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Cai M, Zhang L, Zhang W, Lin Q, Luo S. Enantioselective Transformations by "1 + x" Synergistic Catalysis with Chiral Primary Amines. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1523-1537. [PMID: 38700481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusSynergistic catalysis is a powerful tool that involves two or more distinctive catalytic systems to activate reaction partners simultaneously, thereby expanding the reactivity space of individual catalysis. As an established catalytic strategy, organocatalysis has found numerous applications in enantioselective transformations under rather mild conditions. Recently, the introduction of other catalytic systems has significantly expanded the reaction space of typical organocatalysis. In this regard, aminocatalysis is a prototypical example of synergistic catalysis. The combination of aminocatalyst and transition metal could be traced back to the early days of organocatalysis and has now been well explored as an enabling catalytic strategy. Particularly, the acid-base properties of aminocatalysis can be significantly expanded to include usually electrophiles generated in situ via metal-catalyzed cycles. Later on, aminocatalyst has also been exploited in synergistically combining with photochemical and electrochemical processes to facilitate redox transformations. However, synergistically combining one type of aminocatalyst with many different catalytic systems remains a great challenge. One of the most daunting challenges is the compatibility of aminocatalysts in coexistence with other catalytic species. As nucleophilic species, aminocatalysts may also bind with metal, which leads to mutual inhibition or even quenching of the individual catalytic activity. In addition, oxidative stability of aminocatalyst is also a non-neglectable issue, which causes difficulties in exploring oxidative enamine transformations.In 2007, we developed a vicinal diamine type of chiral primary aminocatalysts. This class of primary aminocatalysts was developed and evolved as functional and mechanistic mimics to the natural aldolase and has been widely applied in a number of enamine/iminium ion-based transformations. By following a "1 + x" synergistic strategy, the chiral primary amine catalysts were found to work synergistically or cooperatively with a number of transition metal catalysts, such as Pd, Rh, Ag, Co, and Cu, or other organocatalysts, such as B(C6F5)3, ketone, selenium, and iodide. Photocatalysis and electrochemical processes can also be incorporated to work together with the chiral primary amine catalysts. The 1 + x catalytic strategy enabled us to execute unexploited transformations by fine-tuning the acid-base and redox properties of the enamine intermediates and to achieve effective reaction and stereocontrol beyond the reach individually. During these efforts, an unprecedented excited-state chemistry of enamine was uncovered to make possible an effective deracemization process. In this Account, we describe our recent efforts since 2015 in exploring synergistic chiral primary amine catalysis, and the content is categorized according to the type of synergistic partner such that in each section the developed synergistic catalysis, reaction scopes, and mechanistic features are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Cai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qifeng Lin
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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He Z, Liu HL, Wang ZH, Jiao KJ, Li ZM, Li ZJ, Fang P, Mei TS. C(sp 3)-H Aerobic Alkenylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Organic Electrosynthesis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6203-6208. [PMID: 37058587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A method for the C(sp3)-H alkenylation of N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) has been developed by the combination of electrooxidation and a copper catalyst. The corresponding products were obtained with good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Besides, the addition of TEMPO as an electron mediator is crucial to this transformation, since the oxidative reaction could proceed under a low electrode potential. In addition, the catalytic asymmetric variant has also been demonstrated with good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke-Jing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zi-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhang-Jian Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu HL, He Z, Wang NN, Xu H, Fang P, Mei TS. C(sp 3)-H Alkenylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Merging Electrochemistry and Organocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:608-613. [PMID: 36695740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3)-H alkenylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline by merging Shono oxidation and the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction is developed, employing 4-dimethylaminopyridine as an organocatalyst and TEMPO/NaBr as an electrocatalyst. The reaction proceeds via the interception of an iminium cation intermediate, which is generated in situ from anodic oxidation, leading to aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction products. Additionally, the use of TEMPO and NaBr as mediators is crucial to avoid the decomposition of products by lowering the oxidation potential of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides & Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Jia Z, Zhang L, Luo S. Asymmetric C-H Dehydrogenative Allylic Alkylation by Ternary Photoredox-Cobalt-Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis under Visible Light. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10705-10710. [PMID: 35674475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an asymmetric C-H dehydrogenative allylic alkylation by a synergistic catalytic system involving a chiral primary amine, a photoredox catalyst, and a cobaloxime cocatalyst. The ternary catalytic system enables the coupling of β-ketocarbonyls and olefins with good yields and high enantioselectivities. Mechanism studies disclosed a cooperative radical addition process with a chiral α-imino radical and Co(II)-metalloradical wherein the chiral primary aminocatalyst and the cobaloxime catalyst work in concert to control the stereoinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbin Jia
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 100190
| | - Long Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084
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