Role of the KCNJ Gene Variants in the Clinical Outcome of Type 1 Diabetes

Role of HNFA1 Gene Variants in Pancreatic Beta Cells Function and Glycaemic Control in Young Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes

The HNF1A transcription factor, implicated in the regulation of pancreatic beta cells, as well as in glucose and lipid metabolism, is responsible for type 3 maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3). HNF1A is also involved in increased susceptibility to polygenic forms of diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gestational diabetes (GD), while its possible role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is not known. In this study, 277 children and adolescents with T1D and 140 healthy controls were recruited. The following SNPs in HNF1A gene were selected: rs1169286, rs1169288, rs7979478, and rs2259816. Through linear or logistic regression analysis, we analyzed their association with T1D susceptibility and related clinical traits, such as insulin dose-adjusted glycated hemoglobin A1c (IDAA1c) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). We found that rs1169286 was associated with IDAA1c and HbA1c values (p-value = 0.0027 and p-value = 0.0075, respectively), while rs1169288 was associated with IDAA1c (p-value = 0.0081). No association between HNF1A SNPs and T1D development emerged. In conclusion, our findings suggest for the first time that HNF1A variants may be a risk factor for beta cell function and glycaemic control in T1D individuals.

Independent case-control study in KCNJ11 gene polymorphism with Type 2 diabetes Mellitus

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes in the aging population. This chronic metabolic disorder has discovered many candidate genes, and KCNJ11 was one of the genes associated with insulin secretion pathways mediated by potassium channels. There have been limited studies on the rs5210 polymorphism in T2DM patients, and none of them have been conducted in Saudi Arabia.

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate at genotyping levels of rs5210 polymorphism in the KCNJ11 gene in older population with T2DM in the Saudi Population.

Methods

Based on the sample size design, this case-control study included 102 T2DM cases and 102 controls. Using the PCR-RFLP assay, 204 patients extracted DNA was genotyped for the rs5210 polymorphism. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis, including t-tests, HWE, genotyping, and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

The t-tests performed on T2DM cases and controls revealed a significant association in age, weight, BMI, FBG, Hb1Ac, SBP, DBP, HDLC, TC, and TG parameters (p < 0.05). HWE analysis found to be in consistent with rs5210 polymorphism. Allelic association was found in the rs5210 polymorphism (OR-1.64 [95 %CI: 1.08-2.49]; p = 0.01); however, no association (p > 0.05) was observed in the multivariate logistic regression assessment performed in this study.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the rs5210 polymorphism was primarily associated with allele frequencies, which could be attributable to the small sample size. Large sample size studies will be required to determine whether KCNJ11 gene polymorphisms may be required as a risk marker for T2DM in the Saudi population.