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Graffunder AS, Bresser AAJ, Fernandez Vallone V, Megges M, Stachelscheid H, Kühnen P, Opitz R. Spatiotemporal expression of thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 and THRA mRNA in human cerebral organoids recapitulating first trimester cortex development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9355. [PMID: 38654093 PMCID: PMC11039642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) play critical roles during nervous system development and patients carrying coding variants of MCT8 (monocarboxylate transporter 8) or THRA (thyroid hormone receptor alpha) present a spectrum of neurological phenotypes resulting from perturbed local TH action during early brain development. Recently, human cerebral organoids (hCOs) emerged as powerful in vitro tools for disease modelling recapitulating key aspects of early human cortex development. To begin exploring prospects of this model for thyroid research, we performed a detailed characterization of the spatiotemporal expression of MCT8 and THRA in developing hCOs. Immunostaining showed MCT8 membrane expression in neuronal progenitor cell types including early neuroepithelial cells, radial glia cells (RGCs), intermediate progenitors and outer RGCs. In addition, we detected robust MCT8 protein expression in deep layer and upper layer neurons. Spatiotemporal SLC16A2 mRNA expression, detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), was highly concordant with MCT8 protein expression across cortical cell layers. FISH detected THRA mRNA expression already in neuroepithelium before the onset of neurogenesis. THRA mRNA expression remained low in the ventricular zone, increased in the subventricular zone whereas strong THRA expression was observed in excitatory neurons. In combination with a robust up-regulation of known T3 response genes following T3 treatment, these observations show that hCOs provide a promising and experimentally tractable model to probe local TH action during human cortical neurogenesis and eventually to model the consequences of impaired TH function for early cortex development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Sophie Graffunder
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Audrey Amber Julie Bresser
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeria Fernandez Vallone
- Core Unit Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids (CUSCO), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Megges
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Core Unit Pluripotent Stem Cells and Organoids (CUSCO), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Wilpert NM, Tonduti D, Vaia Y, Krude H, Sarret C, Schuelke M. Establishing Patient-Centered Outcomes for MCT8 Deficiency: Stakeholder Engagement and Systematic Literature Review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2195-2216. [PMID: 37881807 PMCID: PMC10595182 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s379703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The SCL16A2 gene encodes the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter MCT8. Pathogenic variants result in a reduced TH uptake into the CNS despite high serum T3 concentrations. Patients suffer from severe neurodevelopmental delay and require multidisciplinary care. Since a first compassionate use study in 2008, the development of therapies has recently gained momentum. Treatment strategies range from symptom-based approaches, supplementation with TH or TH-analogs, to gene therapy. All these studies have mainly used surrogate endpoints and clinical outcomes. However, the EMA and FDA strongly encourage researchers to involve patients and their advocacy groups in the design of clinical trials. This should strengthen the patients' perspective and identify clinical endpoints that are clinically relevant to their daily life. Methods We involved patient families to define patient-relevant outcomes for MCT8 deficiency. In close collaboration with patient families, we designed a questionnaire asking for their five most preferred therapeutic goals, which, if achieved at least, make a difference in their lives. In addition, we performed a systematic review according to Cochrane recommendations of the published treatment trials. Results We obtained results from 15 families with completed questionnaires from 14 mothers and 8 fathers. Improvement in development, especially in gross motor skills, was most important to the parents. 59% wished for head control and 50% for sitting ability. Another 36% wished for weight gain, 32% for improvement of expressive language skills, and 18% for a reduction of dystonia/spasticity, less dysphagia, and reflux. Paraclinical aspects were least important (5-9%). In a treatment trial (n=46) and compassionate use cases (n=83), the results were mainly inconclusive, partly due to a lack of predefined patient-centered clinical endpoints. Discussion We recommend that future trials should define a relevant improvement in "development" and/or other patient-relevant outcomes compared to natural history as treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina-Maria Wilpert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, C.O.A.L.A. (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ylenia Vaia
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology, C.O.A.L.A. (Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies), V. Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Heiko Krude
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Centre de Compétence des Leucodystrophies et Leucoencéphalopathies de Cause Rare, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Markus Schuelke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Bernal J, Morte B, Diez D. Thyroid hormone regulators in human cerebral cortex development. J Endocrinol 2022; 255:R27-R36. [PMID: 36219489 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is critically dependent on the timely supply of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormone transporters are central to the action of thyroid hormones in the brain, facilitating their passage through the blood-brain barrier. Mutations of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) cause the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, with altered thyroid hormone concentrations in the blood and profound neurological impairment and intellectual deficit. Mouse disease models have revealed interplay between transport, deiodination, and availability of T3 to receptors in specific cells. However, the mouse models are not satisfactory, given the fundamental differences between the mouse and human brains. The goal of the present work is to review human neocortex development in the context of thyroid pathophysiology. Recent developments in single-cell transcriptomic approaches aimed at the human brain make it possible to profile the expression of thyroid hormone regulators in single-cell RNA-Seq datasets of the developing human neocortex. The data provide novel insights into the specific cellular expression of thyroid hormone transporters, deiodinases, and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Morte
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Diez
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Maity-Kumar G, Ständer L, DeAngelis M, Lee S, Molenaar A, Becker L, Garrett L, Amerie OV, Hoelter SM, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Feuchtinger A, Gailus-Durner V, Garcia-Caceres C, Othman AE, Brockmann C, Schöffling VI, Beiser K, Krude H, Mroz PA, Hofmann S, Tuckermann J, DiMarchi RD, Hrabe de Angelis M, Tschöp MH, Pfluger PT, Müller TD. Validation of Mct8/Oatp1c1 dKO mice as a model organism for the Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101616. [PMID: 36270613 PMCID: PMC9626936 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a severe disease caused by dysfunctional central thyroid hormone transport due to functional loss of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). In this study, we assessed whether mice with concomitant deletion of the thyroid hormone transporters Mct8 and the organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp1c1) represent a valid preclinical model organism for the AHDS. METHODS We generated and metabolically characterized a new CRISPR/Cas9 generated Mct8/Oatp1c1 double-knockout (dKO) mouse line for the clinical features observed in patients with AHDS. RESULTS We show that Mct8/Oatp1c1 dKO mice mimic key hallmarks of the AHDS, including decreased life expectancy, central hypothyroidism, peripheral hyperthyroidism, impaired neuronal myelination, impaired motor abilities and enhanced peripheral thyroid hormone action in the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and bone. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Mct8/Oatp1c1 dKO mice are a valuable model organism for the preclinical evaluation of drugs designed to treat the AHDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhari Maity-Kumar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Lisa Ständer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meri DeAngelis
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Molenaar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana V. Amerie
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Hoelter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany,Deutsches Institut für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Site Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Garcia-Caceres
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ahmed E. Othman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Caroline Brockmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa I. Schöffling
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Beiser
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr A. Mroz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Susanna Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias H. Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Helmholtz München, München, Germany
| | - Paul T. Pfluger
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Neurobiology of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany,Corresponding author. Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Sundaram SM, Arrulo Pereira A, Müller-Fielitz H, Köpke H, De Angelis M, Müller TD, Heuer H, Körbelin J, Krohn M, Mittag J, Nogueiras R, Prevot V, Schwaninger M. Gene therapy targeting the blood-brain barrier improves neurological symptoms in a model of genetic MCT8 deficiency. Brain 2022; 145:4264-4274. [PMID: 35929549 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic deficiency of the solute carrier monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), termed Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, is an important cause of X-linked intellectual and motor disability. MCT8 transports thyroid hormones across cell membranes. While thyroid hormone analogues improve peripheral changes of MCT8 deficiency, no treatment of the neurological symptoms is available so far. Therefore, we tested a gene replacement therapy in Mct8- and Oatp1c1-deficient mice as a well-established model of the disease. Here, we report that targeting brain endothelial cells for Mct8 expression by intravenously injecting the vector AAV-BR1-Mct8 increased tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels in the brain and ameliorated morphological and functional parameters associated with the disease. Importantly, the therapy resulted in a long-lasting improvement in motor coordination. Thus, the data support the concept that MCT8 mediates the transport of thyroid hormones into the brain and indicate that a readily accessible vascular target can help overcome the consequences of the severe disability associated with MCT8 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj M Sundaram
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Adriana Arrulo Pereira
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hannes Köpke
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krohn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), 59045 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany
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6
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Diez D, Morte B, Bernal J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Thyroid Hormone Effectors in the Human Fetal Neocortex: Expression of SLCO1C1, DIO2, and THRB in Specific Cell Types. Thyroid 2021; 31:1577-1588. [PMID: 34114484 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones are crucial for brain development, acting through the thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TR)α1 and β to control gene expression. Triiodothyronine (T3), the receptor-ligand, is transported into the brain from the blood by the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Another source of brain T3 is from the local deiodination of thyroxine (T4) by type 2 deiodinase (DIO2). While these mechanisms are very similar in mice and humans, important species-specific differences confound our understanding of disease using mouse models. To fill this knowledge gap on thyroid hormone action in the human fetal brain, we analyzed the expression of transporters, DIO2, and TRs, which we call thyroid hormone effectors, at single-cell resolution. Methods: We analyzed publicly available single-cell transcriptome data sets of isolated cerebral cortex neural cells from three different studies, with expression data from 393 to almost 40,000 cells. We generated Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection scatterplots and cell clusters to identify differentially expressed genes between clusters, and correlated their gene signatures with the expression of thyroid effectors. Results: The radial glia, mainly the outer radial glia, and astrocytes coexpress SLCO1C1 and DIO2, indicating close cooperation between the T4 transporter OATP1C1 and DIO2 in local T3 formation. Strikingly, THRB was mainly present in two classes of interneurons: a majority expressing CALB2/calretinin, from the caudal ganglionic eminence, and in somatostatin-expressing interneurons from the medial ganglionic eminence. By contrast, many cell types express SLC16A2 and THRA. Conclusions:SLCO1C1 and DIO2 coexpression in the outer radial glia, the universal stem cell of the cerebral cortex, highlights the likely importance of brain-generated T3 in neurogenesis. The unique expression of THRB in discrete subsets of interneurons is a novel finding whose pathophysiological meaning deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Diez
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Beatriz Morte
- Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Graffunder AS, Paisdzior S, Opitz R, Renko K, Kühnen P, Biebermann H. Design and Characterization of a Fluorescent Reporter Enabling Live-cell Monitoring of MCT8 Expression. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 130:134-140. [PMID: 34352913 DOI: 10.1055/a-1522-8535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is a specific thyroid hormone transporter and plays an essential role in fetal development. Inactivating mutations in the MCT8 encoding gene SLC16A2 (solute carrier family 16, member 2) lead to the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome, a condition presenting with severe endocrinological and neurological phenotypes. However, the cellular distribution pattern and dynamic expression profile are still not well known for early human neural development. OBJECTIVE Development and characterization of fluorescent MCT8 reporters that would permit live-cell monitoring of MCT8 protein expression in vitro in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cell culture models. METHODS A tetracysteine (TC) motif was introduced into the human MCT8 sequence at four different positions as binding sites for fluorescent biarsenical dyes. Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells were transfected and stained with fluorescein-arsenical hairpin-binder (FlAsH). Counterstaining with specific MCT8 antibody was performed. Triiodothyronine (T3) uptake was indirectly measured with a T3 responsive luciferase-based reporter gene assay in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney 1 cells for functional characterization. RESULTS FlAsH staining and antibody counterstaining of all four constructs showed cell membrane expression of all MCT8 constructs. The construct with the tag after the first start codon demonstrated comparable T3 uptake to the MCT8 wildtype. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that introduction of a TC-tag directly after the first start codon generates a MCT8 reporter with suitable characteristics for live-cell monitoring of MCT8 expression. One promising future application will be generation of stable hiPSC MCT8 reporter lines to characterize MCT8 expression patterns during in vitro neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Sophie Graffunder
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Sarah Paisdzior
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Kühnen
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health
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8
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Quesada-Espinosa JF, Garzón-Lorenzo L, Lezana-Rosales JM, Gómez-Rodríguez MJ, Sánchez-Calvin MT, Palma-Milla C, Gómez-Manjón I, Hidalgo-Mayoral I, Pérez de la Fuente R, Arteche-López A, Álvarez-Mora MI, Camacho-Salas A, Cruz-Rojo J, Lázaro-Rodríguez I, Morales-Conejo M, Nuñez-Enamorado N, Bustamante-Aragones A, Simón de Las Heras R, Gomez-Cano MA, Ramos-Gómez P, Sierra-Tomillo O, Juárez-Rufián A, Gallego-Merlo J, Rausell-Sánchez L, Moreno-García M, Sánchez Del Pozo J. First female with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome and partial deletion of X-inactivation center. Neurogenetics 2021; 22:343-346. [PMID: 34296368 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-021-00660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Allan-Herndon-Dudley is an X-linked recessive syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC16A2 gene. Clinical manifestations are a consequence of impaired thyroid metabolism and aberrant transport of thyroid hormones to the brain. Carrier females are generally asymptomatic and may show subtle symptoms of the disease. We describe a female with a complete Allan-Herndon-Dudley phenotype, carrying a de novo 543-kb deletion of the X chromosome. The deletion encompasses exon 1 of the SLC16A2 gene and JPX and FTX genes; it is known that the latter two genes participate in the X-inactivation process upregulating XIST gene expression. Subsequent studies in the patient demonstrated the preferential expression of the X chromosome with the JPX and FTX deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Quesada-Espinosa
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. .,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Garzón-Lorenzo
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. .,Pediatrics Department, Endocrinology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Lezana-Rosales
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Gómez-Rodríguez
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Cancer Research Network (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María T Sánchez-Calvin
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Palma-Milla
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Manjón
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Hidalgo-Mayoral
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez de la Fuente
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arteche-López
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Álvarez-Mora
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Fundació Clínic Per La Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho-Salas
- Pediatrics Department, Neurology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Cruz-Rojo
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Endocrinology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Lázaro-Rodríguez
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Endocrinology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Morales-Conejo
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Nuñez-Enamorado
- Pediatrics Department, Neurology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María A Gomez-Cano
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Endocrinology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Ramos-Gómez
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ollalla Sierra-Tomillo
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Juárez-Rufián
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Gallego-Merlo
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Moreno-García
- Genetics Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Sánchez Del Pozo
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatrics Department, Endocrinology Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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