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Liang H, Borys AM, Hevia E, Perrin MEL, Payard PA. Shedding Light on the Hidden Roles of Lithium in the Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19989-19999. [PMID: 37646479 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl ethers is a powerful synthetic tool to transform widely available phenol derivatives into functionalized aromatic molecules. Recent theoretical and experimental mechanistic studies have identified the involvement of heterobimetallic nickelates as key intermediates that facilitate the challenging transformation under mild conditions and often without the need for external ligands or additives. In this work, based on calculations performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level and by comparison with spectroscopic and kinetic data, we investigate the mechanism of the Ni(COD)2-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-methoxynaphthalene with PhLi and assess the speciation of lithium nickelate intermediates. The crucial role of solvent on the reaction is explained, and the multiple roles played by lithium are unveiled. Experimental studies have identified key lithium nickelate species which support and help to evolve the calculated reaction mechanism and ultimately complete the catalytic cycle. Based on this new mechanistic knowledge, a well-known experimental challenge of these transformations, the so-called "naphthalene problem" which restricts the use of electrophilic coupling partners to π-extended systems, can be addressed to enable the cross-coupling of unbiased aryl ethers under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Liang
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Rue Victor Grignard, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
| | - Andryj M Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Eve L Perrin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Rue Victor Grignard, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
| | - Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, CNRS, INSA, CPE, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Rue Victor Grignard, Villeurbanne Cedex F-69622, France
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Xu X, Lin Z. Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylative Activation of the Aromatic C–O Bond. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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Poisson PA, Tran G, Besnard C, Mazet C. Nickel-Catalyzed Kumada Vinylation of Enol Phosphates: A Comparative Mechanistic Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Alexandre Poisson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Tran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Borys AM, Hevia E. The Anionic Pathway in the Nickel‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M. Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie Universität Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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Borys AM, Hevia E. The Anionic Pathway in the Nickel-Catalysed Cross-Coupling of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24659-24667. [PMID: 34469021 PMCID: PMC8596537 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Ni‐catalysed cross‐coupling of aryl ethers is a powerful method to forge new C−C and C−heteroatom bonds. However, the inert C(sp2)−O bond means that a canonical mechanism that relies on the oxidative addition of the aryl ether to a Ni0 centre is thermodynamically and kinetically unfavourable, which suggests that alternative mechanisms may be involved. Here, we provide spectroscopic and structural insights into the anionic pathway, which relies on the formation of electron‐rich hetero‐bimetallic nickelates by adding organometallic nucleophiles to a Ni0 centre. Assessing the rich co‐complexation chemistry between Ni(COD)2 and PhLi has led to the structures and solution‐state chemistry of a diverse family of catalytically competent lithium nickelates being unveiled. In addition, we demonstrate dramatic solvent and donor effects, which suggest that the cooperative activation of the aryl ether substrate by Ni0‐ate complexes plays a key role in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M Borys
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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