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Elbermawi A, Zulfiqar F, Khan SI, Khan IA, Ali Z. Phytochemical analysis of Cichorium bottae root and anti-inflammatory potential assessment of isolates. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106106. [PMID: 38945492 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The Cichorium plants are particularly notable due to their remarkable therapeutic and medicinal properties, besides being used as food and conventional medication. Although Cichorium plants have been studied for their phytoconstituents and biological activities, there is limited knowledge about the constituents of the roots of C. bottae. A phytochemical study of the 90% MeOH extract of C. bottae roots resulted in the isolation of twelve compounds belonging to guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, sesquiterpene lactone glucosides, and phenolic derivatives, of which two compounds designated as 9α-hydroxycrepediaside B (1) and cichobotinal (2) were previously undescribed. The isolated compounds were assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential through the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and resultant decrease in nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced macrophages. Among the isolates, compounds 2 and 11 (8-deoxylactucin) inhibited iNOS activity with IC50 values of 21.0 ± 4 and 6.8 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. The methanolic extract of C. bottae inhibited iNOS with an IC50 of 10.5 ± 0.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbermawi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Wang Y, Mao J, Zhang M, Liu L, Zhu Y, Gu M, Zhang J, Bu H, Sun Y, Sun J, Ma Y, Guo L, Zheng Y, Liu Q. An Umbrella Insight into the Phytochemistry Features and Biological Activities of Corn Silk: A Narrative Review. Molecules 2024; 29:891. [PMID: 38398644 PMCID: PMC10891732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (Zea mays L.) is the stigma of an annual gramineous plant named corn, which is distributed in many regions worldwide and has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine, studies of corn silk based on modern technologies, such as GC-MS, LC-MS, and other analytical means, have offered more comprehensive analyses. Phytochemistry studies have shown that the main bioactive components in corn silk include flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Pharmacological studies have shown that corn silk extract has various pharmacological effects, such as reducing blood lipids, lowering blood pressure, regulating blood sugar levels, anti-inflammatory effects, and anti-oxidation effects. In this paper, the related research on corn silk from the past few years is summarized to provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of corn silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jialin Mao
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Lei Liu
- Graduate School, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yu Zhu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Meiling Gu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Jinling Zhang
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hongzhou Bu
- Chinese Medicine Detection Laboratory, Drugs Control Center of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yu Sun
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Jia Sun
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yukun Ma
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Lina Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Yan Zheng
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Qi Liu
- The Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (Y.W.); (J.M.); (M.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.S.); (Y.M.)
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Ding L, Ren S, Song Y, Zang C, Liu Y, Guo H, Yang W, Guan H, Liu J. Modulation of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites by corn silk among high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935612. [PMID: 35978956 PMCID: PMC9376456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) is known to reduce cholesterol levels, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive concerning the gut microbiota and metabolites. The aim of our work was to explore how altered gut microbiota composition and metabolite profile are influenced by CS intervention in mice using integrated 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and an untargeted metabolomics methodology. The C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with the aqueous extract of CS (80 mg/mL) for 8 weeks. HFD-induced chronic inflammation damage is alleviated by CS extract intervention and also resulted in a reduction in body weight, daily energy intake as well as serum and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels. In addition, CS extract altered gut microbial composition and regulated specific genera viz. Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Romboutsia, Streptococcus, Sporobacter, Christensenella, ClostridiumXVIII, and Rikenella. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, we determined that Turicibacter and Rikenella were negatively correlated with hypercholesterolemia-related parameters. Fecal metabolomics analysis revealed that CS extract influences multiple metabolic pathways like histidine metabolism-related metabolites (urocanic acid, methylimidazole acetaldehyde, and methiodimethylimidazoleacetic acid), sphingolipid metabolism-related metabolites (sphinganine, 3-dehydrosphinganine, sphingosine), and some bile acids biosynthesis-related metabolites including chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA). As a whole, the present study indicates that the modifications in the gut microbiota and subsequent host bile acid metabolism may be a potential mechanism for the antihypercholesterolemic effects of CS extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Basic Medical, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yaoxin Song
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chuangang Zang
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.,Qiqihar Academy of Medical Sciences, Qiqihar, China
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