1
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Luo X, Hou P, Shen J, Kuang Y, Sun F, Jiang H, Gooßen LJ, Huang L. Ligand-enabled ruthenium-catalyzed meta-C-H alkylation of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5552. [PMID: 38956019 PMCID: PMC11219896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxylates are ideal directing groups because they are widely available, readily cleavable and excellent linchpins for diverse follow-up reactions. However, their use in meta-selective C-H functionalizations remains a substantial unmet catalytic challenge. Herein, we report the ruthenium-catalyzed meta-C-H alkylation of aromatic carboxylic acids with various functionalized alkyl halides. A bidentate N-ligand increases the electron density at the metal center of ortho-benzoate ruthenacycles to the extent that single-electron reductions of alkyl halides can take place. The subsequent addition of alkyl radicals is exclusively directed to the position para to the CAr-Ru bond, i.e., meta to the carboxylate group. The resulting catalytic meta-C-H alkylation extends to a wide range of (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids including benzofused five-membered ring heteroarenes but no pyridine derivatives in combination with secondary/tertiary alkyl halides, including fluorinated derivatives. It also allows site-selective C5-H alkylation of 1-naphthoic acids. The products are shown to be synthetic hubs en route to meta-alkylated aryl ketones, nitriles, amides, esters and other functionalized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peichao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Liangbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510641, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Guillemard L, Ackermann L, Johansson MJ. Late-stage meta-C-H alkylation of pharmaceuticals to modulate biological properties and expedite molecular optimisation in a single step. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3349. [PMID: 38637496 PMCID: PMC11026381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalysed C-H activation has emerged as a transformative platform for molecular synthesis and provides new opportunities in drug discovery by late-stage functionalisation (LSF) of complex molecules. Notably, small aliphatic motifs have gained significant interest in medicinal chemistry for their beneficial properties and applications as sp3-rich functional group bioisosteres. In this context, we disclose a versatile strategy with broad applicability for the ruthenium-catalysed late-stage meta-C(sp2)-H alkylation of pharmaceuticals. This general protocol leverages numerous directing groups inherently part of bioactive scaffolds to selectivity install a variety of medicinally relevant bifunctional alkyl units within drug compounds. Our strategy enables the direct modification of unprotected lead structures to quickly generate an array of pharmaceutically useful analogues without resorting to de novo syntheses. Moreover, productive late-stage modulation of key biological characteristics of drug candidates upon remote C-H alkylation proves viable, highlighting the major benefits of our approach to offer in drug development programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Guillemard
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Cui PC, Wang GW. Visible-Light-Mediated Bimetal-Catalyzed meta-Alkylation of Arenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38190630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A mild approach to the visible-light-mediated bimetal-catalyzed meta-alkylation of arenes has been accomplished. The regioselective meta-alkylation is realized by a bimetallic ruthenium-palladium system. Ruthenium acts as a catalyst for the directing effect and as a photosensitizer, while the cocatalyst palladium behaves as a catalyst for the generation of fluoroalkyl radicals. This reaction not only is suitable for two-component meta-fluoroalkylation of arenes but can also be extended to three-component reactions to achieve bifunctionalization of olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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4
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Docherty JH, Lister TM, Mcarthur G, Findlay MT, Domingo-Legarda P, Kenyon J, Choudhary S, Larrosa I. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation for the Formation of C-C Bonds in Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37163671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Site-predictable and chemoselective C-H bond functionalization reactions offer synthetically powerful strategies for the step-economic diversification of both feedstock and fine chemicals. Many transition-metal-catalyzed methods have emerged for the selective activation and functionalization of C-H bonds. However, challenges of regio- and chemoselectivity have emerged with application to highly complex molecules bearing significant functional group density and diversity. As molecular complexity increases within molecular structures the risks of catalyst intolerance and limited applicability grow with the number of functional groups and potentially Lewis basic heteroatoms. Given the abundance of C-H bonds within highly complex and already diversified molecules such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, and materials, design and selection of reaction conditions and tolerant catalysts has proved critical for successful direct functionalization. As such, innovations within transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization for the direct formation of carbon-carbon bonds have been discovered and developed to overcome these challenges and limitations. This review highlights progress made for the direct metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions including alkylation, methylation, arylation, and olefination of C-H bonds within complex targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Docherty
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Lister
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mcarthur
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Findlay
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Domingo-Legarda
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Kenyon
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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5
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Kogure Y, Ueno S. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Ketones as an Alkenyl Electrophile with Organoborons via Cleavage of Alkenyl C-N Bonds of in Situ Generated Enamines. Org Lett 2022; 24:9233-9237. [PMID: 36508505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A ruthenium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of ketones with organoboronic esters was developed. In this reaction, ketones possessing a pyridine-directing group directly functions as an alkenyl electrophile for coupling with organoboronates in the presence of pyrrolidine and a ruthenium catalyst. This reaction proceeds via the catalytic cleavage of the alkenyl carbon-nitrogen bond in the enamines generated in situ from ketones with pyrrolidine, benzylamine, or isoindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kogure
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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6
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Wu J, Kaplaneris N, Pöhlmann J, Michiyuki T, Yuan B, Ackermann L. Remote C-H Glycosylation by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis: Modular Assembly of meta-C-Aryl Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208620. [PMID: 35877556 PMCID: PMC9825995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of C-aryl glycosides in biologically active natural products and approved drugs has long motivated the development of efficient strategies for their selective synthesis. Cross-couplings have been frequently used, but largely relied on palladium catalyst with prefunctionalized substrates, while ruthenium-catalyzed C-aryl glycoside preparation has thus far proven elusive. Herein, we disclose a versatile ruthenium(II)-catalyzed meta-C-H glycosylation to access meta-C-aryl glycosides from readily available glycosyl halide donors. The robustness of the ruthenium catalysis was reflected by mild reaction conditions, outstanding levels of anomeric selectivity and exclusive meta-site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Pöhlmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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7
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Wang Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zangarelli A, Ackermann L. Photo-Induced Ruthenium-Catalyzed Double Remote C(sp 2 )-H / C(sp 3 )-H Functionalizations by Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205562. [PMID: 35527721 PMCID: PMC9401009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Distal C(sp2 )-H and C(sp3 )-H functionalizations have recently emerged as step-economical tools for molecular synthesis. However, while the C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) construction is of fundamental importance, its formation through double remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H activation has proven elusive. By merging the ruthenium-catalyzed meta-C(sp2 )-H functionalization with an aliphatic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, we, herein, describe the catalyzed twofold remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H functionalizations via photo-induced ruthenium-mediated radical relay. Thus, meta-C(sp2 )-H arene bonds and remote C(sp3 )-H alkane bonds were activated by a single catalyst in a single operation. This process was accomplished at room temperature by visible light-notably without exogenous photocatalysts. Experimental and computational theory studies uncovered a manifold comprising ortho-C-H activation, single-electron-transfer (SET), 1,n-HAT (n=5-7) and σ-activation by means of a single ruthenium(II) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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8
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Wu J, Kaplaneris N, Pöhlmann J, Michiyuki T, Yuan B, Ackermann L. Remote C–H Glycosylation by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis: Modular Assembly of meta‐C‐Aryl Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | | | - Julia Pöhlmann
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Binbin Yuan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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9
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Wang Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zangarelli A, Ackermann L. Foto‐Induzierte Ruthenium‐Katalysierte Doppel C(sp
2
)−H/C(sp
3
)−H Funktionalisierungen durch Radikalübertragungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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10
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Visible-light-enabled ruthenium-catalyzed para-C−H difluoroalkylation of anilides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Fu Y, Chen CH, Huang MG, Tao JY, Peng X, Xu HB, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Remote C5-Selective Functionalization of Naphthalene Enabled by P–Ru–C Bond-Directed δ-Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueliuting Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cui-Hong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mao-Gui Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Yang Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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12
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Sala R, Kiala G, Veiros LF, Broggini G, Poli G, Oble J. Redox-Neutral Ru(0)-Catalyzed Alkenylation of 2-Carboxaldimine-heterocyclopentadienes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4640-4648. [PMID: 35290058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new Ru3(CO)12-catalyzed directed alkenylation of 2-carboxaldimine-heterocyclopentadienes has been accomplished. This process allows coupling of furan, pyrrole, indole, and thiophene 2-carboxaldimines with electron-poor alkenes such as acrylates, vinylsulfones, and styrenes. This regio- and chemoselective oxidative C-H coupling does not require the presence of an additional sacrificial oxidant. Density functional theory calculations allowed us to propose a mechanism and unveiled the nature of the H2 acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sala
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DISAT), Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, Como (CO) 22100, Italy
| | - Gredy Kiala
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luis F Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia (DISAT), Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, Como (CO) 22100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Poli
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Julie Oble
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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13
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Aitken RA, Harper AD, Inwood RA, Slawin AMZ. Access to Diarylmethanols by Wittig Rearrangement of ortho-, meta-, and para-Benzyloxy- N-Butylbenzamides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4692-4701. [PMID: 35286089 PMCID: PMC9007461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The N-butyl amide
group, CONHBu, has been found
to be an effective promoter of the [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement of aryl
benzyl ethers and thus allow the two-step synthesis of isomerically
pure substituted diarylmethanols starting from simple hydroxybenzoic
acid derivatives. The method is compatible with a wide range of functional
groups including methyl, methoxy, and fluoro, although not with nitro
and, unexpectedly, is applicable to meta as well
as ortho and para isomeric series.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alan Aitken
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Harper
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Ryan A Inwood
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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14
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Findlay MT, Domingo-Legarda P, McArthur G, Yen A, Larrosa I. Catalysis with cycloruthenated complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3335-3362. [PMID: 35432864 PMCID: PMC8943884 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloruthenated complexes have been studied extensively over the last few decades. Many accounts of their synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic activity in a wide variety of transformations have been reported to date. Compared with their non-cyclometallated analogues, cycloruthenated complexes may display enhanced catalytic activities in known transformations or possess entirely new reactivity. In other instances, these complexes can be chiral, and capable of catalysing stereoselective reactions. In this review, we aim to highlight the catalytic applications of cycloruthenated complexes in organic synthesis, emphasising the recent advancements in this field. We discuss recent advances in the applications of cycloruthenated complexes in organic synthesis, comprising C–H activation, chiral-at-metal catalysis, Z-selective olefin metathesis, transfer hydrogenation, enantioselective cyclopropanations and cycloadditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Findlay
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Gillian McArthur
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Andy Yen
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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15
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Ramadoss B, Jin Y, Asako S, Ilies L. Remote steric control for undirected meta-selective C-H activation of arenes. Science 2022; 375:658-663. [PMID: 35143323 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of arenes remains a challenging problem in organic synthesis. Steric interactions are often used to block sites adjacent to a given substituent, but they do not distinguish the remaining remote sites. We report a strategy based on remote steric control, whereby a roof-like ligand protects the distant para site in addition to the ortho sites, and thereby enables selective activation of meta carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds in the absence of ortho or para substituents. We demonstrate this concept for iridium-catalyzed meta-selective borylation of various monosubstituted arenes, including complex drug molecules. This strategy has the potential to expand the toolbox of C-H bond functionalization to previously nondifferentiable reaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boobalan Ramadoss
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yushu Jin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Wang H, Fu L, Zhou C, Li G. Pd( ii)-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination and chlorination of aniline and benzoic acid derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8686-8692. [PMID: 35974770 PMCID: PMC9337732 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic electrophilic bromination leads to ortho- and para-bromination of anilines due to their electron-rich properties. Herein we report the development of an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination of aniline derivatives using commercially available N-bromophthalimide (NBP), which overcomes the competing ortho/para-selectivity of electrophilic bromination of anilines. The addition of acid additives is crucial for the success of this reaction. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns can be tolerated in this reaction. Moreover, benzoic acid derivatives bearing complex substitution patterns are also viable with this mild bromination reaction, and meta-C–H chlorination is also feasible under similar reaction conditions. The ease of the directing group removal and subsequent diverse transformations of the brominated products demonstrate the application potential of this method and promise new opportunities for drug discovery. An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination and chlorination of highly substituted aniline and benzoic acid derivatives using N-bromophthalimide is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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C-H activation by immobilized heterogeneous photocatalysts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1563-1572. [PMID: 34784051 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, the merger of photocatalysis with transition metal chemistry has been surfaced as a sustainable tool in modern molecular syntheses. This Account highlights major advances in synergistic photo-enabled C‒H activations. Inspired by our homogenous ruthenium- and copper-catalyzed C‒H activations in the absence of an exogenous photosensitizer, this Account describes the recent progress on heterogeneous photo-induced C‒H activation enabled by immobilized hybrid catalysts until September 2021, with a topical focus on recyclability as well as robustness of the heterogeneous photocatalyst.
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