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Al-Johani H, Haider J, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. Effect of surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramics. Dent Mater 2023; 39:779-789. [PMID: 37438204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM lithium silicate-based glass ceramics (LSC's) and their combined effect on the output of a light curing unit (LCU). METHODS Four CAD/CAM LSC's were investigated: Lithium Disilicate (Emax CAD; EC), Zirconia-reinforced silicates (Vita Suprinity; VS and Celtra Duo;CD) and Lithium Aluminum Disilicate (CEREC Tessera; CT). Ceramic specimens (n = 240) were divided into six subgroups according to their surface treatment: (a) Control, (b) Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 5%, (c) HF 5% + Neutralizing agent (N), (d) HF 9%, (e) HF 9% +N and (f) Self-etching ceramic primer (SEP). Irradiance, power and radiant exposure of a LCU were measured with MARC-LC following ceramic specimen interposition. Direct light transmission (T%) and absorbance (Abs%) of the specimens were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Roughness (Sa, Sq) and wettability (θ°) were measured with optical profilometry and sessile drop profile analysis, respectively. Biaxial flexural strength (σ) of the ceramic specimens was measured by the ball-on-three-balls method and ceramic specimens were examined microscopically. Statistical analyses was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Acid neutralization decreased T% and increased Abs% in all LSC's and highest T% was exhibited with VS. Neutralized EC, VS and CD displayed higher Sa in HF9, while neutralized CT displayed higher Sa in HF5. Self-etch primer significantly reduced θ° (p < 0.001). σ was observed in the followed ascending order: HF9 +N < HF9 < HF5 +N < HF5 < SEP < Control for all LSC's. SIGNIFICANCE Optical, topographical and mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM ceramic blocks were strongly dependent on the type of surface treatment. Results of neutralization post-etching indicate promising potential for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Johani
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Effect of Different Surface Treatments of Lithium Disilicate on the Adhesive Properties of Resin Cements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123302. [PMID: 34203752 PMCID: PMC8232589 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of hydrofluoric (HF) acid concentration and conditioning time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of dual cure resin cement to pressed lithium disilicate ceramic compared to treatment with an Etch and Prime self-etching glass-ceramic primer (EP). A total of 100 samples of pressed lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to surface treatment: two different concentrations of HF (5% or 9%), for different durations (20 or 90 s), or treatment with EP. Adhesion of light-cured resin cement to the treated surface was tested by the SBS test. The substrate surfaces of the specimen after failures were examined by SEM. Data were analyzed using Weibull distribution. The highest cumulative failure probability of 63.2% of the shear bond strength (η parameter) values was in the 9% HF −90 s group (17.71 MPa), while the lowest values were observed in the 5% HF −20 s group (7.94 MPa). SBS values were not affected significantly by the conditioning time (20 s or 90 s). However, compared to treatment with 5% HF, surface treatment with 9% HF showed a significantly higher η (MPa) as well as β (reliability parameter). Moreover, while compared to 9% HF for 20 s, EP treatment did not differ significantly in SBS values. Examination of the failure mode revealed a mixed mode of failure in all the groups. Within the limits of this study, it is possible to assume that IPS e.max Press surface treatment with 9% HF acid for only 20 s will provide a better bonding strength with resin cement than using 5% HF acid.
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Huang SW, Yeh FC, Ji YR, Su YF, Su YS, Chiang MH, Tzeng SC, Fu CY, Cheng A, Wang YC, Lee YT. Chitosan-based hydrogels to treat hydrofluoric acid burns and prevent infection. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1532-1544. [PMID: 34125402 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for treatments for hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns and their derivative problems that prevent hydrogen ion dissociation and fluoride ion binding to tissues. This study evaluated the ability of chitosan-based hydrogels combined with a buffer solution containing either boric acid or Tris and calcium gluconate (CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG) to repair HF burn wounds and prevent wound infections. We assessed calcium release rates and biocompatability and constructed a mouse HF burn model to assess the tissue repair effects of the hydrogels. Finally, we performed disc diffusion tests from burn tissue and quantified the bacterial counts to assess the anti-infection properties of the hydrogels. Calcium was gradually released in the CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG groups (73% and 43%, respectively, after 48 h). The cell viabilities at 48 h after HF burn in these groups were significantly higher than those in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and CG-treated groups. Histopathological evaluation showed a clear boundary between the epidermal and dermal layers in both CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG-treated groups, indicating their effectiveness in tissue repair. In the disc diffusion test, CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG exhibited larger inhibition zones against Acinetobacter baumannii than those for PBS and CG. The bacterial counts on HF burn wounds were significantly lower in the CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG-treated groups than those in the PBS and CG-treated groups. The in vitro studies demonstrated the biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects of the CHS-BA-CG and CHS-Tris-CG hydrogels. Both gels also demonstrated tissue repair and anti-infection effects. Thus, chitosan-based hydrogels may be candidates for HF burn therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ching Yeh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, 40466, Taiwan
| | - You-Ren Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10023, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fu Su
- Department of Emergency, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, 43303, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Shih Su
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11608, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 10031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Chiuan Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yao Fu
- Division of Orthopedics, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, 40466, Taiwan
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chi Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Al Haddad T, Khoury E, Farhat Mchayleh N. Comparison of the Remineralizing Effect of Brushing with Aloe vera versus Fluoride Toothpaste. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:133-138. [PMID: 33032331 PMCID: PMC7902096 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the present
in vitro
study is to compare the remineralization brushing effect of three toothpastes and
Aloe vera
(AV) gel.
Materials and Methods
Forty sound extracted teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution for 4 days and randomly assigned to four groups: group A: 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste; group B: AV nonfluoridated toothpaste; group C: AV 1,000-ppm fluoridated toothpaste; and group D: AV gel. A 3-minute pH cycling was performed twice a day for each group for 12 days. Specimens were analyzed before and after by scanning electron microscope—energy dispersive X-ray.
Statistical Analysis
The outcomes were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s tests, repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by univariate analyses, and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons tests to compare the calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio within time among toothpaste groups.
Results
Following remineralization, the Ca:P ratio increased in all groups. The difference of the Ca:P ratio was not significant between groups C, D, and A. The mean ratio was significantly lower in group B (
p
-value = 0.026).
Conclusions
The AV gel demonstrated a remineralization capacity equal to that of the 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste. In contrast, fluoride-free AV toothpaste showed a lower remineralization efficiency. Further studies are required to understand its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Al Haddad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Khoury
- Department of Orthodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Farhat Mchayleh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Alzainal AH, Majud AS, Al-Ani AM, Mageet AO. Orthodontic Bonding: Review of the Literature. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8874909. [PMID: 32733564 PMCID: PMC7376407 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8874909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients seeking orthodontic treatment are increasing, and clinicians often have to place brackets on various surfaces aside from enamel. It is crucial to know what materials or instruments are required to bond brackets to each surface. OBJECTIVE This study aims to serve as a clinical guideline for the safest and most effective approaches taken to condition various surfaces for bonding to orthodontic brackets and provide background knowledge on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, along with the use of Google Scholar search engine, to obtain relevant articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals, from 1955 to 2020. Keywords used were Shear bond strength; Orthodontic bracket; Base design; Etching; Sandblasting; Laser; Conditioning; Enamel; Ceramic; Porcelain; Gold; Amalgam; Composite. CONCLUSION Even though orthophosphoric acid is the most widely used enamel conditioning agent, laser etching should be considered to avoid enamel decalcification. Hydrofluoric acid is the current standard for ceramic conditioning; however, its use intraorally should be minimized due to its toxicity. Orthophosphoric acid, CoJet-Sand air abrasion, and laser etching are viable alternatives for conditioning ceramic. Monobond Etch & Prime is toxic and should not be used intraorally. Composite can be conditioned by bur roughening, and the use of ceramic brackets is recommended. Amalgam and gold surfaces can be conditioned adequately by air abrasion. Despite the claims of many authors, the maximum shear forces that orthodontic brackets are subjected to are not 6-8 mega pascal (MPa). Further investigation is required in that regard. More in vivo studies need to be performed to confirm the in vitro results.
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MOURA DMD, ARAÚJO AMMD, SOUZA KBD, VERÍSSIMO AH, TRIBST JPM, SOUZA RODAE. Hydrofluoric acid concentration, time and use of phosphoric acid on the bond strength of feldspathic ceramics. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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