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Siddiqui AR, Kariem K, Fayaz M, Scalia G, Chaurasia B. Transorbital penetrating intracranial injury involving bilateral frontal lobes with evisceration of right eye: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9018. [PMID: 38827937 PMCID: PMC11142902 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary surgical intervention, and appropriate imaging are crucial in managing transorbital-penetrating intracranial injuries (TOPIs), minimizing morbidity, and optimizing patient outcomes. Abstract Transorbital-penetrating intracranial injuries (TOPIs) are rare occurrences with potential for severe neurological complications and high mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential to mitigate adverse outcomes. Understanding injury patterns and employing appropriate imaging modalities are crucial for effective surgical planning and patient care. We present a case of a 22-year-old male mechanic who sustained a TOPI involving bilateral frontal lobes with evisceration of the right eye following a workplace accident with a metal cutter. Upon arrival at the emergency department, the patient exhibited vision loss in the right eye, proptosis, and a dilated pupil. Imaging studies revealed the trajectory of a metal arrow through the right orbital roof, necessitating surgical intervention. A multidisciplinary team performed bifrontal craniectomy with duroplasty to remove the foreign body and address associated injuries. Postoperatively, the patient received broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticonvulsants, leading to full recovery and discharge on postoperative day 10. TOPIs present unique challenges due to their rarity and potential for devastating consequences. Our case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis, meticulous surgical planning, and multidisciplinary collaboration in achieving favorable outcomes. Radiological imaging plays a crucial role in guiding treatment decisions and optimizing patient care. This report underscores the significance of early surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, and prophylactic measures in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with TOPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman Siddiqui
- Department of NeurosurgerySuper Specialty Hospital GMC, Shireen Bagh SrinagarSrinagarIndia
| | - Kaiser Kariem
- Department of NeurosurgerySuper Specialty Hospital GMC, Shireen Bagh SrinagarSrinagarIndia
| | - Mohsin Fayaz
- Department of NeurosurgerySher‐i‐Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagarIndia
| | - Gianluca Scalia
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Head and Neck SurgeryGaribaldi HospitalCataniaItaly
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Amaral MBF, Costa SM, de Araújo VO, Medeiros F, Silveira RL. Penetrating Orbital Trauma by Large Foreign Body: Case Series Study with Treatment Guidelines and Literature Review. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2023; 22:39-45. [PMID: 36703655 PMCID: PMC9871085 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-020-01392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aims to describe a case study of large penetrating orbital trauma and treatment guidelines associated with a review of English-language literature of large foreign bodies impacting the orbit from 1997 to 2020. Patients and Methods Five patients suffered large penetrating orbital trauma and required emergency surgical procedures. Results Together with this present study, a total of 33 cases were selected. The present work has data similar to the literature, and emergency surgical treatment was required in the majority of the cases. Conclusion Penetrating orbital trauma by large objects is a challenge. The initial assessment and treatment are fundamental to determine the case severity. The large foreign body should be surgically removed by a trained and experienced team in an advanced hospital unit as soon as possible to minimize visual, functional and aesthetic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Bruno Figueiredo Amaral
- Residency Program of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 400, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Samuel Macedo Costa
- Residency Program of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 400, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Vasco Oliveira de Araújo
- Residency Program of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 400, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 30130-100 Brazil
| | - Flavio Medeiros
- Ophtalmologic Service, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Roger Lanes Silveira
- Residency Program of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital João XXIII/FHEMIG, Av. Alfredo Balena, 400, Santa Efigênia, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP: 30130-100 Brazil
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Service, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
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Etaiwi AMB, Ismail M, Al-Ageely TA, Alasady AF, Jabbar AO, AbdulWahid J, Al-Zaidy MF, Hoz SS. Retrograde cranio-orbital penetrating injury: A case report. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36751449 PMCID: PMC9899455 DOI: 10.25259/sni_918_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transorbital (Orbito-cranial) injuries are uncommon, but they are among the most debilitating types of traumatic brain injury (TBI), mainly caused by high-velocity gunshot wounds. In addition, the management of transorbital TBI is well documented in the literature. In contrast, the cranio-orbital migration of a bullet following TBI is rarely reported. In this article, we report a reverse cranio-orbital penetration of a bullet after a TBI from the occiput with a discussion about its management. Case Description A 34-year-old male presented with a loss of consciousness to the emergency department. His Glasgow Coma Scale was 10 (E3, V3, M4), with a left-sided weakness grade of 3 on the Medical Research Council of Canada scale. A head computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which revealed a bullet embedded in the right orbit with an entrance point from the right occipital bone. Moreover, the CT scan showed an intraventricular hemorrhage in the lateral ventricle. The surgery was performed where the hematoma was evacuated, the scalp was debrided, and the bullet was removed successfully. However, the patient died on the 7th postoperatively. Conclusion Cranio-orbital penetrating brain injury is a severe yet rare type of penetrating brain injury. The direction of cranio-orbital injury is usually from the orbital region to the cerebrum. In our case, the retrograde fashion of the bullet migration renders it unique and calls for further studies to highlight the differences in injury and management of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mustafa Ismail
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Teeba A. Al-Ageely
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ayaat F. Alasady
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Al-Nahrain, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alsultan O. Jabbar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Fallujah, College of Medicine, Al Anbar, Iraq
| | - Jaafar AbdulWahid
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Al-Nahrain, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mahmood F. Al-Zaidy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Baghdad, College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Samer S. Hoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States.,Corresponding author: Samer S. Hoz, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, United States.
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Sheikh NA, Ateriya N, Khan G, Singh A, Raj K. Fatal transorbital-intracranial penetrating injury- A case report. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 85:102288. [PMID: 34823205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transorbital injuries are rare and may lead to fatal craniocerebral damage. Ocular penetrating injuries account for 24% of all penetrating head injuries in adults, while this percentage goes up to 45% in children. Any penetrating injury through the eyes may enter the intracranial cavity and might prove fatal to the victim owing to cerebral tissue damage and complex management. The dead bodies of three victims were found by the side of the river with multiple injuries to their eyes. Further examination revealed that they had sustained multiple transorbital-intracranial injuries. In such cases, identifying injury patterns is vital so that cause and manner of death can be determined precisely. A thorough postmortem examination can help identify the alleged weapon involved in the act and may clear the doubts concerned with the manner of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Ahmed Sheikh
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273008, India
| | - Navneet Ateriya
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273008, India.
| | - Ghyasuddin Khan
- State Medicolegal Expert, State Medicolegal Cell, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226004, India
| | - Anurima Singh
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 225003, India
| | - Kumar Raj
- TBI Hospital, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
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Finneran MM, Marotta DA, Nardone EM. Nonmissile penetrating head injury with a wooden table leg: An illustrative case. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2424-2428. [PMID: 33936708 PMCID: PMC8077246 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Penetrating head injuries are relatively uncommon and require a unique approach. This report highlights a previously unreported mechanism of injury with a table leg and the steps required to evaluate and promptly treat the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario A. Marotta
- Alabama College of Osteopathic MedicineDothanALUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Emilio M. Nardone
- Neurological SurgeryCentral Illinois Neuro Health SciencesBloomingtonILUSA
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Transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury due to a homemade metal arrow: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 57:183-189. [PMID: 32774851 PMCID: PMC7398978 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury (TOPI) is an unusual traumatic brain injury. This rare injury has the potential to result in serious and fatal brain damage with a high mortality rate and requires prompt multidisciplinary surgical intervention. Here, we describe an interesting case in which a patient who presented with accidental penetrating injuries of the brain was found to have a transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury (TOPI). We chose an anterior approach to the foreign body above the entrance wound for removal in a retrograde manner with fluoroscopic guidance. The patient remained well with no complications and was discharged on postoperative day 10. Reasonable diagnostic imaging, surgical planning, and careful post-surgery management can increase patients successful outcomes. A transorbital-penetrating intracranial injury (TOPI) is an uncommon traumatic brain injury. TOPIs have the potential to result in serious brain damage with a high mortality rate. An interesting case of accidental TOPI that was treated successfully with fluoroscopic guidance is presented.
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Harrington BM, Gretschel A, Lombard C, Lonser RR, Vlok AJ. Complications, outcomes, and management strategies of non-missile penetrating head injuries. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1658-1666. [PMID: 32559744 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While high-velocity missile injury (gunshot) is associated with kinetic and thermal injuries, non-missile penetrating head injury (NMPHI) results in primary damage along the tract of the piercing object that can be associated with significant secondary complications. Despite the unique physical properties of NMPHI, factors associated with complications, expected outcomes, and optimal management have not been defined. In this study, the authors attempted to define those factors. METHODS Consecutive adult patients with NMPHI who presented to Tygerberg Academic Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa) in the period from August 1, 2011, through July 31, 2018, were enrolled in a prospective study using a defined treatment algorithm. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS One hundred ninety-two patients (185 males [96%], 7 females [4%]) with 192 NMPHIs were included in this analysis. The mean age at injury was 26.2 ± 1.1 years (range 18-58 years). Thirty-four patients (18%) presented with the weapon in situ. Seventy-one patients (37%) presented with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15. Weapons included a knife (156 patients [81%]), screwdriver (18 [9%]), nail gun (1 [0.5%]), garden fork (1 [0.5%]), barbeque fork (1 [0.5%]), and unknown (15 [8%]). The most common wound locations were temporal (74 [39%]), frontal (65 [34%]), and parietal (30 [16%]). The most common secondary complications were vascular injury (37 patients [19%]) and infection (27 patients [14%]). Vascular injury was significantly associated with imaging evidence of deep subarachnoid hemorrhage and an injury tract crossing vascular territory (p ≤ 0.05). Infection was associated with delayed referral (> 24 hours), lack of prophylactic antibiotic administration, and weapon in situ (p ≤ 0.05). A poorer outcome was associated with a stab depth > 50 mm, a weapon removed by the assailant, vascular injury, and eloquent brain involvement (p ≤ 0.05). Nineteen patients (10%) died from their injuries. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was linearly related to the admission GCS score (p < 0.001). One hundred forty patients (73%) had a GOS score of 4 or better at discharge. CONCLUSIONS The most common NMPHI secondary complications are vascular injury and infection, which are associated with specific NMPHI imaging and clinical features. Identifying these features and using a systematic management paradigm can effectively treat the primary injury, as well as diagnose and manage NMPHI-related complications, leading to a good outcome in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carl Lombard
- 2Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, University of Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa; and
| | - Russell R Lonser
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adriaan J Vlok
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, University of Stellenbosch; and
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Xue H, Zhang WT, Wang GM, Shi L, Zhang YM, Yang HF. Transorbital nonmissile penetrating brain injury: Report of two cases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:471-478. [PMID: 32047800 PMCID: PMC7000930 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i2.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is an uncommon emergency in neurosurgery, and transorbital PBI is a rare type of PBI. Reasonable surgical planning and careful postoperative management can improve the prognosis of patients
CASE SUMMARY The first case is a 68-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital because a branch punctured his brain through the orbit for approximately 9 h after he unexpectedly fell while walking. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient was able to follow instructions at a 4-mo follow-up review. The other case is a 46-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to an intraorbital foreign body caused by a car accident, after which the patient was unconscious for approximately 6 h. After admission, the patient underwent emergency surgical treatment and postoperative anti-infection treatment. The patient could correctly answer questions at a 3-mo follow-up review.
CONCLUSION Transorbital PBI is a rare and acute disease. Early diagnosis, surgical intervention, and application of intravenous antibiotics can improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xue
- Department of Neurotraumatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurotraumatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang-Ming Wang
- Department of Neurotraumatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji’nan 250002, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fa Yang
- Department of Neurotraumatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Childhood Transorbital Skull Base Penetrating Injury: Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 131:213-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dai D, Meyer S, Kaltheuner LC, Plani F. On a knife-edge: clinical uncertainty with an extensive knife blade in situ in the craniofacial region. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-226054. [PMID: 30249732 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 25-year-old man presented to the trauma department following a penetrating stab wound to his left infraorbital margin with retained knife blade causing superoposterior displacement of the globe. Plain skull X-ray revealed an extensive retained blade with subsequent CT imaging revealing the tip of the blade had reached the right styloid process with no neurovascular compromise. Initial concern was primarily for the left eye leading to ophthalmology being the first specialty requested to review the patient. However, once the extent of the injury was established, ophthalmology requested further review from maxillofacial, ENT and neurosurgery. This resulted in an 84 hours wait between the initial injury and the removal of the knife blade. Incredibly, the patient had no initial sequelae from such an extensive injury and had an unremarkable recovery with no further complications aside from a laceration to the left inferior rectus muscle that was conservatively managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairui Dai
- Department of Medicine, University College London Medical School, London, UK
| | - Silke Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Universitatsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Frank Plani
- Trauma Department, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Li XS, Yan J, Liu C, Luo Y, Liao XS, Yu L, Xiao SW. Nonmissile Penetrating Head Injuries: Surgical Management and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2016; 98:873.e9-873.e25. [PMID: 27931948 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonmissile penetrating head injuries (NPHIs) in the civilian population are rare but potentially fatal. Although numerous cases have been reported in the literature, the surgical management of such injuries is still ambiguous, especially with development of surgical techniques. Here, we report 5 cases of NPHIs managed with different surgical techniques and review the literature on surgical treatment of these injuries to outline the appropriate management for these patients from a neurosurgical perspective. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 5 cases of NPHIs managed surgically in our department. The clinical data were collected, including cause, type of objects, way of penetration, initial clinical evaluation, imaging, surgical intervention, postoperative care, complication, follow-up, and outcome. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed in the PubMed database to search for articles on surgical treatment of these injuries. RESULTS These 5 cases were caused by twisted steel bar, electric welding rod, and sewing needle, respectively. Preoperative imaging, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital subtraction angiography, was selectively performed to assist the operative plan. Foreign objects were removed surgically in all cases. Postoperative prophylactic administration of antibiotics and anticonvulsants was used to prevent infectious and epileptic complications. Most of the patients achieved a better outcome except for one. CONCLUSIONS NPHIs can be fatal but they can be managed with satisfactory results by proper preoperative imaging evaluation, rapid appropriate surgical management, and accurate postoperative care. Personalized surgical intervention should be undertaken depending on the mechanism and extent of the NPHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Sheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shao-Wen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Penetrating cranial injury with giant intraorbital foreign body. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.17816/ov9177-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The article describes clinical and radiological picture as well as early results of surgical treatment of a rare kind of open craniocerebral trauma - cranio-orbital injury with giant intraorbital foreign body
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