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Takeuchi N, Miyawaki T, Otori N, Iimura J, Mori E, Moriyama S, Hosokawa Y, Wiederkehr I, Saltychev M, Most SP. Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey in Japanese (J-SCHNOS). J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 90:114-121. [PMID: 38367408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular plastic surgery techniques. The evaluation of both functional and cosmetic aspects of rhinoplasty is essential for planning and assessing surgery results. The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) is a validated questionnaire used to assess both functional and aesthetic symptoms in patients with nasal problems, and it has been translated into several languages. The purpose of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SCHNOS in Japanese among patients undergoing rhinoplasty. METHODS This was a prospective validation study of the Japanese version of the SCHNOS (J-SCHNOS). The first phase involved translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SCHNOS. The second phase included validation of the J-SCHNOS among native Japanese speakers. RESULTS In total, 357 participants completed the final version of the J-SCHNOS (219 males and 138 females; mean age 43.4 years). The J-SCHNOS showed high internal consistency with excellent Cronbach's alpha values for both obstruction (SCHNOS-O) (0.96) and cosmetic (SCHNOS-C) (0.93) domains. The reproducibility was high, with an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.9 for all items. Exploratory factor analysis showed unidimensional structures in both the SCHNOS-O and the SCHNOS-C. CONCLUSION The J-SCHNOS is a reliable and valid tool to assess the severity of nasal problems in patients undergoing rhinoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takeuchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miyawaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Otori
- Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jiro Iimura
- Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eri Mori
- Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Moriyama
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hosokawa
- Department of Septorhinoplasty Clinic, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Iris Wiederkehr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Clinic St. Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Saltychev
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sam P Most
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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