Phenylpropanoid and Iridoid Glucosides from the Whole Plant of Hemiphragma heterophyllum and Their alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

The antinociceptive and anti-alpha-glucosidase effects of glucosides from Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall

Hemiphragma heterophyllum Wall. is commonly used in traditional Yi herbal medicine for treating bellyache and toothache. In the current study, an unreported monoterpene glucoside, (S)-thymoquinol O-(6-O-oleuropeoyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), together with 11 known glucosides were obtained from the whole herb of H. heterophyllum. Their structures were determined based on a detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and acid hydrolysis and methanolysis reactions. Bioassay results showed that compounds 1 and 10 at 40 mg/kg exhibited significant antinociceptive activity in the acetic acid-induced writhing model, with inhibitions of 59.80% and 64.07%, respectively. Moreover, five of the isolates showed moderate anti-α-glucosidase activities with IC50 values ranging from 5.67 to 46.16 μM.

Secondary metabolites isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb

A pilot study on the ethanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa found to have anti-α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities. Subsequent chemical study afforded a new phenylethyl isocoumarin glycoside (1) and eight known compounds (2-9). The structure of 1 was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations. All compounds showed modest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ values ranging from 36.8 to 210.7 μM), which was lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC₅₀=301.9 μM). Those compounds except inactive compounds 3 and 6 showed weak anti-inflammatory activity.[Formula: see text].