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Samadianzakaria A, Abdolmaleki Z, Faedmaleki F. The effect of valproic acid and furosemide on the regulation of the inflammasome complex (NLRP1 and NLRP3 mRNA) in the brain of epileptic animal model. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Jiang H, Zhang S. Therapeutic effect of acute and chronic use of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairments induced by pentylenetetrazole in immature male rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:84-95. [PMID: 35656438 PMCID: PMC9118278 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.60123.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic intake of different doses of vitamin D3 on seizure responses and cognitive impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in immature male rats. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six immature male NMRI rats were divided into control (10), epileptic (10), and treatment groups (46). The stage 5 latency (S5L) and stage 5 duration (S5D) were assessed along with the shuttle box test. Levels of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factors along with genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 were measured in the hippocampus tissue of the brain of controlled and treated rats. Serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were also assessed. Results: The results showed that the ability to learn, memory consolidation, and memory retention in epileptic rats were reduced. In addition, S5D increased and S5L decreased in epileptic rats, while being effectively ameliorated by chronic and acute vitamin D intake. The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically decreased the levels of oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in hippocampus tissue and inhibited the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mTORc1 in the hippocampus tissue of epileptic rats. Conclusion: The results showed that vitamin D in different doses acutely and chronically could improve cognitive impairments and convulsive responses in epileptic rats by improving neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
| | - Suying Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, 714000, China
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Cukovic D, Bagla S, Ukasik D, Stemmer PM, Jena BP, Naik AR, Sood S, Asano E, Luat A, Chugani DC, Dombkowski AA. Exosomes in Epilepsy of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Carriers of Pro-Inflammatory MicroRNAs. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030040. [PMID: 34287356 PMCID: PMC8293460 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of small, secreted extracellular vesicles (EV) that have recently gained considerable attention for their role in normal cellular function, disease processes and potential as biomarkers. Exosomes serve as intercellular messengers and carry molecular cargo that can alter gene expression and the phenotype of recipient cells. Here, we investigated alterations of microRNA cargo in exosomes secreted by epileptogenic tissue in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a multi-system genetic disorder that includes brain lesions known as tubers. Approximately 90% of TSC patients suffer from seizures that originate from tubers, and ~60% are resistant to antiseizure drugs. It is unknown why some tubers cause seizures while others do not, and the molecular basis of drug-resistant epilepsy is not well understood. It is believed that neuroinflammation is involved, and characterization of this mechanism may be key to disrupting the "vicious cycle" between seizures, neuroinflammation, and increased seizure susceptibility. We isolated exosomes from epileptogenic and non-epileptogenic TSC tubers, and we identified differences in their microRNA cargo using small RNA-seq. We identified 12 microRNAs (including miR-142-3p, miR-223-3p and miR-21-5p) that are significantly increased in epileptogenic tubers and contain nucleic acid motifs that activate toll-like receptors (TLR7/8), initiating a neuroinflammatory cascade. Exosomes from epileptogenic tissue caused induction of key pathways in cultured cells, including innate immune signaling (TLR), inflammatory response and key signaling nodes SQSTM1 (p62) and CDKN1A (p21). Genes induced in vitro were also significantly upregulated in epileptogenic tissue. These results provide new evidence on the role of exosomes and non-coding RNA cargo in the neuroinflammatory cascade of epilepsy and may help advance the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cukovic
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.C.); (S.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Shruti Bagla
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.C.); (S.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Dylan Ukasik
- Translational Neurosciences Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Paul M. Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Bhanu P. Jena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (B.P.J.); (A.R.N.)
| | - Akshata R. Naik
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (B.P.J.); (A.R.N.)
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.C.); (S.B.); (E.A.)
- Translational Neurosciences Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Aimee Luat
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Diane C. Chugani
- Departments of Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19713, USA;
| | - Alan A. Dombkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (D.C.); (S.B.); (E.A.)
- Translational Neurosciences Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(313)-745-6381
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Fan X, Ma W, Zhang Y, Zhang L. P2X7 Receptor (P2X7R) of Microglia Mediates Neuroinflammation by Regulating (NOD)-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome-Dependent Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925491. [PMID: 32952148 PMCID: PMC7518010 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia participate in mediating neuroinflammation in which P2X7R triggered by adenosine triphosphate has a critical effect after spinal cord injury. However, how the P2X7R of microglia regulate neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which the P2X7 receptor of microglia regulates neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation. Material/Methods Sixt rats were divided into 5 groups: a sham group, a model group, a BzATP group, an A-438079 group, and a BzATP+CY-09 group. Rats in the sham group were only subjected to laminectomy and rats in the other groups were subjected to spinal cord injury followed by treatment with physiological saline, BzATP, A-438079, and BzATP following CY-09, separately. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze the scientific hypothesis. Results (i) P2X7R of microglia was upregulated and downregulated by BzATP, and A-438079 was upregulated after spinal cord injury. (ii) Upregulation of P2X7R on microglia is coincident with increase of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. (iii) P2X7R of microglia participates in spinal cord-mediated neuroinflammation via regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation. Conclusions P2X7R of microglia in spinal cord mediates neuroinflammation by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent inflammation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland).,Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Zhang
- Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland).,Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
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