1
|
Li G, Wang G, Chi F, Jia Y, Wang X, Mu Q, Qin K, Zhu X, Pang J, Xu B, Feng G, Niu Y, Gong T, Zhang H, Dong X, Liu T, Ma J, Gao Z, Tao K, Li F, Xu J, Yu B. Higher postoperative plasma EV PD-L1 predicts poor survival in patients with gastric cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002218. [PMID: 33753568 PMCID: PMC7986771 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The satisfactory prognostic indicator of gastric cancer (GC) patients after surgery is still lacking. Perioperative plasma extracellular vesicular programmed cell death ligand-1 (ePD-L1) has been demonstrated as a potential prognosis biomarker in many types of cancers. The prognostic value of postoperative plasma ePD-L1 has not been characterized. Methods We evaluated the prognostic value of preoperative, postoperative and change in plasma ePD-L1, as well as plasma soluble PD-L1, in short-term survival of GC patients after surgery. The Kaplan-Meier survival model and Cox proportional hazards models for both univariate and multivariate analyzes were used. And the comparison between postoperative ePD-L1 and conventional serum biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19-9) and CA72-4) in prognostic of GC patients was made. Results The prognostic value of postoperative ePD-L1 is superior to that of preoperative ePD-L1 on GC patients after resection, and also superior to that of conventional serum biomarkers (CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4). The levels of postoperative ePD-L1 and ePD-L1 change are independent prognostic factors for overall survival and recurrence free survival of GC patients. High plasma level of postoperative ePD-L1 correlates significantly with poor survival, while high change in ePD-L1 level brings the significant survival benefit. Conclusions The level of plasma postoperative ePD-L1 could be considered as a candidate prognostic biomarker of GC patients after resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Li
- Department of hepatobiliary surgery, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor and Immunology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, China
| | - Fenqing Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuqi Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Quankai Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Keru Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baixue Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guangen Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuhu Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiushan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zefeng Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Minimal Invasive Digestive Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baofeng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Cell Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University) of Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P, Carpi A. Minimal residual disease in advanced or metastatic solid cancers: The G0-G1 state and immunotherapy are key to unwinding cancer complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:68-82. [PMID: 32201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, a large amount of research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms that account for homing disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) from solid tumours to distant organs, which successively progress to overt metastatic disease; this is currently incurable. A better understanding of DCC behaviour is expected to allow detectable metastasis prevention by more effectively targeting 'metastatic seeds before they sprout'. As DCC biology co-evolved with that of the primary tumour, and due to the many similarities between them, the term 'niche' has been borrowed from normal adult stem cells (ASCs) to define the site of DCC metastatic colonisation. Moreover, heterogeneity, survival, protection, stemness and plasticity as well as the prolonged G0-G1 dormant state in the metastatic niche have been the main aspects of intense investigation. Consistent with these findings, in solid cancers with minimal residual disease (MRD), it has been proposed to prolong adjuvant therapy by targeting specific molecular pathway(s) involving DCC dormancy. However, so far, few disappointing clinical data have been reported. As an alternative strategy, because immune-surveillance contributes to the steady state of the DCC population and likely to the G0-G1 state of cancer cells, we have used prolonged immune-modulatory cytostatic chemotherapy, active immune stimulation with an INF-β/IL-2 sequence or drugs inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)/Treg-mediated immune suppression. This strategy, mainly aimed at boosting the immune response, is based on recent findings suggesting the downregulation of immune escape mechanisms as well as other principal hallmarks during the G0-G1 state and/or in MRD. Preliminary clinical and/or laboratory data suggest the efficacy of this strategy in gastrointestinal and some endocrine-dependent cancers. Following this, we propose therapeutic schedules to prevent DCC activation and proliferation in solid cancers at a high risk of relapse or as maintenance therapy in metastatic patients after complete response (CR) to conventional treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- National Research Council (CNR), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology and G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|