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Kuroki K, Hoang CT, Rogic AM, Rindt H, Simenson A, Noall LG, Bryan JN, Johnson GC, Chu S. Hotspot Exon 15 Mutations in BRAF Are Uncommon in Feline Tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39015955 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BRAF is one of multiple RAF proteins responsible for the activation of the MAPK cell signalling cascade involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival. A hotspot BRAFV600E mutation, in exon 15, was determined to be a driver in 100% hairy cell leukaemias, 50%-60% of human melanomas, 30%-50% of human thyroid carcinomas and 10%-20% of human colorectal carcinomas. The orthologous BRAFV595E mutation was seen in 67% and 80% of canine bladder transitional cell carcinomas and prostatic adenocarcinomas, respectively. Since veterinary and human cancers exploit similar pathways and BRAF is highly conserved across species, BRAF can be expected to be a driver in a feline cancer. Primers were developed to amplify exon 15 of feline BRAF. One hundred ninety-six feline tumours were analysed. Sanger sequencing of the 211 bp PCR amplicon was done. A BRAF mutation was found in one tumour, a cutaneous melanoma. The mutation was a BRAFV597E mutation, orthologous to the canine and human hotspot mutations. A common synonymous variant, BRAFT586T, was seen in 23% (47/196) of tumours. This variant was suspected to be a single nucleotide polymorphism. BRAF was not frequently mutated in common feline tumours or in tumour types that frequently harbour BRAF mutations in human and canine cancers. As is seen in canine cancer genomics, the mutational profile in feline tumours may not parallel the histologic equivalent in human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kuroki
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christine Tran Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Anita M Rogic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hans Rindt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Angelynn Simenson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Lucie G Noall
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Gayle C Johnson
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Ludwig L, Dobromylskyj M, Wood GA, van der Weyden L. Feline Oncogenomics: What Do We Know about the Genetics of Cancer in Domestic Cats? Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100547. [PMID: 36288160 PMCID: PMC9609674 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a significant cause of suffering and death in domestic cats. In humans, an understanding of the genetics of different types of cancers has become clinically important for all aspects of patient care and forms the basis for most emerging diagnostics and therapies. The field of ‘oncogenomics’ characterises the alterations of cancer-associated genes that are found in tumours. Such a thorough understanding of the oncogenome of human tumours has only been possible due to a high-quality reference genome and an understanding of the genetic variation that can exist between people. Although a high-quality reference genome for cats has only recently been generated, investigations into understanding the genetics of feline cancers have been underway for many years, using a range of different technologies. This review summarises what is currently known of the genetics of both common and rare types of cancer in domestic cats. Drawing attention to our current understanding of the feline oncogenome will hopefully bring this topic into focus and serve as a springboard for more much-needed research into the genetics of cancer in domestic cats. Abstract Cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in domestic cats. In humans, an understanding of the oncogenome of different cancer types has proven critical and is deeply interwoven into all aspects of patient care, including diagnostics, prognostics and treatments through the application of targeted therapies. Investigations into understanding the genetics of feline cancers started with cytogenetics and was then expanded to studies at a gene-specific level, looking for mutations and expression level changes of genes that are commonly mutated in human cancers. Methylation studies have also been performed and together with a recently generated high-quality reference genome for cats, next-generation sequencing studies are starting to deliver results. This review summarises what is currently known of the genetics of both common and rare cancer types in cats, including lymphomas, mammary tumours, squamous cell carcinomas, soft tissue tumours, mast cell tumours, haemangiosarcomas, pulmonary carcinomas, pancreatic carcinomas and osteosarcomas. Shining a spotlight on our current understanding of the feline oncogenome will hopefully serve as a springboard for more much-needed research into the genetics of cancer in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latasha Ludwig
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Bóna G, Šiviková K. Detection of Mutations in Selected Proto-Oncogenes of Canine Lymphoma. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/fv-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphomas belong among the most frequently diagnosed tumours of the haematopoietic system in dogs. The clinical manifestations and genetic and molecular basis of canine lymphoma resembles those of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma and therefore it can serve as a suitable model for the study of this disease. Neoplastic diseases are the consequence of a number of genetic and epigenetic changes in somatic cells. One of such changes are gene mutations that can subsequently cause changes in the activity of proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. The aim of our study was to detect potential mutations in selected exons of proto-oncogenes in DNA isolated from samples of lymphoma obtained from two donors - a Bernese Mountain Dog and a female mongrel. On the basis of literary data descriptions of human and canine haematopoietic neoplastic diseases, our investigations of potential changes in DNA focused on proto- oncogenes C-KIT - exons 8, 17; NRAS - exons 1, 2;FLT3 - exons 14, 15 and 20. The investigated samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to sequencing. The DNA sequences were compared with reference sequences in the database Ensembl. The comparison of sequences of the C-KIT gene revealed an A/G transition at the 35th nucleotide of exon 8 in the mongrel. It involved a synonymous exchange of the nucleotide in the codon that did not cause a change in the amino acid. In the same sample we recorded several point mutations in the intron regions surrounding the exons 14 and 20 of the FLT3 gene. Changes in the intron regions can affect the expression of genes and thus can play an important role in the origin and development of tumours. No genetic mutations were detected in any gene regions of the Bernese Mountain Dog. In the case of the NRAS gene, no changes were observed in any sample collected from the donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bóna
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice , Slovakia
| | - K. Šiviková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice , Slovakia
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Mochizuki H, Breen M. Sequence analysis of RAS
and RAF
mutation hot spots in canine carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1598-1605. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Mochizuki
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
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Drážovská M, Šiviková K, Dianovský J, Horňák M. Comparative genomic hybridization in detection of DNA changes in canine lymphomas. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:27-32. [PMID: 27112539 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chromosomal imbalances in tumor tissues (lymphomas) and nucleotide changes in tumor suppressor TP53 were studied in a Bernese Mountain dog bitch and a cross breed bitch. Using comparative genomic hybridization, numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumor growth: in the cross breed bitch, a deletion on the chromosome 9, and duplications on chromosomes 5, 8 and 17 have been found. In the Bernese Mountain Dog bitch, losses on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 27, 29 and gains on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37 and 38 were identified. With the sequencing of the TP53 gene, one silent mutation, transition A/G at position 138 in exon 5 was detected, without changing the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Drážovská
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Šiviková
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Dianovský
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Horňák
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, CEITEC - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Usher SG, Radford AD, Villiers EJ, Blackwood L. RAS, FLT3, and C-KIT mutations in immunophenotyped canine leukemias. Exp Hematol 2008; 37:65-77. [PMID: 18977066 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of FLT3, C-KIT, and RAS mutations in canine leukemia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid blood samples were recruited from dogs with suspected leukemia, categorized by quantitative and cytological evaluation and immunophenotyping. Flow cytometry was carried out using antibodies against CD3; CD3e; CD4; CD5; CD8; CD11a, b, c, and d; CD14; CD21; CD34; CD45 and 45RA; CD79a; CD90 (THY-1); major histocompatibility complex II; myeloperoxidase; MAC387; and neutrophil-specific antibody. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and analyzed for mutations in N, H, and K-RAS, FLT3, and C-KIT genes by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RESULTS Fifty-seven (77.0%) of 74 samples submitted from dogs with suspected leukemia had cytologically and immunophenotypically confirmed leukemia. There were 36 (63.2%) acute leukemias, 16 (28.1%) chronic, 3 (5.3%) prolymphocytic, 1 natural killer cell, and 1 chronic leukemia undergoing blast transformation. N-RAS mis-sense mutations were identified in 14 (25%) dogs with acute myeloid (AML) or lymphoid (ALL) leukemia, and also in one dog in the leukemic phase of lymphoma. Mutations in K-RAS were found in two dogs with AML. There were no H-RAS mutations. FLT3 internal tandem duplications were identified in three dogs with ALL, and a mis-sense mutation was found in one dog with ALL. C-KIT mutations were identified in three dogs with AML. Sixty-one percent of dogs with acute leukemia harbored mutations in N/K-RAS, FLT3, or C-KIT. CONCLUSION RAS, FLT3, and C-KIT mutations, analogous to those found in human leukemia, occur commonly in acute canine leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne G Usher
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, The Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, UK
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Mayr B, Holzheu M, Schaffner G, Reifinger M. N-ras mutation in a canine lymphoma: short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2003; 51:91-4. [PMID: 12688129 DOI: 10.1556/avet.51.2003.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas of dogs were investigated by molecular genetic methods. Regions of exon 1 and 2 of the N-ras gene, which harbours the mutation hot spots (codons 12, 13 and 61) were screened. A GGT [symbol: see text] GAT (glycine [symbol: see text] aspartic acid) mutation in codon 13 was present in a multicentric-type lymphoma of a 1-year-old male dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mayr
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinary University, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Mayr B, Schaffner G, Reifinger M, Zwetkoff S, Prodinger B. N-ras mutations in canine malignant melanomas. Vet J 2003; 165:169-71. [PMID: 12573607 DOI: 10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Mayr
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinary University, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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