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Xu Y, Liu D, Gao F, Li S, Zhang X, Wang L, Yang D. Harnessing Dpp-Imine as a Powerful Achiral Cocatalyst to Dramatically Increase the Efficiency and Stereoselectivity in a Magnesium-Mediated Oxa-Michael Reaction. JACS AU 2024; 4:164-176. [PMID: 38274262 PMCID: PMC10806778 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Dpp-imines are classic model substrates for synthetic method studies. Here, we disclose their powerful use as achiral coligands in metal-catalyzed reactions. It is highly interesting to find that the Dpp-imine can not only act as powerful ligand to create excellent chiral pockets with magnesium complexes but also, more importantly, this coligand can dramatically enhance the catalytic ability of the metal catalyst. The underlying reaction mechanism was extensively explored by conducting a series of experiments, including 31P NMR studies of the coordination complex between the Dpp-imine coligand and magnesium complexes, ESI capture results, multiple control experiments, studies and comparison of different coligands, 1H NMR studies on the relationship between the substrate and Dpp-imine coligand, as well as the relationship between the substrate and the full complexes. Furthermore, DFT calculation provided valuable insights in the role of the imine additive and demonstrated that adding the Dpp-imine coligand in the magnesium catalyst can switch the deprotonation/nucleophilic addition steps from a stepwise mechanism to a concerted process during the oxa-cyclization reaction. The crucial factors responsible for the excellent enantioselectivity and enhanced reaction efficiency brought by Dpp-imine have been extracted from the calculation model. These mechanistic experiments and DFT calculation data clearly disclose and prove the powerful and interesting functions of the Dpp-imine coligand, which also direct a novel application of this type of active imine as useful ligands in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfan Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feiyun Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Shixin Li
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute
of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen
Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School
of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science,
2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, P. R. China
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Bai L, Wang L, Zhu H, Pang S, Li S, Lv J, Zhang H, Yang D. Development of ProPhenol/Ti(IV) Catalyst for Asymmetric Hydroxylative Dearomatization of Naphthols. Org Lett 2023; 25:867-871. [PMID: 36723617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
By development of ProPhenol/Ti(IV) catalysts, a catalytic enantioselective hydroxylative dearomatization of naphthols is achieved by using TBHP as a simple oxidative reagent. The side coordinative chain equipped on the C1-position of β-naphthols plays an important role for initiating this asymmetric hydroxylative reaction, which might be a result of the proper cocoordination effects to the titanium center in the catalyst. A reasonable catalytic cycle is proposed, the catalytic system is applied to a reasonable range of this type of phenolic compound, and related concise transformations are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haiyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shiming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiaming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Wang L, Gao F, Zhang X, Peng T, Xu Y, Wang R, Yang D. Concerted Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Imines Mediated by a Magnesium Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:610-625. [PMID: 36538490 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective [2 + 2] cyclization between an imine and a carbon-carbon double bond is a versatile strategy to build chiral azetidines. However, α-branched allenoates have never been successfully applied in [2 + 2] cyclization reactions with imines, as they always undergo Kwon's [4 + 2] annulation in previous catalytic methods. Herein, a simple in situ generated magnesium catalyst was employed to successfully achieve the enantioselective [2 + 2] cyclization reaction of DPP-imines and α-branched allenoates for the first time. Insightful experiments including KIE experiments, controlled experiments, Hammett plot analysis, and 31P NMR studies of initial intermediates indicate that the current [2 + 2] cyclization of imine most likely involves an asynchronous concerted transition state. Further mechanistic investigations by combining kinetic studies, ESI experiments, 31P NMR studies of coordination complexes, and controlled experiments on reaction rates under different catalyst loading amounts provided the coordination details for this [2 + 2] cyclization reaction between DPP-imines and α-branched allenoates. This new approach was applied to the synthesis of various chiral aza-heterocycles, including the enantioselective synthesis of the key intermediate of a lipid-lowering agent Ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Feiyun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yingfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Abstract
The addition of a B-H bond to an unsaturated bond (polarized or unpolarized) is a powerful and atom-economic tool for the synthesis of organoboranes. In recent years, s-block organometallics have appeared as alternative catalysts to transition-metal complexes, which traditionally catalyze the hydroboration of unsaturated bonds. Because of the recent and rapid development in the field of hydroboration of unsaturated bonds catalyzed by alkali (Li, Na, K) and alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) metals, we provide a detailed and updated comprehensive review that covers the synthesis, reactivity, and application of s-block metal catalysts in the hydroboration of polarized as well as unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Moreover, we describe the main reaction mechanisms, providing valuable insight into the reactivity of the s-block metal catalysts. Finally, we compare these s-block metal complexes with other redox-neutral catalytic systems based on p-block metals including aluminum complexes and f-block metal complexes of lanthanides and early actinides. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive, authoritative, and critical assessment of the state of the art within this highly interesting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Magre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcin Szewczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Chemical Science Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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A tandem asymmetric oxidation-oxa-Michael sequence for dearomatization of β-naphthols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Jiang X. Cluster Preface: Perspectives on Organoheteroatom and Organometallic Chemistry. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Xuefeng Jiang is a professor at East China Normal University. He received his B.S. degree in 2003 from Northwest University (China). He then joined Professor Shengming Ma’s research group at the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he received his Ph.D. degree in 2008. From 2008 to 2011, Xuefeng worked as a postdoctoral researcher on the total synthesis of natural products in the research group of Professor K. C. Nicolaou at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI). His independent research interests have focused on green organosulfur chemistry and methodology-oriented total synthesis.
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