Comparison of eosin-thiazin and Papanicolaou-Shorr staining for endometrial cytologies of broodmares

Use of grape-based stain (Vinatela) on cervical cytology: A Peruvian validation study

Objectives

The Papanicolaou's (Pap's) stain is used for cervical cancer screening. It employs toxic-carcinogenic expensive reagents, which may not be easily accessible to many communities worldwide. The objective of this study was to validate the grape-based alcohol-extracted dye (Vinatela) on normal cervical samples for the Pap test.

Material and Methods

Samples of the two grape species were collected from two vineyards through the Agroindustrial Research Institute of Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista. The dye extraction from the grape species and the dye performance to stain cells were conducted in three phases: (a) direct staining with pre-fermentation wine products, (b) direct fragmentation of grapes and direct staining with shells of the grapes, and (c) alcoholic extraction of the dye. Vinatela obtained from two species (Vitis vinifera "Tempranillo" and "Malbec") and posterior staining of cervical samples. We conducted a double-blind validation on 30 cervical samples.

Results

The basophilic components of the cervical cells were stained. Alcoholic extraction staining protocol had a low yield. The nuclear and cytoplasmic borders, the nuclear details, and the polymorphonuclear nuclei were stained with Vinatela and could be differentiated during nuclear coloration. The initial staining protocol was 10- 20 min × (mean ~12 min) staining time. We noted a slightly better staining with V. v. Tempranillo as compared to V. v. Malbec (P = 0.045).

Conclusion

Cervical cells stained with Vinatela stain from two grape species cultivated in the Southern of Peru, showed basophilic nuclear details.

Identification of Primo-Vascular System in Abdominal Subcutaneous Tissue Layer of Rats

The primo-vascular system (PVS) is a novel network identified in various animal tissues. However, the PVS in subcutaneous tissue has not been well identified. Here, we examined the putative PVS on the surface of abdominal subcutaneous tissue in rats. Hemacolor staining revealed dark blue threadlike structures consisting of nodes and vessels, which were frequently observed bundled with blood vessels. The structure was filled with various immune cells including mast cells and WBCs. In the structure, there were inner spaces (20–60 µm) with low cellularity. Electron microscopy revealed a bundle structure and typical cytology common with the well-established organ surface PVS, which were different from those of the lymphatic vessel. Among several subcutaneous (sc) PVS tissues identified on the rat abdominal space, the most outstanding was the scPVS aligned along the ventral midline. The distribution pattern of nodes and vessels in the scPVS closely resembled that of the conception vessel meridian and its acupoints. In conclusion, our results newly revealed that the PVS is present in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue layer and indicate that the scPVS tissues are closely correlated with acupuncture meridians. Our findings will help to characterize the PVS in the other superficial tissues and its physiological roles.

Gross morphological features of the organ surface primo-vascular system revealed by hemacolor staining

The primo-vascular system (PVS), which consists of primo-vessels (PVs) and primo-nodes (PNs), is a novel thread-like structure identified in many animal species. Various observational methods have been used to clarify its anatomical properties. Here, we used Hemacolor staining to examine the gross morphology of organ-surface PVS in rats. We observed a sinus structure (20-50  μ m) with a remarkably low cellularity within PNs and PVs and several lines of ductules (3-5  μ m) filled with single cells or granules (~1  μ m) in PV. Both sinuses and ductules were linearly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the PVS. Such morphology of the PVS was further confirmed by acridine orange staining. In PN slices, there was a honeycomb-like structure containing the granules with pentagonal lumens (~10  μ m). Both PVs and PNs were densely filled with WBCs, RBCs, and putative mast cells (MCs), which were 90.3%, 5.9%, and 3.8% of the cell population, respectively. Granules in putative MCs showed spontaneous vibrating movements. In conclusion, the results show that Hemacolor, a simple and rapid staining system, can reveal the gross morphological features reported previously. Our findings may help to elucidate the structure and function of the PVS in normal and disease states in future studies.