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Zhou H, Hu D, Zhao X, Qin S, Nong Q, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Dong H, Zhang P, Xu F. An optimal combination of four active components in Huangqin decoction for the synergistic sensitization of irinotecan against colorectal cancer. Chin Med 2024; 19:94. [PMID: 38956673 PMCID: PMC11218176 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a first-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Four components (baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and glycyrrhizic acid) derived from Huangqin Decoction (HQD) have been proven to enhance the anticancer activity of CPT-11 in our previous study. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of the four components for sensitizing CPT-11 as well as to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The orthogonal design method was applied to obtain candidate combinations (Cmb1-9) of the four components. The influence of different combinations on the anticancer effect of CPT-11 was first evaluated in vitro by cell viability, wound healing ability, cloning formation, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. Then, a CRC xenograft mice model was constructed to evaluate the anticancer effect of the optimal combination in vivo. Potential mechanisms of the optimal combination exerting a sensitization effect combined with CPT-11 against CRC were analyzed by targeted metabolomics. RESULTS In vitro experiments determined that Cmb8 comprised of baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and glycyrrhizic acid at the concentrations of 17 μM, 47 μM, 46.5 μM and 9.8 μM respectively was the most effective combination. Importantly, the cell viability assay showed that Cmb8 exhibited synergistic anticancer activity in combination with CPT-11. In in vivo experiments, this combination (15 mg/kg of baicalin, 24 mg/kg of baicalein, 24 mg/kg of wogonin, and 15 mg/kg of glycyrrhizic acid) also showed a synergistic anticancer effect. Meanwhile, inflammatory factors and pathological examination of the colon showed that Cmb8 could alleviate the gastrointestinal damage induced by CPT-11. Metabolic profiling of the tumors suggested that the synergistic anticancer effect of Cmb8 might be related to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSION The optimal combination of four components derived from HQD for the synergistic sensitization of CPT-11 against CRC was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Nong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Ultrasonically Enhanced ZD2767P–Carboxypeptidase G2 Deactivates Cisplatin-Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9191233. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9191233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The prodrug–enzyme regimen ZD2767P+CPG2 is limited by low efficacy. Here, ultrasound was used to modulate ZD2767P+CPG2 (i.e., ZD2767P+CPG2+US) against cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer cells. A549 and A549/DDP (resistant subline) cells received ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US. Either ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US led to cell death and apoptosis, and ZD2767P+CPG2+US produced stronger effects; comet assays revealed that these two means directly caused DNA double-strand break. Z-VAD-fmk and/or ferrostatin-1 increased the cell survival percentage, and Z-VAD-fmk decreased the apoptosis percentage. The level of transferrin was increased in treated cells, but those of ferroportin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were reduced, with higher intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and of iron. Intracellular pharmacokinetics of ZD2767D (activated drug) indicated that the peak level, area under the drug level vs. time curve, and mean residence time in ZD2767P+CPG2+US were higher than those in ZD2767P+CPG2. Both ZD2767P+CPG2 and ZD2767P+CPG2+US were effective on xenograft tumors in nude mice; inhibitory rates were 39.7% and 63.5% in A549 tumors and 50.0% and 70.1% in A549/DDP tumors, respectively. A higher apoptosis level and a lower GPX4 level were noted in tumors receiving treatments. No severe adverse events were observed. These data demonstrated that ZD2767P+CPG2+US deactivated cancer cells via apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways, being a candidate therapy for cisplatin-resistant lung cancer.
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Liu Q, Zhong X, Zhang Y, Li X, Qian G, Yu T. Ultrasound Enhances ZD2767P-Carboxypeptidase G2 against Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer Cells by Altering the Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of ZD2767D. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1922-1932. [PMID: 32302486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prodrug-carboxypeptidase G2 (e.g., ZD2767P+CPG2) can realize a targeted treatment where the specific advantage is a lack of CPG2 analogues in humans, but it is limited by low efficacy. Here ultrasound was employed to enhance ZD2767P+CPG2 (i.e., ZD2767P+CPG2+US) against chemoresistant human ovarian cancer cells. The release dynamics of ZD2767D (activated drug) by CPG2 were investigated. The in vitro efficacy was explored in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP (cisplatin-resistant subline) cells; spectrophotometry was established to quantify ZD2767P and ZD2767D, and then intracellular pharmacokinetics were evaluated. The in vivo efficacy was validated in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. With insonation, the ZD2767D concentration was increased during an early period. Insonation synergized ZD2767P+CPG2 to enhance cell death and apoptosis, and efficacies in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were similar. Intracellular pharmacokinetics of ZD2767D were nonproportional, and insonation increased the peak level, area under the level vs time curve, and mean residence time. In subcutaneous xenografts, ZD2767P+CPG2 and ZD2767P+CPG2+US resulted in volume-inhibitory rates of 20.4% and 26.5% in SKOV3 tumors and 36.8% and 81.6% in SKOV3/DDP tumors, respectively. In the orthotopic tumor model, the survival time in group ZD2767P+CPG2 or ZD2767P+CPG2+US was prolonged compared with group control, in SKOV3 (33.0 ± 3.5 or 39.2 ± 1.8 vs 25.0 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.0001) and SKOV3/DDP (16.2 ± 4.8 or 22.3 ± 7.3 vs 8.7 ± 3.9 days, p = 0.0015) tumors. These data indicated that ZD2767P+CPG2+US was effective against resistant ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Liu
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhong
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xinya Li
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Guanhua Qian
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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The crucial role of macromolecular engineering, drug encapsulation and dilution on the thermoresponsiveness of UCST diblock copolymer nanoparticles used for hyperthermia. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:281-290. [PMID: 31279918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(AAm-co-AN)), an upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type copolymer in water, was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization and used as a macro-RAFT agent for the polymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) to yield amphiphilic diblock P(AAm-co-AN)-b-POEGMA copolymer. A series of copolymers with different AN content was obtained allowing to finely tune the UCST behavior (cloud point (Tt-UCST) from 35 to 78 °C). Addition of the POEGMA block did not modify the Tt-UCST regardless its Mn but provided a lower critical solution temperature behavior at high temperature. Nanoparticles were then formulated by the nanoprecipitation technique revealing that copolymers with higher Tt-UCST yield smaller, better-defined nanoparticles. Eventually, doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into nanoparticles made from the copolymer having a Tt-UCST close to mild hyperthermia (~43 °C). Surprisingly, Dox encapsulation increased Tt-UCST and gave smaller nanoparticles as opposed to their unloaded counterparts. The dilution of the suspension also led to a decrease of Tt-UCST. No obvious hyperthermia effect was observed on the cytotoxicity of Dox-loaded nanoparticles. Our study highlighted the influence of macromolecular engineering, drug encapsulation and nanoparticle dilution on UCST behavior, important features often overlooked despite their crucial impact in the development of thermosensitive nanoscale drug delivery systems.
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Qian G, Dai L, Yu T. Thioridazine Sensitizes Cisplatin Against Chemoresistant Human Lung and Ovary Cancer Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:718-724. [PMID: 31188023 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Qian
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Qianjiang National Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Leheyi Dai
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qian G, Wang L, Zheng X, Yu T. Deactivation of cisplatin-resistant human lung/ovary cancer cells with pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-photodynamic therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:984-989. [PMID: 29059002 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1385683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether photodynamic therapy (PDT) alone or combined with cisplatin (DDP), can deactivate cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. Human cancer cell lines A549 and SKOV3, and chemoresistant sublines A549/DDP and SKOV3/DDP, were subjected to PDT, DDP, or PDT combined with DDP. Cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed, and then intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins related to apoptosis were determined. PDT caused cell death, and PDT combined with DDP led to the highest percentage of dead cells in 4 cell lines; similar results were detected in ROS; a quantification evaluation manifested that the combined effect was addition. DDP increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and the ROS level in A549 and SKOV3 cells, which was not observed in A549/DDP and SKOV3/DDP cells. Western blot revealed an increase of caspase 3 and Bax, and a decrease of Bcl-2, demonstrating the occurrence of apoptosis. The data suggest that PDT can efficiently deactivate resistant cells and enhance the action of DDP against resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Qian
- a Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Li Wang
- a Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xueling Zheng
- a Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- a Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yu T, Luo L, Wang L. Ultrasound as a cancer chemotherapy sensitizer: the gap between laboratory and bedside. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:37-47. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Circumvention of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by combination of cyclosporin A and low-intensity ultrasound. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 91:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Luo J, Ren X, Yu T. Efficacy of extracorporeal ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: An evaluation based on controlled trials in China. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:480-5. [PMID: 25758333 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1021962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of extracorporeal ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) based upon data in controlled clinical trials in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data in 75 controlled trials involving in 833 cases of benign and 4559 cases of malignant diseases were re-evaluated. RESULTS In uterine fibroid, ectopic pregnancy and chyluria, the efficacy of HIFU was similar to that of surgery or drugs. The survival rate of HIFU plus radiotherapy was less than that of radical surgery in operable liver cancer. In inoperable liver cancer, the survival benefit of HIFU was similar to that of radio frequency, transarterial chemoembolization or γ-knife. In pancreatic cancer, HIFU and chemotherapy produced similar survival rates, and HIFU did not improve the effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. HIFU did not enhance hormone therapy in prostate cancer. Preoperative HIFU increased rates of complete removal and of survival in retroperitoneal sarcoma, and increased the response rate in breast cancer. The response rate agreed with the survival benefit (κ = 0.71, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS HIFU should be curtailed in resectable cases and be an alternative in inoperable cases; a combination regimen should not be recommended. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors can be applied to HIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Kaminski GA. Computational Studies of the Effect of Shock Waves on the Binding of Model Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4972-4981. [PMID: 25400519 PMCID: PMC4230379 DOI: 10.1021/ct500461s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have simulated effects of a shock wave in water that would result from the collapse of a cavitation bubble on binding in model complexes. We have considered a benzene dimer, a pair of uracil molecules, a complex of fragments of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and caspase-9, and a fragment of c-Myc oncoprotein in binding with its dimerization partner Max. The effect of the shock waves was simulated by adding a momentum to a slab of solvent water molecules and observing the system as the slab moved and caused changes. In the cases of the small molecular pairs, the passage of the shock waves lead to dissociation of the complexes. The behavior of the protein systems was more complex, yet significant disruption of the binding and geometry was also observed. In all the cases, the effects did not occur during the immediate impact of the high-momentum solvent molecules, but rather during the expansion of the compressed system that followed the passage of the waves. The rationale of the studies was in attempting to understand the strong effects that irradiation with a low-intensity ultrasound can have on biomolecular systems, because such ultrasound irradiation can cause cavitation bubbles to be produced and collapse, thus leading to local shock wave generation. The long-term objective is to contribute to future design of synergetic ultrasound and chemical drug strategy of protein inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Kaminski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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He H, Huang H, Yu T. Detection of DNA damage in sonochemotherapy against cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells using the modified comet assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:897-902. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.922721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Extracorporeal ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound: implications from the present clinical trials. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:537260. [PMID: 24982965 PMCID: PMC3997150 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal ultrasound-guided high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been clinically used for 15 years, and over 36000 cases have been reported. However, there yet lacked a consensus in the clinical values, suggesting the necessity of checking clinical findings. Clinical trials were searched and data reevaluated. HIFU was hardly performed alone; almost all present anticancer means have been applied during an HIFU treatment, and a specific regimen varied between trials; there were heterogeneity and disagreement between trials. The complexity made it difficult to distinguish the effect of HIFU. Based upon evaluable data, the efficacy of HIFU was similar to that of radio frequency, chemoembolization, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy; a combined therapy did not improve the efficacy. The survival rate of HIFU plus radiotherapy was lower than that of radical surgery in liver cancers. Adverse events had no downtrend in the past years. HIFU was not a standardized procedure where the intensity and insonation mode were modified constantly throughout a treatment, limiting an evaluation from the perspective of ultrasonics. These implied that HIFU should be applied as an alternative at most occasions. The present clinical trials had defects making against the understating of HIFU.
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Yang S, Wang P, Wang X, Zhang K, Zhang X, Liu Q. Efficacy of combined therapy with paclitaxel and low-level ultrasound in human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. J Drug Target 2013; 21:874-84. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.830309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Linghu L, Tan Y, Lou Y, Hu L, Yang H, Yu T. Nanosecond electric pulses induce DNA breaks in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:695-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yu T, Zhang Y, He H, Zhou S, Liu Y, Huang P. Anticancer potency of cytotoxic drugs after exposure to high-intensity focused ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles and hematoporphyrin. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1408-15. [PMID: 21702446 DOI: 10.1021/mp2001846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is undertaken perioperatively to improve the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for solid tumors. HIFU at a sufficient intensity for tissue ablation has recently been applied for drug delivery; ultrasonic cavitation plays an important part in HIFU and drug delivery. Hematoporphyrin and microbubbles are adjuncts because they aid cavitation. The effect of HIFU (1.0 MHz; 12,999 W/cm(2) in continuous waves), in the presence of hematoporphyrin and/or microbubbles, on the anticancer potency of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, paclitaxel, mitomycin C or adriamycin, was investigated. Insonated adriamycin resulted in a lower death rate of human cancer cells HO-8910 (45.85 ± 2.65% vs 34.84 ± 1.21%, p < 0.05), which was exacerbated when employing hematoporphyrin (34.84 ± 1.21% vs 23.09 ± 7.82%, p < 0.05) or hematoporphyrin combined with microbubbles (34.84 ± 1.21% vs. 8.79 ± 3.69%, p < 0.05); the therapeutic activity was not affected when adding microbubbles alone. High-performance liquid chromatography detected a smaller peak area after subjecting adriamycin to HIFU with the use of hematoporphyrin alone or combined with microbubbles. The other drugs were not affected. Hematoporphyrin, microbubbles and adriamycin increased the throughput of hydroxyl radicals resulting from cavitation as determined by iodine and methylene blue assays. These data suggested that the anticancer activity of a drug may be decreased by HIFU exposure (particularly in the presence of hematoporphyrin and microbubbles). Cavitation produced reactive species that attacked drug molecules, thereby decreasing their antitumor potency; this process was enhanced if the drug itself generated free radicals under insonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghe Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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