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Eeckhaut V, Rysselberghe NV, Verbanck S, Ducatelle R, Van Immerseel F. Oral vaccination of young broilers with a live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine reduces caecal and internal organ colonization following a Salmonella Infantis challenge in a seeder-bird model. Avian Pathol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38813600 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2362223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Poultry products are an important source of foodborne Salmonella infections in humans. Amongst these, the prevalence of S. Infantis is rising. In this study, the protection efficacy of an authorized live-attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine against S. Infantis, was examined using a seeder-bird model in broilers. Vaccinated birds displayed a significantly lower colonization of S. Infantis bacteria in the caeca compared to the non-vaccinated counterparts (P = 0.017), with no significant differences observed in the spleen among the groups, three days post-infection. Thirty-two days post-infection, the disparity in average S. Infantis concentration between all-vaccinated and non-vaccinated birds was significant in both caeca (P = 0.0003) and spleen (P = 0.0002). Interestingly, a third group, consisting of seeder birds that were not vaccinated but housed with vaccinated penmates, exhibited significantly lower S. Infantis levels in both caeca (P = 0.0014) and spleen (P < 0.0001) compared to the non-vaccinated group. These findings underscore the potential of a live-attenuated S. Typhimurium vaccine administered to 2-day-old chicks in conferring protection against S. Infantis in broilers up to slaughter age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Van Rysselberghe
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Serge Verbanck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University Merelbeke, Belgium
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Montoro-Dasi L, Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Marco-Fuertes A, Vega S, Marin C. Holistic Strategies to Control Salmonella Infantis: An Emerging Challenge in the European Broiler Sector. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1765. [PMID: 37512937 PMCID: PMC10386103 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. has been globally recognized as one of the leading causes of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis resulting from the consumption of animal-derived products. Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and its monophasic variant are the main serovars responsible for human disease. However, a serovar known as S. Infantis has emerged as the fourth most prevalent serovar associated with human disease. A total of 95% of isolated S. Infantis serovars originate from broilers and their derived products. This serovar is strongly associated with an elevated antimicrobial (AMR) and multidrug resistance, a resistance to disinfectants, an increased tolerance to environmental mercury, a heightened virulence, and an enhanced ability to form biofilms and attach to host cells. Furthermore, this serovar harbors genes that confer resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic in human medicine, and it has the potential to acquire additional transferable AMR against other critically important antimicrobials, posing a new and significant challenge to global public health. This review provides an overview of the current status of the S. Infantis serovar in the poultry sector, focusing on its key virulence factors, including its virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Additionally, novel holistic strategies for controlling S. Infantis along the entire food chain are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montoro-Dasi
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Vega
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Santiago Ramón y Cajal 20, 45115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
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Evaluation of the Protective Immune Response Induced by an rfbG-Deficient Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strain as a Live Attenuated DIVA (Differentiation of Infected and Vaccinated Animals) Vaccine in Chickens. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157422. [PMID: 36377942 PMCID: PMC9769753 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01574-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), one of the zoonotic pathogens, not only results in significant financial losses for the global poultry industry but also has the potential to spread to humans through poultry and poultry products. Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Salmonella infections. In this study, we constructed a live attenuated DIVA (differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals) vaccine candidate, Z11ΔrfbG, and evaluated its protective effectiveness and DIVA potential in chickens. Compared to that of the virulent wild-type strain, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the rfbG mutant strain increased 56-fold, confirming its attenuation. High serum levels of S. Enteritidis-specific IgG titers indicated that a significant humoral immune response was induced in the vaccinated group. After challenge, the nonvaccinated group showed serious clinical symptoms (diarrhea, depression, decreased appetite, ruffled feathers, and weight loss), pathological changes (white nodules in the liver and fatty lesions in liver cells), and death. In contrast, there were no clinical symptoms, pathological changes, or death in the 5 × 106- and 5 × 107-CFU-vaccinated groups. Z11ΔrfbG vaccination significantly reduced S. Enteritidis colonization in the spleen, liver, and cecum. In addition, the Z11ΔrfbG-vaccinated group exhibited a negative response to the serological test, whereas the virulent wild-type Z11 infection group was strongly positive for the serological test, showing a DIVA capability of Z11ΔrfbG vaccination. Overall, our findings demonstrate the viability of the rfbG mutant as a live attenuated chicken vaccine that can discriminate between animals that have been immunized and those that have been infected. IMPORTANCE S. Enteritidis is a highly adapted pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry around the world. Vaccination is an effective method of controlling S. Enteritidis infections. Here, we demonstrated that S. Enteritidis Z11ΔrfbG has the potential to be a safe, immunogenic, and DIVA vaccine candidate for the control of Salmonella infections in chickens. Z11ΔrfbG not only provided effective protection in chickens but also distinguished between infected and vaccinated chickens by serological tests.
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Ji HJ, Jang AY, Song JY, Ahn KB, Han SH, Bang SJ, Jung HK, Hur J, Seo HS. Development of Live Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Vaccine Strain Using Radiation Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET). Front Immunol 2022; 13:931052. [PMID: 35898510 PMCID: PMC9310569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a leading cause of food-borne diseases in humans worldwide, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. They are carried asymptomatically in the intestine or gallbladder of livestock, and are transmitted predominantly from animals to humans via the fecal-oral route. Thus, the best preventive strategy is to preemptively prevent transmission to humans by vaccinating livestock. Live attenuated vaccines have been mostly favored because they elicit both cellular and humoral immunity and provide long-term protective immunity. However, developing these vaccines is a laborious and time-consuming process. Therefore, most live attenuated vaccines have been mainly used for phenotypic screening using the auxotrophic replica plate method, and new types of vaccines have not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we used Radiation-Mutation Enhancement Technology (R-MET) to introduce a wide variety of mutations and attenuate the virulence of Salmonella spp. to develop live vaccine strains. The Salmonella Typhimurium, ST454 strain (ST WT) was irradiated with Cobalt60 gamma-irradiator at 1.5 kGy for 1 h to maximize the mutation rate, and attenuated daughter colonies were screened using in vitro macrophage replication capacity and in vivo mouse infection assays. Among 30 candidates, ATOMSal-L6, with 9,961-fold lower virulence than the parent strain (ST454) in the mouse LD50 model, was chosen. This vaccine candidate was mutated at 71 sites, and in particular, lost one bacteriophage. As a vaccine, ATOMSal-L6 induced a Salmonella-specific IgG response to provide effective protective immunity upon intramuscular vaccination of mice. Furthermore, when mice and sows were orally immunized with ATOMSal-L6, we found a strong protective immune response, including multifunctional cellular immunity. These results indicate that ATOMSal-L6 is the first live vaccine candidate to be developed using R-MET, to the best of our knowledge. R-MET can be used as a fast and effective live vaccine development technology that can be used to develop vaccine strains against emerging or serotype-shifting pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Ji
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - A-Yeung Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Bum Ahn
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Bang
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Jung
- Research and Development Center, HONGCHEON CTCVAC Co., Ltd., Hongcheon, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin Hur, ; Ho Seong Seo,
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