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Zhang K, Zhang H, Wang B, Gao S, Sun C, Jia C, Cui J. NR2F1 overexpression alleviates trophoblast cell dysfunction by inhibiting GDF15/MAPK axis in preeclampsia. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01095-6. [PMID: 39007956 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal functions of trophoblast cells are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1 (NR2F1) acts as a transcriptionally regulator in many diseases, but its role in PE remains unknown. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated HTR-8/SVneo cells were used to mimic PE injury in vitro. NR2F1 overexpression alleviated trophoblast apoptosis, as evidenced by the decreased number of TUNEL-positive cells and the downregulation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression in cells. NR2F1 overexpression increased the invasion and migration ability of HTR-8/SVneo cells, accompanied by increased protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. mRNA-seq was applied to explore the underlying mechanism of NR2F1, identifying growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as the possible downstream effector. Dual-luciferase reporter, ChIP-qPCR, and DNA pull-down assays confirmed that NR2F1 bound to the promoter of GDF15 and transcriptionally inhibited its expression. GDF15 overexpression increased apoptosis and decreased the ability of invasion and migration in HTR-8/SVneo cells expressing NR2F1. MAPK pathway was involved in the regulation of PE. Administration of p38 inhibitor, ERK inhibitor, and JNK inhibitor reversed the effect of simultaneous overexpression NR2F1 and GDF15 on trophoblast apoptosis, invasion, and migration. Our findings demonstrated that NR2F1 overexpression inhibited trophoblast apoptosis and promoted trophoblast invasion and migration. NR2F1 might negatively regulate GDF15 expression by binding to its promoter region, which further inhibited MAPK signaling pathway in PE. Our study highlights that NR2F1 might sever as a potential target in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2, Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Silva-Bermudez LS, Klüter H, Kzhyshkowska JG. Macrophages as a Source and Target of GDF-15. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7313. [PMID: 39000420 PMCID: PMC11242731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. GDF-15 is involved in immune tolerance and is elevated in several acute and chronic stress conditions, often correlating with disease severity and patient prognosis in cancer172 and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Despite these clinical associations, the molecular mechanisms orchestrating its effects remain to be elucidated. The effects of GDF-15 are pleiotropic but cell-specific and dependent on the microenvironment. While GDF-15 expression can be stimulated by inflammatory mediators, its predominant effects were reported as anti-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic. The role of GDF-15 in the macrophage system has been increasingly investigated in recent years. Macrophages produce high levels of GDF-15 during oxidative and lysosomal stress, which can lead to fibrogenesis and angiogenesis at the tissue level. At the same time, macrophages can respond to GDF-15 by switching their phenotype to a tolerogenic one. Several GDF-15-based therapies are under development, including GDF-15 analogs/mimetics and GDF-15-targeting monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we summarize the major physiological and pathological contexts in which GDF-15 interacts with macrophages. We also discuss the major challenges and future perspectives in the therapeutic translation of GDF-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Susana Silva-Bermudez
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Klüter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia G Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Xu S, Lu Y, Yao M, Yang Z, Chen Y, Ding Y, Xiao Y, Liang F, Qian J, Ma J, Liu S, Yan S, Yin J, Ma Q. Association between plasma growth differentiation factor 15 levels and pre-eclampsia in China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2024; 10:140-145. [PMID: 38872765 PMCID: PMC11166678 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia (PE). Method The study involved 299 pregnant women, out of which 236 had normal pregnancies, while 63 participants had PE. Maternal serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median (MOM) to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood sampling. Logistic models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE, presenting as odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls (1.588 vs. 1.000, p < 0.001). In the logistic model, pregnant women with higher MOM of GDF-15 (>1) had a 4.74-fold (95% CI = 2.23-10.08, p < 0.001) increased risk of PE, adjusted by age, preconceptional body mass index, gravidity, and parity. Conclusions These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with PE. GDF-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Xu
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yicheng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non‐communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Mengxin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non‐communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Zhuoqiao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non‐communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yan Chen
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yaling Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non‐communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Chronic DiseaseGusu Center for Disease Control and PreventionSuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Fei Liang
- Huzhou First People's HospitalHuzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiani Qian
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jinchun Ma
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Songliang Liu
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Shilan Yan
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistic, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non‐communicable DiseasesSuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qiuping Ma
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of TaiCangSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
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Mulcahy MC, El Habbal N, Redd JR, Sun H, Gregg BE, Bridges D. GDF15 knockout does not substantially impact perinatal body weight or neonatal outcomes in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591359. [PMID: 38746399 PMCID: PMC11092610 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) increases in circulation during pregnancy and has been implicated in food intake, weight loss, complications of pregnancy, and metabolic illness. We used a Gdf15 knockout mouse model (Gdf15-/- ) to assess the role of GDF15 in body weight regulation and food intake during pregnancy. We found that Gdf15-/- dams consumed a similar amount of food and gained comparable weight during the course of pregnancy compared to Gdf15+/+ dams. Insulin sensitivity on gestational day 16.5 was also similar between genotypes. In the postnatal period, litter size, and survival rates were similar between genotypes. There was a modest reduction in birth weight of Gdf15-/- pups, but this difference was no longer evident postnatal day 3.5 to 14.5. We observed no detectable differences in milk volume production or milk fat percentage. These data suggest that GDF15 is dispensable for changes in food intake, and body weight as well as insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C. Mulcahy
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Noura El Habbal
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - JeAnna R. Redd
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Haijing Sun
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology
| | - Brigid E. Gregg
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology
| | - Dave Bridges
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences
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Lu YC, Liu SL, Zhang YS, Liang F, Zhu XY, Xiao Y, Wang J, Ding C, Banerjee S, Yin JY, Ma QP. Association between growth differentiation factor 15 levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: A combined analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1084896. [PMID: 36742413 PMCID: PMC9895392 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common glucose metabolism disease occurs in pregnancy that affects both maternal and neonatal health. Recently, increasing studies have attached importance to the relationship between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and GDM, but the results were inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between GDF-15 and GDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematical search was performed in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), PubMed and Google Scholar till Oct 27, 2022. We first calculated the mean and standard deviation of GDF-15 expression levels from the included eligible datasets and articles. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted to depict the difference in GDF-15 mRNA or GDF-15 protein expression between case and control groups by using conservative random effect model. Moreover, the potential publication bias was checked with the aid of Begg's test and Egger's test. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed by changing the inclusion criteria. RESULTS In summary, 12 GEO datasets and 5 articles were enrolled in our study, including 789 GDM patients and 1202 non-GDM pregnant women. It was found that the expression levels of GDF-15 mRNA and GDF-15 protein in late pregnancy were significantly higher in GDM patients compared with non-GDM pregnant women, with the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.48 (0.14, 0.83) and 0.82 (0.32-1.33), respectively. Meanwhile, a slightly weakened association between GDF-15 protein levels and GDM was also observed in the middle pregnancy, with SMD (95% CI) of 0.53 (0.04-1.02). CONCLUSION In all, our results suggested that the expression levels of GDF-15 were significantly higher in GDM patients compared with non-GDM pregnant women, especially in the late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Lu
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of TaiCang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song-Liang Liu
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of TaiCang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
- Department of Sample Application and Management, Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sudipta Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital (IPGME & R and SSKM Hospital), Kolkata, India
| | - Jie-Yun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Yun Yin, ; Qiu-Ping Ma,
| | - Qiu-Ping Ma
- Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People’s Hospital of TaiCang, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Yun Yin, ; Qiu-Ping Ma,
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