Haider
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim KI, Park JH, Lee YJ, Lee TS, Park JJ, Song I, Nahm SS, Cheon GJ, Lim SM, Chung JK, Kang JH. In vivo bioluminescent imaging of α-fetoprotein-producing hepatocellular carcinoma in the diethylnitrosamine-treated mouse using recombinant adenoviral vector. J Gene Med 2013; 14:513-20. [PMID: 22761128 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vivo molecular imaging method is a useful tool for monitoring carcinogenesis in various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models, such as xenografted-, chemical induced- and transgenic mice. The tumor-specific gene expression strategy, such as transcriptional targeting, is essential for achieving a lower toxicity for normal liver tissue in therapy and the monitoring of tumor progression in diagnosis, respectively. The present study aimed to visualize spontaneously developing α-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing HCC through targeted gene expression in tumors using recombinant adenoviral vector. METHODS The recombinant adenovirus vector, AdAFPfLuc (containing firefly luciferase gene driven by human AFP enhancer/promoter) was prepared. After in vitro infection by adenovirus, gene expression was confirmed using the luciferase assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting in AFP-producing and nonproducing cells. Tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with adenovirus, and bioluminescent images were obtained. RESULTS The expression of fLuc was efficiently demonstrated by the luciferase assay in AFP-producing cells but not in AFP-nonproducing cells. AFP-producing HCC targeted gene expression was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. After being injected intravenously in HuH-7 xenografts and HCC-bearing diethylnitrosamine-treated mice using adenovirus, functional reporter gene expression was confirmed in tumors by in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI). CONCLUSIONS The recombinant adenovirus vector system can be used to monitor spontaneously developing AFP-producing HCC and to evaluate targeted gene expression in tumors by in vivo BLI in a small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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YAMAKI MINORU, SHINOZAKI KATSUNORI, SAKAGUCHI TAKEMASA, MESECK MARCIA, EBERT OLIVER, OHDAN HIDEKI, WOO SAVIOL. The potential of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-mediated virotherapy against metastatic colon cancer. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:299-306. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Kim KI, Lee YJ, Lee TS, Song I, Cheon GJ, Lim SM, Chung JK, Kang JH. In vitro radionuclide therapy and in vivo scintigraphic imaging of alpha-fetoprotein-producing hepatocellular carcinoma by targeted sodium iodide symporter gene expression. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 47:1-8. [PMID: 24895502 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-012-0166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a gene expression targeting method for specific imaging and therapy of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, using an adenovirus vector containing the human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) gene driven by an AFP enhancer/promoter. METHODS The recombinant adenovirus vector, AdAFPhNIS (containing the hNIS gene driven by human AFP enhancer/promoter) was prepared. After in vitro infection by the adenovirus, hNIS gene expression in AFP-producing cells and in AFP-nonproducing cells was investigated using (125)I uptake assay and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The killing effect of (131)I on AdAFPhNIS-infected HCC cells was studied using an in vitro clonogenic assay. In addition, tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with the adenovirus, and scintigraphic images were obtained. RESULTS The expression of hNIS was efficiently demonstrated by (125)I uptake assay in AFP-producing cells, but not in AFP-nonproducing cells. AFP-producing HCC-targeted gene expression was confirmed at the mRNA level. Furthermore, in vitro clonogenic assay showed that hNIS gene expression induced by AdAFPhNIS infection in AFP-producing cells caused more sensitivity to (131)I than that in AFP-nonproducing cells. Injected intravenously in HuH-7 tumor xenografts mice by adenovirus, the functional hNIS gene expression was confirmed in tumor by in vivo scintigraphic imaging. CONCLUSIONS An AFP-producing HCC was targeted with an adenovirus vector containing the hNIS gene using the AFP enhancer/promoter in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that AFP-producing HCC-specific molecular imaging and radionuclide gene therapy are feasible using this recombinant adenovirus vector system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Inho Song
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28, Yongon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744 Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75, Nowon-gil, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706 Korea
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Miao J, Chen GG, Chun SY, Yun JP, Chak ECW, Ho RLK, Lai PBS. Adenovirus-mediated tBid overexpression results in therapeutic effects on p53-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:1985-93. [PMID: 16708390 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with a very high mortality. Because the success of the conventional therapies is limited, gene therapy may represent an alternative for HCC management. Our earlier study has shown that Bid plays a role in the development of HCC. The aim of our study is to evaluate the possibility of using truncated Bid (tBid) as a novel therapy for HCC treatment. Two HCC cell lines, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5, were used in the experiment. Hep3B was a p53-resistant while PLC/PRF/5 a p53-sensitive. A recombinant adenovirus-Ad/AFPtBid, which contained a tBid gene driven by an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) promoter, was constructed. Both Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cells infected with Ad/AFPtBid showed a significant decrease in cell viability. The decrease in cell viability by Ad/AFPtBid resulted from apoptosis of HCC cells, evident by enhanced activity of caspases and increased release of cytochrome c. In vivo experiment was performed by the intratumor injection of Ad/AFPtBid in nude mice inoculated with Hep3B. Ad/AFPtBid injection significantly inhibited tumor growth, and tumor tissues showed a marked increase in TUNEL-positive cells. Our experiment also demonstrated that Ad/AFPtBid only targeted AFP-producing cells but not those non-AFP producing cells. In conclusion, these results indicate that the introduction of Ad/AFPtBid can not only significantly but specifically kill HCC cells that produce AFP. The cell death induced by Ad/AFPtBid in HCC cells is via an apoptotic pathway that can be independent of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Miao
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Chévez-Barrios P, Chintagumpala M, Mieler W, Paysse E, Boniuk M, Kozinetz C, Hurwitz MY, Hurwitz RL. Response of retinoblastoma with vitreous tumor seeding to adenovirus-mediated delivery of thymidine kinase followed by ganciclovir. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:7927-35. [PMID: 16258092 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.00.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and safety of adenovirus-mediated gene therapy as a treatment for tumor seeds in the vitreous of children with retinoblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS An Institutional Biosafety Committee-, Institutional Review Board-, Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee-, and US Food and Drug Administration-approved phase I study used intrapatient dose escalation of adenoviral vector containing a herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene (AdV-TK) followed by systemic administration of ganciclovir to treat bilateral retinoblastoma with vitreous tumor seeding refractory to standard therapies. Vitreous tumor seeds were treated by intravitreous injection of AdV-TK adjacent to disease sites. Each injection was followed by ganciclovir delivered intravenously every 12 hours for 7 days. RESULTS Eight patients with vitreous tumor seeds were enrolled. One patient who was treated with 10(8) viral particles (vp) had resolution of the tumor seeds around the injection site. The seven patients who were treated with doses > or = 10(10) vp had resolution of their vitreous tumor seeds documented by fundoscopy. Toxicity included mild inflammation at 10(10) vp and moderate inflammation, corneal edema, and increased intraocular pressure at 10(11) vp. One patient was free of active vitreous tumor seeds 38 months after therapy. There has been no evidence of extraocular spread of tumor along the needle tract in any patient. CONCLUSION AdV-TK followed by ganciclovir can be administered safely to children with retinoblastoma. Suicide gene therapy may contribute to the treatment of children with retinoblastoma tumor seeds in the vitreous, a resistant complication of retinoblastoma.
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Shinozaki K, Ebert O, Woo SLC. Treatment of multi-focal colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver of immune-competent and syngeneic rats by hepatic artery infusion of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:659-64. [PMID: 15609320 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that replicate selectively in cancer cells hold considerable promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy. We report an orthotopic model of multi-focal colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases in the livers of syngeneic and immune-competent rats, which permitted rigorous testing of oncolytic virus vectors as novel therapeutic agents through hepatic arterial infusion for efficacy and safety. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to attenuated anti-viral responses in many tumors. After administration at the maximum tolerated dose, the recombinant VSV vector gained access to multi-focal hepatic CRC lesions that led to tumor-selective viral replication and oncolysis. No relevant vector-associated toxicities were noted and in particular, no damage to the hepatic parenchyma was seen. Moreover, the survival rate of vector-treated rats was significantly improved over that of animals in the control treatment group (p = 0.015). Our results demonstrate that hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic VSV is both effective and safe in an immune-competent and syngeneic rat model of multi-focal CRC liver metastasis, suggesting that it can be developed into an effective therapeutic modality in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shinozaki
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Son SH, Yu E, Choi EK, Lee H, Choi J. Promyelocytic leukemia protein-induced growth suppression and cell death in liver cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 12:1-11. [PMID: 15529177 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), involved in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia, is a coactivator of p53 tumor suppressive functions. The ability of PML to inhibit growth and induce cell death in solid tumor cells, however, has not been determined. We therefore assayed the tumor suppressor activities of PML and compared them with those of p53 in four liver cancer cell lines. Following infection of cells with replication-deficient recombinant PML adenovirus, the exogenous PML localized in the nucleus and formed abnormally enlarged PML-nuclear bodies after 24 hours. In vitro growth curve analysis showed that the overexpressed PML initially induced a substantial G1 cell cycle arrest and triggered massive cell death in all tested cell lines, irrespective of their p53 status. PML-induced cell death decreased by about 30% in the presence of a broad caspase inhibitor, zVAD. The cell death effect of PML was higher than that induced by p53 over a longer period of time. As with p53, overexpression of PML was closely related to upregulation of p21 and decrease of cyclin D1 expression. Unexpectedly, retinoic acid (RA) antagonized rather than enhanced PML-triggered cell death. RA enhanced the expression of adenovirus-cytomegalovirus-promoted PML at both transcription and protein levels within 12 hours after treatment; however, the PML protein was significantly degraded in the presence of RA at days 3-5 postinfection. PML degradation was also observed in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells treated with RA. Taken together, our findings strongly support the hypothesis that PML acts as a strong independent cell death inducer and that RA conversely abolishes the therapeutic effects of the PML proteins through proteasomal degradation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hee Son
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li ZY, Ni S, Yang X, Kiviat N, Lieber A. Xenograft models for liver metastasis: Relationship between tumor morphology and adenovirus vector transduction. Mol Ther 2004; 9:650-7. [PMID: 15120325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of initial tumor cell transduction with viral vectors is a major task in tumor gene therapy. We have developed mouse tumor models with hepatic metastases to study transduction of tumor cells after systemic adenovirus vector application. The tumor models were established by intraportal transplantation of human tumor cell lines into immunodeficient mice. Liver metastases derived from cervix, colon, breast, and liver cancer lines were analyzed for distribution of extracellular matrix, vascularization, and transgene expression after tail vein injection of adenovirus vectors. Overall, xenografts resembled the morphology of corresponding tumors in cancer patients. Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery depended on tumor vascularization and direct contact between blood vessels and tumor cells. These models represent important tools for studying and improving tumor gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yi Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 357720, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Valerón PF, Aznar-Benitah S, Lacal JC. Signal transduction and apoptosis pathways as therapeutic targets. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2004; 36:307-23. [PMID: 15171618 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74264-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P F Valerón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is common in China, and its early diagnosis and treatment are difficult. In recent years great progress has been achieved in gene therapy, and a wide array of gene therapy systems for gastric cancer has been investigated. The present article deals with the general principles of gene therapy and then focuses on how these principles may be applied to gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Gaotan Yan, Chongqing 400038, China.
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:810-814. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i6.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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