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Cejnar P, Smirnova TA, Kuckova S, Prochazka A, Zak I, Harant K, Zakharov S. Acute and chronic blood serum proteome changes in patients with methanol poisoning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21379. [PMID: 36494437 PMCID: PMC9734099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four blood serum samples from patients with acute methanol poisoning (M) from the mass methanol poisoning outbreak in the Czech Republic in 2012 were compared with 46 patient samples taken four years after poisoning (S) (overlap of 10 people with group M) and with a control group (C) of 24 samples of patients with a similar proportion of chronic alcohol abuse. When comparing any two groups, tens to hundreds of proteins with a significant change in concentration were identified. Fifteen proteins showed significant changes when compared between any two groups. The group with acute methanol poisoning showed significant changes in protein concentrations for at least 64 proteins compared to the other groups. Among the most important identified proteins closely related to intoxication are mainly those involved in blood coagulation, metabolism of vitamin A (increased retinol-binding protein), immune response (e.g., increased complement factor I, complement factors C3 and C5), and lipid transport (increased apolipoprotein A I, apolipoprotein A II, adiponectin). For blood coagulation, the most affected proteins with significant changes in the methanol poisoning group were von Willebrand factor, carboxypeptidase N, alpha-2-antiplasmin (all increased), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, kininogen-1, plasma serine protease inhibitor, plasminogen (all decreased). However, heparin administration used for the methanol poisoning group could have interfered with some of the changes in their concentrations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD035726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Cejnar
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic ,grid.412539.80000 0004 0609 2284University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Anatolievna Smirnova
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Kuckova
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Prochazka
- grid.448072.d0000 0004 0635 6059Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Zak
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojisti 1, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Harant
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XProteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, BIOCEV, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Zakharov
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojisti 1, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Toxicological Information Centre, General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Takieddin SZ, Alghamdi NM, Mahrous MS, Alamri BM, Bafakeeh QA, Zahrani MA. Demographics and Characteristics of Patients Admitted With Acute Coronary Syndrome to the Coronary Care Unit at King Abdulaziz University. Cureus 2022; 14:e26113. [PMID: 35875268 PMCID: PMC9298687 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the previous decade, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has risen in the Middle East and will increase mortality to 23 million individuals in Saudi Arabia by 2030, according to the Saudi Ministry of Health. CVDs, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), are the most common cause of mortality globally. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ACS admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) in a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. To the best of our knowledge, a lack of research in this region has been undertaken. Methods This retrospective records review study was conducted in a tertiary center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients admitted to our CCU in 2017 with a final diagnosis of ACS were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic details, coronary risk factors, investigation and procedures, management, and clinical outcomes are all part of the data. Results Of the 615 patients included in the study, 491 (79.84%) were males, 226 (36.75%) were 55-64 years old, and 161 (26.18%) were 45-54 years old. Males had a higher rate of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (214, 43.58%), while females had a higher rate of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) (45.96% and 37.90%, respectively). Diabetes (62.60%), dyslipidemia (62.44%), and hypertension (61.46%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were performed in 77.72% and 61.95% of patients, respectively. Coronary artery bypass graft was only performed in 4.39% of patients. PCI was performed more frequently in patients with STEMI than in those with NSTEMI/UA (P < 0.001). A large majority of patients (99.5%) recovered and were discharged. Of the 161 (26.18%) patients who attended a follow-up visit, only 45 (33.08%) met the therapeutic objective of 1.8 mmol/L (70 mg/dl) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There were 100 (16.26%) patients readmitted to the CCU, and most of these were readmitted within a year after initial admission. Readmissions were more common in females and patients diagnosed with NSTEMI/UA during initial admission (15.47% and 19.35%, respectively). Conclusion This study revealed that our most common demographics were males between 45 and 64 years, which is a decade younger than the global average. STEMI was the most common presentation. The most common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The most common adverse event was reinfarction, which was closely linked to hypertension and diabetes. In this study, the recovery rate was higher than in studies from other countries; however, the majority of patients did not achieve the goal of cholesterol levels at follow-up. Our population's younger age at presentation necessitates greater attention and more stringent preventive strategies, such as lifestyle changes and evidence-based treatments for CVD risk factors, to reduce the incidence and burden of ACS on CCUs.
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DeSouza NM, Brewster LM, Bain AR, Garcia VP, Stone R, Stockelman KA, Greiner JJ, Tymko MM, Vizcardo-Galindo G, Figueroa-Mujica RJ, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, DeSouza CA. Global REACH 2018: Influence of excessive erythrocytosis on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in Andean highlanders. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1335-1342. [PMID: 33745204 DOI: 10.1113/ep089360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Are coagulation and fibrinolytic factors disrupted in Andean highlanders with excessive erythrocytosis? What is the main finding and its importance? Excessive erythrocytosis is not associated with prothombotic disruptions in coagulation or the fibrinolytic system in Andean highlanders. Impairments in coagulation and fibrinolysis may not contribute to the increased vascular risk associated with excessive erythrocytosis. ABSTRACT Increased coagulation and reduced fibrinolysis are central factors underlying thrombotic risk and events. High altitude-induced excessive erythrocytosis (EE) is prevalent in Andean highlanders, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Disruption in the coagulation-fibrinolytic axis resulting in uncontrolled fibrin deposition might underlie the increased thrombotic risk associated with high-altitude EE. The experimental aim of this study was to determine whether EE is associated with a prothrombotic blood coagulation and fibrinolytic profile in Andean highlanders. Plasma coagulation factors (von Willebrand factor and factors VII, VIII and X), fibrinolytic factors [tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] and D-dimer levels were determined in 26 male residents of Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4340 m a.s.l.): 12 without EE (age, 40 ± 13 years; haemoglobin, 17.4 ± 1.9 g/dl) and 14 with EE (age, 43 ± 15 years; haemoglobin, 24.4 ± 1.6 g/dl). There were no significant differences in von Willebrand factor (40.5 ± 24.8 vs. 45.5 ± 22.4%), factor VII (77.0 ± 14.5 vs. 72.5 ± 8.9%), factor VIII (55.6 ± 19.8 vs. 60.7 ± 26.8%) and factor X (73.9 ± 8.3 vs. 67.3 ± 10.9%) between the Andean highlanders without or with EE. The t-PA antigen (8.5 ± 3.6 vs. 9.6 ± 5.4 ng/ml), t-PA activity (5.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.8 ± 1.6 IU/ml), PAI antigen (45.0 ± 33.8 vs. 40.5 ± 15.8 ng/ml), PAI-1 activity (0.24 ± 0.09 vs. 0.25 ± 0.11 IU/ml) and the molar concentration ratio of active t-PA to active PAI-1 (1:0.051 ± 0.034 vs. 1:0.046 ± 0.021 mmol/l) were also similar between the groups, as were D-dimer levels (235.0 ± 126.4 vs. 268.4 ± 173.7 ng/ml). Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that EE is not associated with a hypercoagulable, hypofibrinolytic state in Andean highlanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah M DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Madden Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Stone
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael M Tymko
- Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gustavo Vizcardo-Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Romulo J Figueroa-Mujica
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Francisco C Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Diet and haemostasis — A comprehensive overview. Blood Rev 2015; 29:231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dzieciuchowicz L, Espinosa G, Páramo JA. Haemostatic activation and inflammatory response after three methods of treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence. Phlebology 2013; 29:154-63. [PMID: 23434617 DOI: 10.1177/0268355512474445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the activation of haemostasis and inflammatory response after three different methods of treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five patients with GSV incompetence were assigned to one of the three types of treatment: high ligation and stripping (HL&S), radiofrequency ablation with ClosureFast (RFA) and endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with 810 nm diode laser with miniphlebectomy if required. Peripheral blood samples were obtained in the morning before the surgery and 24 hours and 10 days after the procedure. The concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), antigen of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen and activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were determined. The results were statistically analysed with SPSS for Windows 15.0. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients completed the study: 13 from RFA, 14 from EVLA and 11 from HL&S group. The baseline data did not differ among groups. There was a significant increase of D-dimer in HL&S group after 24 hours (P = 0.002). The changes in RFA and EVLA groups did not show statistical significance (P = 0.092). PAI-1 decreased in RFA patients after 24 hours (P = 0.02), did not change in EVLA patients, and tended to increase after HL&S (P = 0.08). The highest CRP increase was observed in HL&S group (P = 0.003). No significant changes in F1 + 2, t-PA and vWF were observed in any group of patients at 24 hours. At 10 days, a further significant increase of D-dimer (P = 0.04) and CRP (P = 0.018) concentrations in HL&S but not RFA and EVLA patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS Endovenous thermal ablation is associated with significantly less activation of haemostasis and inflammatory response when compared with HL&S.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dzieciuchowicz
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery University Hospital of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Eterović D, Titlić M, Culić V, Zadro R, Primorac D. Lower contribution of factor V Leiden or G202104 mutations to ischemic stroke in patients with clinical risk factors: pair-matched case-control study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2007; 13:188-93. [PMID: 17456629 DOI: 10.1177/1076029606298999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It was suggested that factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations increase the risk of ischemic stroke only in combination with clinical risk factors of arterial ischemic disease. In these studies the controls were derived from the general population, with fewer clinical risk factors, which might have produced biased results. The factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations were examined by polymerase chain reaction technique in 120 ischemic stroke patients and 120 controls younger than 65 years of age. Each patient had his own control, tightly matched in clinical risk factors. The prevalences of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations in patients were 8.3% (P = 0.02) and 7.5% (P = 0.04), respectively, and 2.5% for controls for both mutations. All carriers were single heterozygotes. In patients, but not in controls, the carriers of either mutation were mostly women and with fewer clinical risk factors for arterial ischemic events. In particular, considering both mutations as a single coagulation deficit, their presence increased the likelihood of ischemic stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-9.3), especially among women (OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.2-17.8), normotensive persons (OR = 9.2; 95% CI: 1.1-17.8) and those having normal cholesterol (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 1.6-21.2) and triglyceride serum concentrations (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.5-12.8). In the studied sample of adult North Mediterranean population younger than 65 years the prevalences of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations were greater in patients with ischemic stroke than in matched controls. Unlike in studies with unmatched controls, we observed an apparently negative interaction of these mutations with clinical risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Eterović
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical School at Split, Croatia.
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Stegnar M, Cuderman TV, Bozic M. Evaluation of pre-analytical, demographic, behavioural and metabolic variables on fibrinolysis and haemostasis activation markers utilised to assess hypercoagulability. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45:40-6. [PMID: 17243913 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of some haemostatic factors and products formed during activation of haemostasis seems to be promising in the determination of hypercoagulability. METHODS The fibrinolytic variables euglobulin clot lysis time, tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the haemostasis activation markers prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex and D-dimer were determined in 101 apparently healthy men and women aged 20-92 years (58+/-18 years, mean+/-SD) to establish variability due to several demographic, behavioural and metabolic factors. RESULTS None of the fibrinolytic variables were affected by smoking, while tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen was significantly lower in women compared to men. Multiple regression analysis revealed several independent associations between tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor, body mass index and lipid levels, describing up to 40% of the variance in fibrinolytic variables. For haemostasis activation markers, no gender difference or effect of smoking was observed. Only D-dimer was independently associated with age. The haemostasis activation markers determined proved to be extremely sensitive to blood sampling procedure and were significantly higher in samples obtained by an untrained nurse compared to a trained nurse. CONCLUSIONS Fibrinolytic variables are predominantly modulated by age, body mass index and blood lipids, while haemostasis activation markers are mainly un-influenced by these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Stegnar
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Sanders TAB, de Grassi T, Acharya J, Miller GJ, Humphries SE. Postprandial variations in fibrinolytic activity in middle-aged men are modulated by plasminogen activator inhibitor I 4G-675/5G genotype but not by the fat content of a meal. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:577-81. [PMID: 15051600 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/79.4.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased fibrinolytic activity is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and elevated plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. OBJECTIVE The goal was to determine whether plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and fibrinolytic activities are influenced by 1) dietary fat intake from a test meal and 2) the PAI-1 4G allele. DESIGN A parallel randomized controlled trial was used to compare the effect on fibrinolytic activity, measured as dilute clot lysis time, of high-oleate or high-palmitate test meals (both containing 50 g fat; both n = 18) with that of a low-fat test meal (15 g fat; n = 15) in men aged > 52 y. In a second study, postprandial changes in PAI-1 activity were measured in 32 men in response to a high-oleate meal containing 50 g fat. The results from both studies were analyzed according to PAI-1 4G-675/5G genotype. RESULTS Fasting dilute clot lysis time was positively associated with body mass index (r = 0.326, P = 0.02) and was shortened postprandially (P < 0.00001) independent of the fat content of the meal. Fasting PAI-1 activity was higher in those carrying the 4G allele and was correlated with fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations (r = 0.48, P = 0.008) and factor VII coagulant activity (r = 0.46, P = 0.012) after adjustments for age, body mass index, and genotype. Plasma PAI-1 activity decreased significantly after a meal but was not associated with postprandial changes in plasma triacylglycerols after a high-fat meal. The postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerols was higher in subjects carrying the 4G allele. CONCLUSION Fibrinolytic activity is not lower after meals rich in palmitate or oleate than after a low-fat meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Nutrition Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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Bowles LK, Cooper JA, Howarth DJ, Miller GJ, MacCallum PK. Associations of haemostatic variables with body mass index: a community-based study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14:569-73. [PMID: 12960611 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200309000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for venous and arterial thrombosis. We examined relationships between body mass index (BMI) and a number of haemostatic and inflammatory variables in a community-based study of 150 adults (73 male, 77 female; age range, 23-80 years). Associations with BMI were sought after adjustment for age, smoking and diurnal variation. There were significant interactions of gender on the associations of BMI with fibrinogen (P = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (P = 0.02). In women, there were strong positive associations of BMI with fibrinogen (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.40, P = 0.001). In men, these associations were non-significantly inverse. For all other variables there were no sex differences, so results for men and women were combined. Significant positive associations with BMI were seen for factor VIIc, activated factor XII, antithrombin activity, protein C activity and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. Inverse associations with BMI were seen for tissue plasminogen activator activity and activated protein C ratio. Increasing BMI is associated with elevation of certain coagulation factors, inhibitors of fibrinolysis, and inhibitors of coagulation, the latter potentially reflecting a compensatory response. Gender influences the association of certain inflammatory variables with BMI so the sexes should be considered separately in studies of inflammation and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Bowles
- MRC Cardiovascular Research Group, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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Sanders TAB, Oakley FR, Crook D, Cooper JA, Miller GJ. High intakes of trans monounsaturated fatty acids taken for 2 weeks do not influence procoagulant and fibrinolytic risk markers for CHD in young healthy men. Br J Nutr 2003; 89:767-76. [PMID: 12828793 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2003850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary trans fatty acids are associated with increased risk of CHD. We hypothesized that the changes in plasma lipids associated with a high intake of trans fatty acids would cause adverse effects on procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities. A randomized crossover controlled feeding study was conducted in twenty-nine men. A trans-rich diet supplying 10 % energy as trans- 18:1 was compared with diets in which the trans fatty acids were replaced either with carbohydrate or oleate; each diet was taken for 2 weeks in random order. Fasting fibrinogen and d-dimer concentrations and factor VII coagulant, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and tissue plasminogen activator did not differ between diets. Postprandially, tissue plasminogen activator activity increased and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity decreased on all diets. Factor VIIc increased postprandially by 15 and 17 % on the trans and oleate diets respectively, compared with an 11 % increase on the carbohydrate diet; the mean difference between oleate and carbohydrate diets was 6 (95 % CI 0.2, 11.9) %. The LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B : apolipoprotein A-I ratios increased by 13 (95 % CI 5.7, 21.8) and 10 (95 % CI 3.1, 17.2) % respectively on the trans diet compared with the oleate diet and by 6 (95 % CI 0.1,12.7) and 7 (95 % CI 0, 13.5) % respectively compared with the carbohydrate diet. Plasma HDL2-cholesterol concentration was 18 (95 % CI 0.7, 35.9) % lower on the trans diet compared with the oleate diet. The results confirm adverse effects of trans fatty acids on HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but suggest that trans fatty acids do not have any specific effects on known haemostatic risk markers for cardiovascular disease in healthy young men in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Nutrition Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK.
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Lopes AA, Caramurú LH, Maeda NY. Endothelial dysfunction associated with chronic intravascular coagulation in secondary pulmonary hypertension. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2002; 8:353-8. [PMID: 12516685 DOI: 10.1177/107602960200800407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered endothelial anti-thrombotic properties have been observed in primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension. In the Eisenmenger syndrome, correlations of these abnormalities with the clinical status and occurrence of chronic intravascular coagulation (CIC) have not been confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of CIC, as determined by circulating levels of D-dimer is associated with changes in endothelial markers in Eisenmenger patients; and to identify variables that correlate with the severity of clinical presentation. Twenty-one patients were enrolled (ages, 4-52 years). Plasma levels of D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to differentiate patients with stable (group 1, N=12) from those with unstable disease (group 2, N=9). Increased t-PA (p<0.0001) and vWF:Ag (p=0.001) and decreased thrombomodulin (p<0.0001) were associated with increased D-dimer levels (p=0.0201) in patients. Group 2 had a higher prevalence of affected women (p=0.0242), lower arterial oxygen saturation, and higher t-PA levels compared with group 1 (p<0.0001, discriminant analysis). t-PA and vWF:Ag correlated positively in group 2 (r=0.71, p=0.0309), but not in group 1 (r=0.25, p=NS). Two patients in group 2 but none in group 1 had episodes of pulmonary arterial thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with evidence of CIC and correlates to some extent with the severity of symptoms in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Augusto Lopes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sanders TAB, Dean TS, Grainger D, Miller GJ, Wiseman H. Moderate intakes of intact soy protein rich in isoflavones compared with ethanol-extracted soy protein increase HDL but do not influence transforming growth factor beta(1) concentrations and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:373-7. [PMID: 12145009 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.2.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybeans contain estrogenic isoflavones that may influence plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and plasma lipid and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of moderate intakes of soy protein containing intact phytoestrogens (high-isoflavone diet) and soy protein from which most of the phytoestrogens had been extracted (low-isoflavone diet) on active TGF-beta(1) concentrations and plasma lipid and hemostatic risk factors for coronary heart disease. DESIGN A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 22 young, healthy, normolipidemic subjects (5 men and 17 women) who consumed diets providing 56 or 2 mg isoflavones/d for 17 d each with a 25-d washout period between treatments. Fasting blood samples were obtained on days 13 and 14 of each treatment to measure plasma isoflavone, lipid, fibrinogen, and active TGF-beta(1) concentrations and factor VII coagulant and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activities. RESULTS Plasma isoflavone concentrations were 100-999 times greater after the high-isoflavone diet than after the low-isoflavone diet (P < 0.05). Plasma HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations were 4% (95% CI: 1%, 8%) and 6% (95% CI: 3%, 10%) higher, respectively, after the high-isoflavone diet than after the low-isoflavone diet (P < 0.01 for both). CONCLUSION Compared with soy protein from which most of the phytoestrogens have been extracted, soy protein with intact phytoestrogens increases HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations but does not influence LDL-cholesterol, TGF-beta(1), or fibrinogen concentrations; factor VII coagulant activity; or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity in normolipidemic, healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A B Sanders
- Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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MacCallum PK, Meade TW. Haemostatic function, arterial disease and the prevention of arterial thrombosis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 1999; 12:577-99. [PMID: 10856986 DOI: 10.1053/beha.1999.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the expansion of information linking raised plasma levels of individual clotting factors and evidence of disturbances of fibrinolytic activity with the risk of thrombotic manifestations of arterial disease, both in community-based, apparently healthy populations and in patients with known atherosclerosis. Some of these prothrombotic changes in the haemostatic system may result partly from underlying chronic inflammation or acute infection and may, in turn, contribute substantially to the thrombotic risk which accompanies these underlying processes. The importance of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis of arterial thrombosis is further illustrated by the benefit in the Thrombosis Prevention Trial of low-intensity, dose-adjusted warfarin in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease. Clinical trials of bezafibrate, which is being used for its fibrinogen-lowering as well as lipid-modifying properties, are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K MacCallum
- Department of Haematology, St Bartholomew's and The Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
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Miller GJ. Lipoproteins and the haemostatic system in atherothrombotic disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 1999; 12:555-75. [PMID: 10856985 DOI: 10.1053/beha.1999.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable extent to which interactions between the plasma lipoproteins, inflammatory factors and the haemostatic system contribute to the response to injury and growth of the plaque in atherosclerosis is being increasingly documented. High plasma concentrations of very-low density (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), together with oxidatively modified LDL and lipoprotein (a), can induce responses in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, platelets, neutrophils and humoral factors that are in a variety of ways both procoagulant and antifibrinolytic. Plasma high-density lipoproteins appear to promote anticoagulant mechanisms. Post-prandial lipaemia is associated with transient changes in factor VII which may be indicative of temporary hypercoagulability. The cellular and humoral effects of LDL and VLDL on the haemostatic system appear to be largely reversible, which may help to explain the prompt improvement in the atherothrombotic state gained by correction of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Miller
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, UK
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