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Laaksi A, Laaksi I, Pihlajamäki H, Vaara JP, Luukkaala T, Kyröläinen H. Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance and anabolic hormones in young men. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1049503. [PMID: 36824467 PMCID: PMC9941541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined the association of vitamin D measured by serum 25(OH)D with physical performance outcomes and serum levels of anabolic hormones in young men. Methods: 412 young men (age 19 ± 1 year) entering their compulsory military service volunteered to participate in the study. The study consisted of two groups from two different military bases: Group A was studied in January and group B in July. The groups were first compared with each other and due to statistically significant (p < 0.001 analyzed with independent samples t-test) differences in physical condition (sit-up, push-up, and standing long jump-tests and testosterone levels) between the groups, groups were analyzed separately. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, testosterone (TES), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Physical performance tests consisted of muscular fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump) and aerobic fitness (12-minute-running) tests. The association of serum 25(OH)D with physical performance tests and anabolic hormones was analyzed using linear regression. Results: After controlling for the group, body mass index, and leisure-time physical activity, serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with aerobic and muscular fitness (β = 0.15-0.20, all p < 0.05). Also, the participants with sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (≥75 nmol/L) had better aerobic and muscular fitness and higher TES in group B, and better upper extremity muscular fitness in group A (all p < 0.05). In group A, there were 166 participants with serum levels of 25(OH) D < 75 nmol/L and 18 ≥ 75 nmol/L. In group B, the amounts were 92 (<75 nmol/L) and 136 (≥75 nmol/L), respectively. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with both aerobic and muscular fitness and those with sufficient vitamin D levels, had higher levels of TES. Thus, maintaining a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level may be beneficial for physical performance and anabolic state in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akseli Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,*Correspondence: Akseli Laaksi,
| | - Ilkka Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Harri Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jani P. Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Shahinfar H, Shahavandi M, Tijani AJ, Jafari A, Davarzani S, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Shab-Bidar S. The association between dietary inflammatory index, muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body composition in Iranian adults. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:463-472. [PMID: 33834376 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary factors may modulate inflammation status which contributed to the various chronic diseases like sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and muscle strength (MS), muscle endurance (ME), and body composition. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 270 adults living in Tehran, Iran. The DII was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Body composition (fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM)) was measured using body composition analyzer. Anthropometric measures (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), were done. MS was measured by a digital handgrip dynamometer in both right (MSR) and left (MSL) hand. Mean of MSR and MSL was considered as MS. RESULTS A significant decrease was found for MS (p < 0.01) and MSR (p < 0.01) across tertiles of DII. Participants who had greater scores of DII also had lower MER (p < 0.01), even after adjustment for confounding factors (age, sex, education status, income, smoking, physical activity, body mass index and energy intake) (p < 0.02). Adherence to DII was significantly related to MSL (p < 0.01), ME (p < 0.01), and ME of the MEL (p = 0.02) in the crude model, which was disappeared after controlling for covariates. Those in the third compared to the lowest tertile of DII, had no significant difference in mean of FFM (p < 0.001), SMM (p < 0.001), and WC (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher DII scores were associated with less muscle strength and endurance among Iranian adults. Further studies are needed to confirm the veracity of our results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Descriptive cross-sectional study, Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shahavandi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliyu Jibril Tijani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Davarzani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV15FB, UK
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Gagnon SS, Nindl BC, Vaara JP, Santtila M, Häkkinen K, Kyröläinen H. Basal Endogenous Steroid Hormones, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Physical Fitness, and Health Risk Factors in Young Adult Men. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1005. [PMID: 30100880 PMCID: PMC6072857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Few large-scale population-based studies have adequately examined the relationships between steroid hormones, health status and physical fitness. The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship of serum basal endogenous steroid hormones (testosterone, TES; empirical free testosterone, EFT; cortisol, COR) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and physical fitness in young healthy men. Methods: Male reservists (25 ± 4 years, N = 846) participated in the study. Basal TES, EFT, COR, and SHBG were measured in morning fasted blood. Stepwise regression analyses were used to examine associations between individual hormones to four separate categories: (1) body composition; (2) cardiovascular risk factors; (3) relative, and (4) absolute physical fitness. Results: Higher TES, EFT, and SHBG were associated with lower waist circumference (TES: β = -0.239, p < 0.001; EFT: β = -0.385, p < 0.001), % body fat (TES: β = -0.163, p = 0.003), and body mass index (SHBG: β = -0.435, p < 0.001). Lower cardiovascular risk factors were associated with higher TES, EFT and SHBG concentrations, especially between SHBG and triglycerides (β = -0.277, p < 0.001) and HDL (β = 0.154, p < 0.001). Greater maximal relative aerobic capacity was concurrent with higher TES, EFT, and SHBG (β = 0.171, 0.113, 0.263, p < 0.001, =0.005, <0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Higher basal concentrations of TES, EFT, and SHBG were weakly associated with healthier body composition, fewer cardiovascular risk factors and greater relative aerobic capacity in healthy young men. It would be interesting to investigate whether these relationships are still evident after a few decades, and how different training modes (endurance, strength or their combination) positively affect physical fitness, body composition and their regulatory mechanisms over the decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila S Gagnon
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Wolf Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jani P Vaara
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Santtila
- Personnel Division, Defence Command, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
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Kamiya K, Masuda T, Tanaka S, Hamazaki N, Matsue Y, Mezzani A, Matsuzawa R, Nozaki K, Maekawa E, Noda C, Yamaoka-Tojo M, Arai Y, Matsunaga A, Izumi T, Ako J. Quadriceps Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med 2015; 128:1212-9. [PMID: 26169888 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of quadriceps isometric strength (QIS) in coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS The study population consisted of 1314 patients aged >30 years (64.7 ± 10.6 years, 1051 male) with CAD who were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome or coronary artery bypass grafting. Maximal QIS was evaluated as a marker of leg strength and expressed relative to body weight (% body weight). The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause death and cardiovascular (CV) death, respectively. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 5.0 ± 3.5 years, corresponding to 6537 person-years, there were 118 all-cause deaths and 63 CV deaths. A higher QIS remained associated with decreased all-cause mortality and CV mortality risks (hazard ratio for increasing 10% body weight of QIS 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.89, P < .001 for all-cause death; hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.82, P < .001 for CV death) after adjustment for other prognostic factors. The inclusion of QIS significantly increased both continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) for all-cause death (cNRI: 0.25, P = .009; IDI: 0.007, P = .030) and CV death (cNRI: 0.34, P = .008; IDI: 0.013, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS A high level of quadriceps strength was strongly associated with a lower risk of both all-cause and CV mortality in patients with CAD. Evaluation of QIS offered incremental prognostic information beyond pre-existing risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.
| | - Takashi Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Hamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsue
- Department of Cardiology, Kameda Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alessandro Mezzani
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Cardiac Rehabilitation Division, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Veruno, Italy
| | - Ryota Matsuzawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kohei Nozaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Emi Maekawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Noda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasuo Arai
- Department of Health Information Management, Kitasato University Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Matsunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Tohru Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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