Nanocrystalization of Pioglitazone by Precipitation Method

Improved Dissolution Time and Oral Bioavailability of Pioglitazone Using Liquisolid Tablets: Formulation, In Vitro Characterization, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics in Rabbits

In the current study, it was intended to prepare liquisolid tablets of pioglitazone HCl to improve the bioavailability and dissolution time of the drug, as it has low solubility in water. Mathematical formulas were adopted, and the quantities of the carrier (MCC), coating material (colloidal silicon dioxides), and nonvolatile liquid vehicle (Tween 80) were taken. Various ratios of the drug to liquid and carrier to coating had been used in the formulation of liquisolid compacts. The evaluation of the formulated liquisolid compacts was done by performing FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM studies. Postcompression parameters, dissolution, stability, and bioavailability were accessed for the optimized formulation. FTIR and DSC studies showed the compatibility of the drugs and excipients. XRD revealed the transition to the amorphous state. It was found that the properties of the newly manufactured liquisolid tablets were within the parameters of what is considered acceptable. The optimized formulation of LST10 showed 99.87 ± 0.19% (p < 0.05) pioglitazone released within 60 min of dissolution. Dissolution data treatments (Q 15, IDR, RDR, %DE, MDT, f 1, and f 2) resulted in better drug release than other drugs studied and marketed tablet formulations. The optimized formulation produced had been proven stable when it was subjected to accelerated stability testing. This suggested that the bioavailability of pioglitazone was enhanced, as indicated by the substantial increase in AUC0-t (3.06-fold) and C max (4.18-fold). According to the findings, the selected combination and method significantly increased the dissolution time and bioavailability of pioglitazone. Moreover, this developed method can be used for other drugs with low water solubility.

Mesoporous silica and alumina nanoparticles to improve drug delivery of pioglitazone on diabetic type 1 nephropathy in rats

Background and purpose

Diabetic nephropathy leads to end-stage renal disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of pioglitazone-loaded mesoporous silica and alumina scaffold on renal function and the underlying mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Experimental approach

The mesoporous nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical methods from tetraethylorthosilicate and aluminum isopropoxide and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The soaking method was applied to load pioglitazone into the mesoporous silica and alumina. Subsequently, the most capable formulation was evaluated for lipid profile, blood glucose, renal function biomarkers, malondialdehyde, and kidney histopathological changes in diabetic rats.

Findings/Results

Pioglitazone loaded in the mesoporous included a superior release of about 80%. No interaction was observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction was shown crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy showed the size of the nanometer in the range of 100 - 300 nm. Mesoporous silica containing the drug significantly decreased urinary parameters, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, malondialdehyde, and creatinine. In addition, it showed increased high-density lipoprotein, significantly. The renal histopathological changes indicated improvement compared with the untreated diabetic group.

Conclusion and implications

It was concluded that the mesoporous was potent to serve as a promising drug carrier and a platform aimed at the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs for improving oral bioavailability. Furthermore, it has the potential to provide a beneficial effect on the changes in diabetic parameters.

Nanoparticles for antiparasitic drug delivery

As an emerging novel drug carrier, nanoparticles provide a promising way for effective treatment of parasitic diseases by overcoming the shortcomings of low bioavailability, poor cellular permeability, nonspecific distribution and rapid elimination of antiparasitic drugs from the body. In recent years, some kinds of ideal nanocarriers have been developed for antiparasitic drug delivery. In this review, the progress of the enhanced antiparasitic effects of different nanoparticles payload and their influencing factors were firstly summarized. Secondly, the transport and disposition process in the body were reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanoparticles for antiparasitic drug delivery were proposed. This review will help scholars to understand the development trend of nanoparticles in the treatment of parasitic diseases and explore strategies in the development of more efficient nanocarriers to overcome the difficulty in the treatment of parasite infections in the future.

Nanocrystals of Poorly Soluble Drugs: Drug Bioavailability and Physicochemical Stability

Many approaches have been developed over time to overcome the bioavailability limitations of poorly soluble drugs. With the advances in nanotechnology in recent decades, science and industry have been approaching this issue through the formulation of drugs as nanocrystals, which consist of “pure drugs and a minimum of surface active agents required for stabilization”. They are defined as “carrier-free submicron colloidal drug delivery systems with a mean particle size in the nanometer range, typically between 10–800 nm”. The primary importance of these nanoparticles was the reduction of particle size to nanoscale dimensions, with an increase in the particle surface area in contact with the dissolution medium, and thus in bioavailability. This approach has been proven successful, as demonstrated by the number of such drug products on the market. Nonetheless, despite the definition that indicates nanocrystals as a “carrier-free” system, surface active agents are necessary to prevent colloidal particles aggregation and thus improve stability. In addition, in more recent years, nanocrystal properties and technologies have attracted the interest of researchers as a means to obtain colloidal particles with modified biological properties, and thus their interest is now also addressed to modify the drug delivery and targeting. The present work provides an overview of the achievements in improving the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs according to their administration route, describes the methods developed to overcome physicochemical and stability-related problems, and in particular reviews different stabilizers and surface agents that are able to modify the drug delivery and targeting.