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Yang X, Liu ZM, Zhou X, Yang F, Ma WZ, Sun XZ, Sun SY, Ge N. Methods to increase the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for solid pancreatic lesions: An updated review. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2024; 16:117-125. [PMID: 38577648 PMCID: PMC10989249 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v16.i3.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a means to procure adequate specimens for histological and cytologic analysis. The ideal EUS-FNA should be safe, accurate, and have a high sample adequacy rate and low adverse events rate. In recent years, many guidelines and trials on EUS-FNA have been published. The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the influence of some of the main factors on the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA as well as a rare but serious complication known as needle tract seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhuang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Kawasaki Y, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Ohba A, Maruki Y, Takeshita K, Takasaki T, Agarie D, Hagiwara Y, Hara H, Okamoto K, Yamashige D, Kondo S, Morizane C, Ueno H, Mizui T, Takamoto T, Nara S, Ban D, Esaki M, Saito Y, Hiraoka N, Okusaka T. Diagnostic performance of EUS-guided tissue acquisition for solid pancreatic lesions ≤10 mm. Endosc Ultrasound 2024; 13:115-122. [PMID: 38947747 PMCID: PMC11213607 DOI: 10.1097/eus.0000000000000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives EUS tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is the standard diagnostic method for solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs); however, there are few reports on EUS-TA results for SPLs ≤10 mm. Furthermore, given the recent advent of fine-needle biopsy, the current diagnostic accuracy of EUS-TA for SPLs ≤10 mm is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of EUS-TA for SPLs ≤10 mm. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 109 patients with SPLs ≤10 mm who underwent EUS-TA. All patients underwent rapid on-site specimen evaluation. Results The median tumor diameter was 8 mm (range, 2.5-10 mm), and the technical success rate was 99.1% (108/109). Adverse events were observed in 3 patients (2.8%). The diagnostic performance was as follows: sensitivity, 90.1% (64/71); specificity, 97.3% (36/37); accuracy, 92.6% (100/108); positive predictive value, 98.5% (64/65); and negative predictive value, 83.7% (36/43). Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of punctures (odds ratio, 7.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-37.5; P = 0.023) and tumor type (odds ratio, 11.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-102.0; P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for inaccurate EUS-TA results. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS-TA for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was 87.5% (14/16). No EUS-TA-related needle-tract seeding was observed in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma during the observation period. Conclusions EUS-TA for SPLs ≤10 mm showed adequate diagnostic accuracy and was safe for use with rapid on-site specimen evaluation in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Nagashio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Maruki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeshita
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Agarie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagiwara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Hara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Okamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mizui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Conti Bellocchi MC, Bernuzzi M, Brillo A, Bernardoni L, Amodio A, De Pretis N, Frulloni L, Gabbrielli A, Crinò SF. EUS-FNA versus EUS-FNB in Pancreatic Solid Lesions ≤ 15 mm. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:427. [PMID: 38396466 PMCID: PMC10888305 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A small tumor size may impact the diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) for diagnosing solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs). We aimed to compare the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and biopsy (FNB) in SPLs with a diameter ≤ 15 mm. Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-TA for SPLs ≤ 15 mm between January 2015 and December 2022 in a tertiary referral center were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy. The final diagnosis was based on surgical pathology or disease evolution after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Inadequate samples were all considered false negatives for the study. Secondary outcomes included sample adequacy, factors impacting accuracy, and safety. We included 368 patients (52.4% male; mean age: 60.2 years) who underwent FNA in 72 cases and FNB in 296. The mean size of SPLs was 11.9 ± 2.6 mm. More than three passes were performed in 5.7% and 61.5% of patients in the FNB and FNA groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). FNB outperformed FNA in terms of diagnostic accuracy (89.8% vs. 79.1%, p = 0.013) and sample adequacy (95.9% vs. 86.1%, p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, using FNA (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.07-4.48) and a final diagnosis (OR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.82-6.94) of benign conditions negatively impacted accuracy. Overall, the adverse event rate was 0.8%, including one pancreatitis in the FNA group and one pancreatitis and one bleeding in the FNB group, all mild and conservatively managed. EUS-TA for SPLs ≤ 15 mm has a high diagnostic yield and safety. This study suggests the superiority of FNB over FNA, with better performance even with fewer passes performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of the Pancreas, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Micol Bernuzzi
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Alessandro Brillo
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Bernardoni
- Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of the Pancreas, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Antonio Amodio
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Nicolò De Pretis
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy (A.B.); (A.A.); (N.D.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Armando Gabbrielli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of the Pancreas, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Diagnostic and Interventional Endoscopy of the Pancreas, Pancreas Institute, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.B.); (S.F.C.)
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Bor R, Vasas B, Fábián A, Szűcs M, Bősze Z, Bálint A, Rutka M, Farkas K, Tóth T, Resál T, Bacsur P, Molnár T, Szepes Z. Risk Factors and Interpretation of Inconclusive Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Solid Pancreatic Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2841. [PMID: 37685379 PMCID: PMC10486755 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inconclusive cytological findings of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) remain a major clinical challenge and often lead to treatment delays. METHODS Patients who had undergone EUS-FNA sampling for solid pancreas lesions between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The "atypical" and "non-diagnostic" categories of the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology System were considered inconclusive and the "negative for malignancy" category of malignancy was suspected clinically. We determined the frequency and predictors of inconclusive cytological finding. RESULTS A total of 473 first EUS-FNA samples were included, of which 108 cases (22.83%) were inconclusive. Significant increases in the odds of inconclusive cytological findings were observed for lesions with a benign final diagnosis (OR 11.20; 95% CI 6.56-19.54, p < 0.001) as well as with the use of 25 G FNA needles (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.09-4.01, p = 0.023) compared to 22 G needles. Furthermore, the use of a single EUS-FNA technique compared to the combined use of slow-pull and standard suction techniques (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.06-2.70, p = 0.027) and less than three punctures per procedure led to an elevation in the risk of inconclusive cytology (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.49-4.14, p < 0.001). Risk reduction in inconclusive cytology findings was observed in lesions between 2-4 cm (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.23-0.68, p = 0.001) and >4 cm (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.08-0.31, p < 0.001) compared to lesions ≤2 cm. CONCLUSIONS The more than two punctures per EUS-FNA sampling with larger-diameter needle (19 G or 22 G) using the slow-pull and standard suction techniques in combination may decrease the probability of inconclusive cytological findings.
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Grants
- K125377 to TM, K134863 to KF, K143549 to TM National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- UNKP-20-5-SZTE-161 to KF, UNKP-22-3-SZTE-233 to PB, UNKP-22-5-SZTE-545 to RB, UNKP-22-4-SZTE-296 to AF, UNKP-22-3-SZTE-278 to TR New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities, Hungary
- BO/00723/22 to RB Janos Bolyai Research Grant, Hungary
- Géza Hetényi Research Grant by Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Bor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Béla Vasas
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Anna Fábián
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mónika Szűcs
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsófia Bősze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Bálint
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Rutka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Klaudia Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tibor Tóth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamás Resál
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Péter Bacsur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szepes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (A.F.); (Z.B.); (A.B.); (M.R.); (K.F.); (T.T.); (T.R.); (P.B.); (T.M.); (Z.S.)
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Kawasaki Y, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Maruki Y, Ohba A, Takeshita K, Takasaki T, Agarie D, Hagiwara Y, Hara H, Okamoto K, Yamashige D, Kondo S, Morizane C, Ueno H, Mizui T, Takamoto T, Nara S, Ban D, Esaki M, Tamada K, Hiraoka N, Saito Y, Okusaka T. Efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for solid pancreatic lesions 20 mm or less in diameter suspected as neuroendocrine tumors or requiring differentiation. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:693-703. [PMID: 37154933 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-01995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) ≤ 20 mm, most guidelines consider follow-up observations as an option; however, the various treatment strategies are defined by size alone, even though the Ki-67 index is important for malignancy grading. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is the standard for the histopathological diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions; however, recent results for small lesions remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the efficacy of EUS-TA for solid pancreatic lesions ≤ 20 mm suspected as pNETs or requiring differentiation and the non-increase rate in tumor size in follow-up cases. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of 111 patients (median age = 58 years) with lesions ≤ 20 mm suspected as pNETs or requiring differentiation who underwent EUS-TA. All patients underwent specimen evaluation by rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE). RESULTS EUS-TA led to a diagnosis of pNETs in 77 patients (69.4%) and tumors other than pNETs in 22 patients (19.8%). The histopathological diagnostic accuracy of EUS-TA was 89.2% (99/111) overall, 94.3% (50/53) for 10-20 mm lesions, and 84.5% (49/58) for ≤ 10 mm lesions, with no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy (p = 0.13). The Ki-67 index was measurable in all patients with a histopathological diagnosis of pNETs. Among 49 patients with a diagnosis of pNETs who were followed up, one patient (2.0%) showed tumor enlargement. CONCLUSIONS EUS-TA for solid pancreatic lesions ≤ 20 mm suspected as pNETs or requiring differentiation is safe and has adequate histopathological diagnostic accuracy, suggesting that follow-up observations of pNETs with a histological pathologic diagnosis are acceptable in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshikuni Nagashio
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Maruki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohba
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takeshita
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Takasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Agarie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagiwara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Hara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Okamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamashige
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kondo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mizui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichi Tamada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Impact of tumor size and location on endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A recursive partitioning analysis. Pancreatology 2022; 22:644-650. [PMID: 35589512 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines provide weak recommendations to treat small (<2 cm) non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with low Ki-67 proliferation index either by resection or clinical follow-up. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the minimal size of pNET, which allows EUS-guided biopsy with high enough diagnostic accuracy for stratification. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, bicentric analysis of patients who had undergone EUS-guided pNET sampling in two tertiary care Endoscopy Units in Germany and Poland. Using a recursive partitioning of the tree-aided model, we aimed to stratify the probability of successful EUS-guided biopsy of pNET lesions according to their size and location. RESULTS In our pNET cohort, successful histological confirmation of a pNET diagnosis was achieved in 59/69 (85.5%) cases at the initial EUS-guided biopsy. In 41 patients with a pNET size less than 18.5 mm, the EUS-guided first biopsy was successful in 90.2%. In 16 of these patients with smaller lesions, EUS-guided sampling was 100% in very small (less than 11 mm) and extremely small lesions (less than 8 mm). The biopsy success rate was 100% in tail lesions in the size range between ≥5.95 and <8.1 mm but only 33.3% independent of the investigator in pancreatic head or body, with an error rate of 11.2% CONCLUSION: Using a recursive partitioning of the tree-aided stratification model, we demonstrate for the first time that in balancing risks and benefits, very small pNETs (<1 cm) in the tail of the pancreas should be sampled under EUS-guidance.
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Nakai Y, Hamada T, Hakuta R, Ishigaki K, Saito K, Saito T, Takahara N, Mizuno S, Kogure H, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided tissue acquisition for small solid pancreatic lesions: Does the size matter? DEN OPEN 2022; 2:e52. [PMID: 35310760 PMCID: PMC8828213 DOI: 10.1002/deo2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) is now an established technique to obtain the pathological diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs), but the diagnosis of small SPLS by EUS‐TA can still be difficult. We conducted a literature review and a meta‐analysis on the diagnostic yield of EUS‐TA according to the tumor size. In a meta‐analysis of 33 studies with 6883 cases, a pooled odds ratio (OR) of sensitivity was significantly higher in SPLs of >20 mm (OR 1.64, p = 0.02) and in SPLs of >10 mm (OR 3.05, p = 0.01), but not in SPLs of >30 mm (OR 1.18, p = 0.46). The meta‐analysis of accuracy also showed a similar trend: OR of 1.59 in SPLs of >20 mm (p < 0.01) and OR of 3.27 in SPLs of >10 mm (p < 0.01) and OR of 1.03 in SPLs of >30 mm (p = 0.87). The use of a 25‐gauge needle tended to improve sensitivity in small SPLs, though not statistically significant: OR of 1.25 and 2.82 in studies with and without a 25‐gauge needle (p = 0.08). The use of fine needle biopsy needles, slow pull method, and rapid on‐site evaluation did not significantly improve sensitivity in small SPLs. EUS‐TA for small SPLs, especially neuroendocrine neoplasms, is reported to have a high risk of adverse events. In summary, the diagnostic yield and safety of EUS‐TA for small (<20 mm) SPLs still needs improvement, and the best needle and technique for small SPLs should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Hakuta
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunaga Ishigaki
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomotaka Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Naminatsu Takahara
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Suguru Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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Yamao K, Takenaka M, Ishikawa R, Okamoto A, Yamazaki T, Nakai A, Omoto S, Kamata K, Minaga K, Matsumoto I, Takeyama Y, Numoto I, Tsurusaki M, Chikugo T, Chiba Y, Watanabe T, Kudo M. Partial Pancreatic Parenchymal Atrophy Is a New Specific Finding to Diagnose Small Pancreatic Cancer (≤10 mm) Including Carcinoma in Situ: Comparison with Localized Benign Main Pancreatic Duct Stenosis Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070445. [PMID: 32630180 PMCID: PMC7400308 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate and identify the specific CT findings by focusing on abnormalities in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and pancreatic parenchyma in patients with small pancreatic cancer (PC) including carcinoma in situ (CIS). METHODS Nine CT findings indicating abnormalities of MPD and pancreatic parenchyma were selected as candidate findings for the presence of small PC ≤ 10 mm. The proportions of patients positive for each finding were compared between small PC and benign MPD stenosis groups. Interobserver agreement between two independent image reviewers was evaluated using kappa statistics. RESULTS The final analysis included 24 patients with small PC (including 11 CIS patients) and 28 patients with benign MPD stenosis. The proportion of patients exhibiting partial pancreatic parenchymal atrophy (PPA) corresponding to the distribution of MPD stenosis (45.8% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.01), upstream PPA arising from the site of MPD stenosis (33.3% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.01), and MPD abrupt stenosis (45.8% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.03) was significantly higher in the small PC group than in the benign MPD stenosis group. CONCLUSIONS The presence of partial PPA, upstream PPA, and MPD abrupt stenosis on a CT image was highly suggestive of the presence of small PCs including CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-366-0221; Fax: +81-72-367-2880
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Rei Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Ayana Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Atsushi Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Omoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Ippei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (I.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (I.M.); (Y.T.)
| | - Isao Numoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (I.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Masakatsu Tsurusaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (I.N.); (M.T.)
| | - Takaaki Chikugo
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan;
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University, Osaka–Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; (M.T.); (R.I.); (A.O.); (T.Y.); (A.N.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (K.M.); (T.W.); (M.K.)
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9
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Ko SH, Pyo JS, Son BK, Lee HY, Oh IW, Chung KH. Comparison between Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Preparation in Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pancreatic Lesions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050293. [PMID: 32397572 PMCID: PMC7277982 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy between conventional smear (CS) and liquid-based preparation (LBP) in endoscopic ultrasonography-fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) of pancreatic lesions. Using 31 eligible studies, the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic examination in CS and LBP was evaluated through a conventional meta-analysis and diagnostic test accuracy review. Overall concordance rates were 82.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.8–85.5%) and 94.0% (95% CI, 84.4–97.8%) in CS and LBP, respectively. CS with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) showed a higher concordance rate than CS without ROSE. In CS, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89.8% (95% CI, 85.2–93.1%) and 95.0% (95% CI, 90.0–97.6%), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (OR) and area under curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were 90.32 (95% CI, 43.85–147.11) and 0.945, respectively. In LBP, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 80.9% (95% CI, 69.7–88.7%) and 99.9% (95% CI, 1.5–100.0%), respectively. The diagnostic OR and AUC of the SROC curve were 57.21 (95% CI, 23.61–138.64) and 0.939, respectively. Higher concordance rates were found in CS with ROSE and LBP in EUS-FNAC of pancreatic lesions. Regardless of the cytologic preparation method, EUS-FNAC is a useful and accurate diagnostic tool for pancreatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Ko
- Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea;
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01380, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (I.W.O.); (K.H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-970-8204
| | - Hyo Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01380, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (I.W.O.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Il Whan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01380, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (I.W.O.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Kwang Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01380, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (I.W.O.); (K.H.C.)
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10
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Endoscopic Ultrasound for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030081. [PMID: 31344904 PMCID: PMC6787710 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of small pancreatic cancers, which have a better prognosis than large cancers, is needed to reduce high mortality rates. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for detecting pancreatic lesions. The high resolution of EUS makes it particularly useful for detecting small pancreatic lesions that may be missed by other imaging modalities. Therefore, EUS should be performed in patients with obstructive jaundice in whom computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not identify a definite pancreatic lesion. Interest in the use of EUS for screening individuals at high risk of pancreatic cancer, including those with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and familial pancreatic cancer is growing. Contrast-enhanced EUS can facilitate differential diagnosis of small solid pancreatic lesions as well as malignant cystic lesions. In addition, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration can provide samples of small pancreatic lesions. Thus, EUS and EUS-related techniques are essential for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
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11
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Sugiura R, Kuwatani M, Hirata K, Sano I, Kato S, Kawakubo K, Sakamoto N. Effect of Pancreatic Mass Size on Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:2006-2013. [PMID: 30604374 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has high diagnostic accuracy for pancreatic diseases. However, the effect of mass size on diagnostic accuracy has yet to be determined, especially for small pancreatic lesions. We aimed to determine the effect of pancreatic mass size on the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA. METHODS We searched the database in Hokkaido University Hospital between May 2008 and December 2016 and identified solid pancreatic lesions examined by EUS-FNA. All lesions were stratified into five groups based on mass sizes: groups A (< 10 mm), B (10-20 mm), C (20-30 mm), D (30-40 mm) and E (≥ 40 mm). The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and adverse event rate were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS We analyzed a total of 788 solid pancreatic lesions in 761 patients. The patients included 440 males (57.8%) with a mean age of 65.7 years. The sensitivities in groups A (n = 36), B (n = 223), C (n = 304), D (n = 147) and E (n = 78) were 89.3%, 95.0%, 97.4%, 98.5% and 98.7%, respectively, and they significantly increased as the mass size increased (P < 0.01, chi-squared test for trend). The diagnostic accuracies were 91.7%, 96.4%, 97.7%, 98.6% and 98.7%, respectively, and they also significantly increased as the mass size increased (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis showed that pancreatic mass size was associated with diagnostic accuracy. The adverse event rates were not significantly different among the five groups. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivities and diagnostic accuracies of EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic lesions are higher for lesions ≥ 10 mm in size, and they are strongly correlated with mass size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sugiura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.
| | - Koji Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Itsuki Sano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kawakubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, N15, W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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12
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Crinò SF, Conti Bellocchi MC, Bernardoni L, Manfrin E, Parisi A, Amodio A, De Pretis N, Frulloni L, Gabbrielli A. Diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA of small (≤15 mm) solid pancreatic lesions using a 25-gauge needle. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018; 17:70-74. [PMID: 29428108 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of small solid pancreatic lesions is increasingly common. To date, few and contradictory data have been published about the relationship between lesion size and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the size of solid pancreatic lesions and the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA using a 25-gauge needle in a center without available rapid on-site evaluation. METHODS In the retrospective cohort study, we selected patients who underwent EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic lesions with a 25-gauge needle from October 2014 to October 2015. Patients were divided into three groups (≤15 mm, 16-25 mm and >25 mm), and the outcomes were compared. RESULTS We analyzed 163 patients. Overall adequacy, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.2%, 81.8%, 93.7%, and 80.4%, respectively. When stratified by size, the sensitivity and accuracy correlated with size (P = 0.016 and P = 0.042, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that lesion size was the only independent factor (P = 0.019, OR = 4.76) affecting accuracy. The role of size as an independent factor affecting accuracy was confirmed in a separate multivariate analysis, where size was included in the model as a covariate (P = 0.018, OR = 1.08). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that, in the absence of rapid on-site evaluation, mass size affects the accuracy of EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardoni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Erminia Manfrin
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Alice Parisi
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Antonio Amodio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Pretis
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Armando Gabbrielli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, G.B. Rossi University Hospital, 11 P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona 37134, Italy
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13
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Best LMJ, Rawji V, Pereira SP, Davidson BR, Gurusamy KS. Imaging modalities for characterising focal pancreatic lesions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 4:CD010213. [PMID: 28415140 PMCID: PMC6478242 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010213.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing numbers of incidental pancreatic lesions are being detected each year. Accurate characterisation of pancreatic lesions into benign, precancerous, and cancer masses is crucial in deciding whether to use treatment or surveillance. Distinguishing benign lesions from precancerous and cancerous lesions can prevent patients from undergoing unnecessary major surgery. Despite the importance of accurately classifying pancreatic lesions, there is no clear algorithm for management of focal pancreatic lesions. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities in detecting cancerous and precancerous lesions in people with focal pancreatic lesions. SEARCH METHODS We searched the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Science Citation Index until 19 July 2016. We searched the references of included studies to identify further studies. We did not restrict studies based on language or publication status, or whether data were collected prospectively or retrospectively. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include studies reporting cross-sectional information on the index test (CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), PET (positron emission tomography), EUS (endoscopic ultrasound), EUS elastography, and EUS-guided biopsy or FNA (fine-needle aspiration)) and reference standard (confirmation of the nature of the lesion was obtained by histopathological examination of the entire lesion by surgical excision, or histopathological examination for confirmation of precancer or cancer by biopsy and clinical follow-up of at least six months in people with negative index tests) in people with pancreatic lesions irrespective of language or publication status or whether the data were collected prospectively or retrospectively. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently searched the references to identify relevant studies and extracted the data. We planned to use the bivariate analysis to calculate the summary sensitivity and specificity with their 95% confidence intervals and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) to compare the tests and assess heterogeneity, but used simpler models (such as univariate random-effects model and univariate fixed-effect model) for combining studies when appropriate because of the sparse data. We were unable to compare the diagnostic performance of the tests using formal statistical methods because of sparse data. MAIN RESULTS We included 54 studies involving a total of 3,196 participants evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of various index tests. In these 54 studies, eight different target conditions were identified with different final diagnoses constituting benign, precancerous, and cancerous lesions. None of the studies was of high methodological quality. None of the comparisons in which single studies were included was of sufficiently high methodological quality to warrant highlighting of the results. For differentiation of cancerous lesions from benign or precancerous lesions, we identified only one study per index test. The second analysis, of studies differentiating cancerous versus benign lesions, provided three tests in which meta-analysis could be performed. The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosing cancer were: EUS-FNA: sensitivity 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 1.00), specificity 1.00 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.00); EUS: sensitivity 0.95 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.99), specificity 0.53 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.74); PET: sensitivity 0.92 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.97), specificity 0.65 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.84). The third analysis, of studies differentiating precancerous or cancerous lesions from benign lesions, only provided one test (EUS-FNA) in which meta-analysis was performed. EUS-FNA had moderate sensitivity for diagnosing precancerous or cancerous lesions (sensitivity 0.73 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.00) and high specificity 0.94 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.00), the extremely wide confidence intervals reflecting the heterogeneity between the studies). The fourth analysis, of studies differentiating cancerous (invasive carcinoma) from precancerous (dysplasia) provided three tests in which meta-analysis was performed. The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosing invasive carcinoma were: CT: sensitivity 0.72 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.87), specificity 0.92 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.97); EUS: sensitivity 0.78 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.94), specificity 0.91 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.98); EUS-FNA: sensitivity 0.66 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.99), specificity 0.92 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.98). The fifth analysis, of studies differentiating cancerous (high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) versus precancerous (low- or intermediate-grade dysplasia) provided six tests in which meta-analysis was performed. The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosing cancer (high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) were: CT: sensitivity 0.87 (95% CI 0.00 to 1.00), specificity 0.96 (95% CI 0.00 to 1.00); EUS: sensitivity 0.86 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.92), specificity 0.91 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.96); EUS-FNA: sensitivity 0.47 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.70), specificity 0.91 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.00); EUS-FNA carcinoembryonic antigen 200 ng/mL: sensitivity 0.58 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.83), specificity 0.51 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.81); MRI: sensitivity 0.69 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.86), specificity 0.93 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.00); PET: sensitivity 0.90 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.96), specificity 0.94 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99). The sixth analysis, of studies differentiating cancerous (invasive carcinoma) from precancerous (low-grade dysplasia) provided no tests in which meta-analysis was performed. The seventh analysis, of studies differentiating precancerous or cancerous (intermediate- or high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) from precancerous (low-grade dysplasia) provided two tests in which meta-analysis was performed. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing cancer were: CT: sensitivity 0.83 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.92), specificity 0.83 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.93) and MRI: sensitivity 0.80 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.92), specificity 0.81 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.95), respectively. The eighth analysis, of studies differentiating precancerous or cancerous (intermediate- or high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) from precancerous (low-grade dysplasia) or benign lesions provided no test in which meta-analysis was performed.There were no major alterations in the subgroup analysis of cystic pancreatic focal lesions (42 studies; 2086 participants). None of the included studies evaluated EUS elastography or sequential testing. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We were unable to arrive at any firm conclusions because of the differences in the way that study authors classified focal pancreatic lesions into cancerous, precancerous, and benign lesions; the inclusion of few studies with wide confidence intervals for each comparison; poor methodological quality in the studies; and heterogeneity in the estimates within comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence MJ Best
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW32PF
| | - Vishal Rawji
- University College London Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | - Stephen P Pereira
- Royal Free Hospital CampusUCL Institute for Liver and Digestive HealthUpper 3rd FloorLondonUKNW3 2PF
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW32PF
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Zakowski MF. "…That which we call a rose…": A critical analysis of rapid on-site evaluation. Cancer Cytopathol 2016; 124:857-861. [PMID: 27863098 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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