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Schulte AM, Alachouzos G, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. The fate of the contact ion pair determines the photochemistry of coumarin-based photocleavable protecting groups. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2062-2073. [PMID: 38332822 PMCID: PMC10848663 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) enable the precise spatiotemporal control over the release of a payload of interest, in particular a bioactive substance, through light irradiation. A crucial parameter that determines the practical applicability of PPGs is the efficiency of payload release, largely governed by the quantum yield of photolysis (QY). Understanding which parameters determine the QY will prove crucial for engineering improved PPGs and their effective future applications, especially in the emerging field of photopharmacology. The Contact Ion Pair (CIP) has been recognized as an important intermediate in the uncaging process, but the key influence of its fate on the quantum yield has not been explored yet, limiting our ability to design improved PPGs. Here, we demonstrate that the CIP escape mechanism of PPGs is crucial for determining their payload- and solvent-dependent photolysis QY, and illustrate that an intramolecular type of CIP escape is superior over diffusion-dependent CIP escape. Furthermore, we report a strong correlation of the photolysis QY of a range of coumarin PPGs with the DFT-calculated height of all three energy barriers involved in the photolysis reaction, despite the vastly different mechanisms of CIP escape that these PPGs exhibit. Using the insights obtained through our analysis, we were able to predict the photolysis QY of a newly designed PPG with particularly high accuracy. The level of understanding of the factors determining the QY of PPGs presented here will move the ever-expanding field of PPG applications forward and provides a blueprint for the development of PPGs with QYs that are independent of payload-topology and solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Marten Schulte
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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The Light-Controlled Release of 2-fluoro-l-fucose, an Inhibitor of the Root Cell Elongation, from a nitrobenzyl-caged Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032533. [PMID: 36768855 PMCID: PMC9916816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan metabolic engineering is a powerful tool for studying the glycosylation in living plant cells. The use of modified monosaccharides such as deoxy or fluorine-containing glycosides has been reported as a powerful pharmacological approach for studying the carbohydrate metabolism. 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2-fluoro-l-fucose (2F-Fuc) is a potent inhibitor of the plant cell elongation. After feeding plant seedlings with 2F-Fuc, this monosaccharide derivative is deacetylated and converted by the endogenous metabolic machinery into the corresponding nucleotide-sugar, which then efficiently inhibits Golgi-localized fucosyltransferases. Among plant cell wall polymers, defects in the fucosylation of the pectic rhamnogalacturonan-II cause a decrease in RG-II dimerization, which in turn induce the arrest of the cell elongation. In order to perform the inhibition of the cell elongation process in a spatio-temporal manner, we synthesized a caged 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1-hydroxy-2-fluoro-l-fucose (1-OH-2F-Fuc) derivative carrying a photolabile ortho-nitrobenzyl alcohol function at the anomeric position: 3,4-di-O-acetyl-1-ortho-nitrobenzyl-2-fluoro-l-fucose (2F-Fuc-NB). The photorelease of the trapped 1-OH-2F-Fuc was performed under a 365 nm LED illumination. We demonstrated that the in planta elimination by photoexcitation of the photolabile group releases free 2F-Fuc in plant cells, which in turn inhibits in a dose-dependent manner and, reversibly, the root cell elongation.
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Fu W, Du K, Xu Z, Cheng J, Li Z, Shao X. Dual photo-controlled release system for fipronil and dinotefuran. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 22:825-836. [PMID: 36567377 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of controlled release system promises a huge impact on the pesticide delivery, which has raised attentions in improving efficacy of pesticides. Herein, the emerging photoremovable protecting group (PRPG), used in spatiotemporal delivery of drug by light, was introduced into agriculture. We obtained three TNB-insecticides and two of them exhibited excellent photophysicochemical properties. Our dual photo-controlled release system displayed more than sixfold insecticidal activity differences upon irradiation with UV light or sunlight. The dual release of DIN-TNB-DIN showed synergistic effect on mosquito larvae and armyworm larvae. Distribution of the fluorescence in body of dead/alive wigglers clearly illustrated the action mode, and visually demonstrated the precise and spatiotemporal delivery of insecticides in the living mosquito larvae. The new developed dual photo-controlled release system might widen the diversity in pesticide delivery, promoting the development in improving pesticide efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kang Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Hilgers F, Hogenkamp F, Klaus O, Kruse L, Loeschcke A, Bier C, Binder D, Jaeger KE, Pietruszka J, Drepper T. Light-mediated control of gene expression in the anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using photocaged inducers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:902059. [PMID: 36246361 PMCID: PMC9561348 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.902059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocaged inducer molecules, especially photocaged isopropyl-β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (cIPTG), are well-established optochemical tools for light-regulated gene expression and have been intensively applied in Escherichia coli and other bacteria including Corynebacterium glutamicum, Pseudomonas putida or Bacillus subtilis. In this study, we aimed to implement a light-mediated on-switch for target gene expression in the facultative anoxygenic phototroph Rhodobacter capsulatus by using different cIPTG variants under both phototrophic and non-phototrophic cultivation conditions. We could demonstrate that especially 6-nitropiperonyl-(NP)-cIPTG can be applied for light-mediated induction of target gene expression in this facultative phototrophic bacterium. Furthermore, we successfully applied the optochemical approach to induce the intrinsic carotenoid biosynthesis to showcase engineering of a cellular function. Photocaged IPTG thus represents a light-responsive tool, which offers various promising properties suitable for future applications in biology and biotechnology including automated multi-factorial control of cellular functions as well as optimization of production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Hilgers
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabian Hogenkamp
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Luzie Kruse
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Anita Loeschcke
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claus Bier
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dennis Binder
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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