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Kraus A, Damert HG, Meyer F. Interdisciplinary aspects of abdominal and plastic surgery - what does the (abdominal) surgeon need to know? Innov Surg Sci 2023; 8:103-112. [PMID: 38058780 PMCID: PMC10696945 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim was to reflect the established interdisciplinary aspects of general/abdominal and plastic surgery by means of a narrative review. Methods: (i) With specific references out of the medical literature and (ii) own clinical and perioperative as well as operating technical and tactical management experiences obtained in surgical daily practice, we present a choice of options for interdisciplinary cooperation that could be food of thought for other surgeons. Content - Decubital ulcers require pressure relieve, debridement and plastic surgery coverage, e.g., by a rotation flap plasty, V-Y flap or "tensor-fascia-lata" (TFL) flap depending on localization (sacral/gluteal defects, ischiadic tuber). - Coverage of soft tissue defects, e.g., after lymph node dissection, tumor lesions or disturbance of wound healing can be managed with fasciocutaneous or muscle flaps. - Bariatric surgery: Surgical interventions such as butt lift, tummy tuck should be explained and demonstrated in advance and performed commonly after reduction of the body weight. - Abdominoperineal rectum extirpation (APE): Holm's procedure with greater circumferential extent of resection at the mesorectum and the insertion site of the levator muscle at the anal sphicter muscle resulting in a substantial defect is covered by myocutaneous flap plasty. - Hernia surgery: Complicated/recurrent hernias or abdominal wall defect can be covered by flap plasty to achieve functional reconstruction, e.g., using innervated muscle. Thus, abdominal wall can respond better onto changes of pressure and tension. - Necrotising fasciitis: Even in case of suspicious fasciitis, an immediate radical debridement must be performed, followed by intensive care with calculated antibiotic treatment; after appropriate stabilization tissue defects can be covered by mesh graft of flap plasty. - Soft tissue tumor lesions cannot be resected with primary closure to achieve appropriate as intended R0 resection status by means of local radical resection all the time - plastic surgery expertise has to be included into interdisciplinary tumor concepts. - Liposuction/-filling: Liposuction can be used with aesthetic intention after bariatric surgery or for lipedema. Lipofilling is possible for reconstruction and for aesthetic purpose. - Reconstruction of lymphatic vessels: Lymphedema after tumor operations interrupting or blocking lymphatic drainage can be treated with microsurgical reconstructions (such as lympho-venous anastomoses, lympho-lymphatic anastomoses or free microvascular lymph node transfer). - Microsurgery: It is substantial part of modern reconstructive plastic surgery, i.e., surgery of peripheral nerves belongs to this field. For visceral surgery, it can become important for reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. - Sternum osteomyelitis: Radical debridement (eventually, complete sternal resection) with conditioning of the wound by vacuum-assisted closure followed by plastic surgery coverage can prevent chronification, threatening mediastinitis, persisting infectious risk, long-term suffering or limited quality of life. Summary The presented selection of single topics can only be an excerpt of all the options for surgical cooperation in daily clinical and surgical practice. Outlook An interdisciplinary approach of abdominal and plastic surgery is characterized by a highly developed cooperation in common surgical interventions including various techniques and tactics highlighting the specifics of the two fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kraus
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto von Guericke University at Magdeburg with University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Damert
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Regional Hospital (Helios-Bördeklinik), Oschersleben/Neindorf, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- Department of General, Abdominal, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Otto von Guericke University at Magdeburg with University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
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Apelqvist J, Willy C, Fagerdahl AM, Fraccalvieri M, Malmsjö M, Piaggesi A, Probst A, Vowden P. EWMA Document: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy. J Wound Care 2019; 26:S1-S154. [PMID: 28345371 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.sup3.s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Introduction Since its introduction in clinical practice in the early 1990's negative pressure wounds therapy (NPWT) has become widely used in the management of complex wounds in both inpatient and outpatient care.1 NPWT has been described as a effective treatment for wounds of many different aetiologies2,3 and suggested as a gold standard for treatment of wounds such as open abdominal wounds,4-6 dehisced sternal wounds following cardiac surgery7,8 and as a valuable agent in complex non-healing wounds.9,10 Increasingly, NPWT is being applied in the primary and home-care setting, where it is described as having the potential to improve the efficacy of wound management and help reduce the reliance on hospital-based care.11 While the potential of NPWT is promising and the clinical use of the treatment is widespread, highlevel evidence of its effectiveness and economic benefits remain sparse.12-14 The ongoing controversy regarding high-level evidence in wound care in general is well known. There is a consensus that clinical practice should be evidence-based, which can be difficult to achieve due to confusion about the value of the various approaches to wound management; however, we have to rely on the best available evidence. The need to review wound strategies and treatments in order to reduce the burden of care in an efficient way is urgent. If patients at risk of delayed wound healing are identified earlier and aggressive interventions are taken before the wound deteriorates and complications occur, both patient morbidity and health-care costs can be significantly reduced. There is further a fundamental confusion over the best way to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in this complex patient population. This is illustrated by reviews of the value of various treatment strategies for non-healing wounds, which have highlighted methodological inconsistencies in primary research. This situation is confounded by differences in the advice given by regulatory and reimbursement bodies in various countries regarding both study design and the ways in which results are interpreted. In response to this confusion, the European Wound Management Association (EWMA) has been publishing a number of interdisciplinary documents15-19 with the intention of highlighting: The nature and extent of the problem for wound management: from the clinical perspective as well as that of care givers and the patients Evidence-based practice as an integration of clinical expertise with the best available clinical evidence from systematic research The nature and extent of the problem for wound management: from the policy maker and healthcare system perspectives The controversy regarding the value of various approaches to wound management and care is illustrated by the case of NPWT, synonymous with topical negative pressure or vacuum therapy and cited as branded VAC (vacuum-assisted closure) therapy. This is a mode of therapy used to encourage wound healing. It is used as a primary treatment of chronic wounds, in complex acute wounds and as an adjunct for temporary closure and wound bed preparation preceding surgical procedures such as skin grafts and flap surgery. Aim An increasing number of papers on the effect of NPWT are being published. However, due to the low evidence level the treatment remains controversial from the policy maker and health-care system's points of view-particularly with regard to evidence-based medicine. In response EWMA has established an interdisciplinary working group to describe the present knowledge with regard to NPWT and provide overview of its implications for organisation of care, documentation, communication, patient safety, and health economic aspects. These goals will be achieved by the following: Present the rational and scientific support for each delivered statement Uncover controversies and issues related to the use of NPWT in wound management Implications of implementing NPWT as a treatment strategy in the health-care system Provide information and offer perspectives of NPWT from the viewpoints of health-care staff, policy makers, politicians, industry, patients and hospital administrators who are indirectly or directly involved in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Apelqvist
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden and Division for Clinical Sciences, University of Lund, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Willy
- Department of Trauma & Orthopedic Surgery, Septic & Reconstructive Surgery, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Research and Treatment Center for Complex Combat Injuries, Federal Armed Forces of Germany, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Mari Fagerdahl
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, and Wound Centre, Södersjukhuset AB, SE-118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Fraccalvieri
- Plastic Surgery Unit, ASO Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Piaggesi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pisa University Hospital, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Astrid Probst
- Kreiskliniken Reutlingen GmbH, 72764 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Peter Vowden
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, and Honorary Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, United Kingdom
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Li Y, Li PY, Sun SJ, Yao YZ, Li ZF, Liu T, Yang F, Zhang LY, Bai XJ, Huo JS, He WB, Ouyang J, Peng L, Hu P, Zhu YA, Jin P, Shao QF, Wang YF, Dai RW, Hu PY, Chen HM, Wang GF, Wang YG, Jin HX, Zhu CJ, Zhang QY, Shao B, Sang XG, Yin CL. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association for management guidelines of vacuum sealing drainage application in abdominal surgeries-Update and systematic review. Chin J Traumatol 2019; 22:1-11. [PMID: 30850324 PMCID: PMC6529401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries. Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion? Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2-4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5-11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Trauma Center of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Li
- Trauma Center of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Jing Sun
- Trauma Center of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Zhang Yao
- Trauma Center of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan-Fei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian-Yang Zhang
- Trauma Center of PLA, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing-Shan Huo
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Wu-Bing He
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Emergency Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-An Zhu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Yuyao People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Feng Shao
- Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Rui-Wu Dai
- Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Tiantai County People's Hospital, Tiantai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Ming Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ge-Fei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Gao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Xu Jin
- Shenyang Military General Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-Ju Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yong Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Biao Shao
- The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | | | - Chang-Lin Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Jannasch O, Meyer F, Fuellert A, König B, Eder F, Tautenhahn J. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) for postoperative secondary peritonitis: Effect on bacterial load as well as local and systemic cytokine response (initial results). POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2018; 90:27-35. [PMID: 30426943 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still a matter of debate what the best management of peritonitis is following eliminating the source of infection. This particularly concerns the amplitude of local and systemic inflammatory response as well as bacterial clearence at the infectious site. AIM To investigate the effects of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) vs. relaparotomy on demand (ROD) onto the i) severity and course of disease, ii) surgical outcome, iii) intraperitoneal bacterial load as well as iv) local and systemic inflammatory and immune response in postoperative secondary peritonitis. METHODS Over a defined time period, all consecutive patients of the reporting surgical department with a secondary peritonitis (assessed by Mannheim's Peritonitis Index [MPI] and APPACHE II score) were enrolled in this systematic unicenter clinical prospective observational pilot study reflecting daily surgical practice and as a contribution to internal quality assurance. Patients were subclassified into VAC or ROD group according to surgeon's individual decision at the time point of primary surgical intervention with the intent to sanitize the source of infection. Early postoperative result was assessed by 30-d and in-hospital mortality. Bacterial load was characterized by microbiological culture of intraperitoneal fluid collection obtained on postoperative days (POD) 0 (primary surgical intervention), 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and following description of the microbial spectrum including semiquantitative assessment of bacterial load. Local and systemic inflammatory and immune response was determined by ELISA-based analysis of CrP, PCT and the representative cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 of serum and peritoneal fluid samples. RESULTS Over a 26-months investigation period, 18 patients (sex ratio, male:female=9:9) were eligible for study criteria: n=8 were enrolled in the VAC (m:f=4:4) and n=10 in the ROD group (m:f=5:5). With regard to early postoperative results represented by mortality, there is no significant difference between both patients groups. Despite the relatively low number of cases enrolled in this study, a trend for more severe findings associated with the VAC group could be detected based on MPI score. There was also a trend of higher APACHE II scores in the VAC group from the 7th POD on and, in addition, patients of this group had a longer hospital stay. For patients with persisting infection, there were no relevant differences comparing VAC therapy and ROD. Cytokines released, in particular, at the beginning of the inflammation cascade with proinflammatory characteristics, showed higher values within the peritoneal fluid whereas CrP and PCT were found to be higher within the serum samples. Summary & Conclusion: Comparing data of various local and systemic inflammatory and immune parameters, there were only a few correlations. This may indicate a compartimentation of the inflammatory process within the abdominal cavity. Based on the observed inter-individual variation of this pilot study data, the clinically applicable benefit appears questionable. In this context, a reliable effect of VAC therapy onto reduction of bacterial burden within the abdominal cavity could not clearly be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Jannasch
- Elisabeth Hospital at Kassel (Germany) Dept. of Gemeral and Abdominal Surgery
| | - Frank Meyer
- University Hospital at Magdeburg, Magdeburg (Germany) Dept. of General, Abdominal and Vascular Surgery
| | - Angela Fuellert
- Municipal Hospital ("Klinikum") at Magdeburg (Germany) Dept. of Vascular Surgery
| | - Brigitte König
- University Hospital at Leipzig (Germany) Institute of Microbiology
| | - Frank Eder
- Municipal Hospital (AMEOS-Klinikum) at Halberstadt (Germany) Dept. of General, Abdominal and Vascular Surgery
| | - Jörg Tautenhahn
- Municipal Hospital ("Klinikum") at Magdeburg (Germany) Dept. of Vascular Surgery
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Hoppe DL, Huppertz A, Ghods M. Peristomal leakage of enteroatmospheric fistulas treated with lipotransfer combined to minimal-invasive scar release technique. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-017-1345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Willms A, Schaaf S, Schwab R, Richardsen I, Jänig C, Bieler D, Wagner B, Güsgen C. Intensive care and health outcomes of open abdominal treatment: long-term results of vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM). Langenbecks Arch Surg 2017; 402:481-492. [PMID: 28382564 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-017-1575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study's purpose is to evaluate the long-term outcome after vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM) and to identify predictors of quality of life associated with intensive care. METHODS Fifty-five patients who underwent open abdomen management at our institution from 2006 to 2013 were prospectively enrolled in this study. After a median follow-up period of 3.8 years, 27 patients completed the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire. As this is a report solely focused on quality of life, direct treatment-related outcome measures like mortality, closure rates, and incisional hernia development of this study cohort have been reported previously. RESULTS = 0.50, β = -0.70, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Despite high short-term mortality and morbidity rates for these critically ill patients, open abdomen treatment using VAWCM allows patients to recover to an acceptable long-term quality of life. The complex intensive care score can be used as a surrogate parameter for the global severity of illness and was the only predictor of physical functioning (SF-36).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willms
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - S Schaaf
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - R Schwab
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - I Richardsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - C Jänig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - D Bieler
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Hand Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - B Wagner
- Support Division of the Directorate-General for Strategy and Operations, Federal Ministry of Defense, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Güsgen
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
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Björck M, Kirkpatrick AW, Cheatham M, Kaplan M, Leppäniemi A, De Waele JJ. Amended Classification of the Open Abdomen. Scand J Surg 2016; 105:5-10. [PMID: 26929286 DOI: 10.1177/1457496916631853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2009, a classification system for the open abdomen was introduced. The aim of such a classification is to aid the (1) description of the patient's clinical course; (2) standardization of clinical guidelines for guiding open abdomen management; and (3) facilitation of comparisons between studies and heterogeneous patient populations, thus serving as an aid in clinical research. METHODS As part of the revision of the definitions and clinical guidelines performed by the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, this 2009 classification system was amended following a review of experiences in teaching and research and published as part of updated consensus statements and clinical practice guidelines in 2013. Among 29 articles citing the 2009 classification system, nine were cohort studies. They were reviewed as part of the classification revision process. A total of 542 patients (mean: 60, range: 9-160) had been classified. Two problems with the previous classification system were identified: the definition of enteroatmospheric fistulae, and that an enteroatmospheric fistula was graded less severe than a frozen abdomen. RESULTS The following amended classification was proposed: Grade 1, without adherence between bowel and abdominal wall or fixity of the abdominal wall (lateralization), subdivided as follows: 1A, clean; 1B, contaminated; and 1C, with enteric leak. An enteric leak controlled by closure, exteriorization into a stoma, or a permanent enterocutaneous fistula is considered clean. Grade 2, developing fixation, subdivided as follows: 2A, clean; 2B, contaminated; and 2C, with enteric leak. Grade 3, frozen abdomen, subdivided as follows: 3A clean and 3B contaminated. Grade 4, an established enteroatmospheric fistula, is defined as a permanent enteric leak into the open abdomen, associated with granulation tissue. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe that, with these changes, the requirements on a functional and dynamic classification system, useful in both research and training, will be fulfilled. We encourage future investigators to apply the system and report on its merits and constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Björck
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A W Kirkpatrick
- Regional Trauma Services, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Cheatham
- Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - M Kaplan
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Leppäniemi
- Abdominal Center, Meilahti Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J J De Waele
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Ratio-driven resuscitation predicts early fascial closure in the combat wounded. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016; 79:S188-92. [PMID: 26406429 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom have seen the highest rates of combat casualties since Vietnam. These casualties often require massive transfusion (MT) and immediate surgical attention to control hemorrhage. Clinical practice guidelines dictate ratio-driven resuscitation (RDR) for patients requiring MT. With the transition from crystalloid to blood product resuscitation, we have seen fewer open abdomens in combat casualties. We sought to determine the effect RDR has on achieving early definitive abdominal fascial closure in combat casualties undergoing exploratory laparotomy. METHODS Records of 1,977 combat casualties admitted to a single US military hospital from April 2003 to December 2011 were reviewed. Patients receiving an MT and laparotomy in theater constituted the study cohort. The cohort was divided into RDR, defined as a ratio of 0.8-U to 1.2-U packed red blood cells to 1-U fresh frozen plasma, and No-RDR groups. Age, injury patterns, mechanism of injury, injury severity, blood products, number of laparotomies, and days to fascial closure were collected. Assessed outcomes were number of days (early ≤ 2 days) and number of laparotomies to achieve fascial closure. RESULTS The mean age of the study cohort (n = 172) was 24.0 years, and mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 24.8. Improvised explosive device blast was the most common mechanism of injury (74.4%). The cohort was divided into RDR patients (n = 73) and no RDR (n = 99). There was no difference in mean age, mean ISS, or rate of nontherapeutic exploratory laparotomies between the groups. RDR patients had a significantly lower abdominal injury rate (34.2% vs. 72.7%, p < 0.01), had fewer laparotomies (2.7 vs. 4.3, p = 0.003), and achieved primary fascial closure faster (2.4 days vs. 7.2 days, p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, RDR (2.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-5.2) was an independent predictor for early fascial closure. CONCLUSION Adherence to RDR guidelines resulted in significantly decreased number of abdominal operations and was identified as an independent predictor for early fascial closure. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level III.
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Abstract
Hernia formation after surgical procedures continues to be an important cause of surgical morbidity. Incisional reinforcement at the time of the initial operation has been used in some patient populations to reduce the risk of subsequent hernia formation. In this article, reinforcement techniques in different surgical wounds are examined to identify situations in which hernia formation may be prevented. Mesh use for midline closure, pelvic floor reconstruction, and stoma site reinforcement is discussed. Additionally, the use of retention sutures, closure of the open abdomen, and reinforcement after component separation are examined using current literature. Although existing studies do not support the routine use of mesh reinforcement for all surgical incisions, certain patient populations appear to benefit from reinforcement with lower rates of subsequent hernia formation. The identification and characterization of these groups will guide the future use of mesh reinforcement in surgical incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Feldmann
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange County, California
| | - Monica T Young
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange County, California
| | - Alessio Pigazzi
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange County, California
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10
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Willms A, Güsgen C, Schaaf S, Bieler D, von Websky M, Schwab R. Management of the open abdomen using vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2014; 400:91-9. [PMID: 25128414 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-014-1240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The open abdomen has become an accepted treatment option of critically ill patients with severe intra-abdominal conditions. Fascial closure is a particular challenge in patients with peritonitis. This study investigates whether fascial closure rates can be increased in peritonitis patients by using an algorithm that combines vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction. Moreover, fascial closure rates for patients with peritonitis, trauma or abdominal compartment system (ACS) are compared. METHODS Data were collected prospectively from all patients who underwent open abdomen management at our institution from 2006 to 2012. All patients were treated under a standardised algorithm that combines vacuum-assisted closure and mesh placement at the fascial level. RESULTS During the study period, 53 patients (mean age 53 years) underwent open abdomen management for a mean duration of 15 days. Indications for leaving the abdomen open were peritonitis (51 %), trauma (26 %), and ACS or abdominal wall dehiscence (23 %). The fascial closure rate was 79 % in an intention-to-treat analysis and 89 % in a per-protocol analysis. Mortality was 13 %. No patient developed an enteroatmospheric fistula or abdominal wall dehiscence after closure. The mean duration of treatment was significantly longer in peritonitis patients (20 days) than in patients without peritonitis (10 days) (p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in fascial closure rates between patients with peritonitis (87 %), trauma (85 %), and ACS or abdominal wall dehiscence (100 %) (p = 0.647). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the underlying pathology, high fascial closure rates can be achieved using a combination of vacuum-assisted closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willms
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, German Armed Forces Central Hospital of Koblenz, Ruebenacher Strasse 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany,
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