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Mehawej C, Maalouf JE, Abdelkhalik M, Mahfouz P, Chouery E, Megarbane A. CNV Analysis through Exome Sequencing Reveals a Large Duplication Involved in Sex Reversal, Neurodevelopmental Delay, Epilepsy and Optic Atrophy. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:901. [PMID: 39062680 PMCID: PMC11275410 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duplications on the short arm of chromosome X, including the gene NR0B1, have been associated with gonadal dysgenesis and with male to female sex reversal. Additional clinical manifestations can be observed in the affected patients, depending on the duplicated genomic region. Here we report one of the largest duplications on chromosome X, in a Lebanese patient, and we provide the first comprehensive review of duplications in this genomic region. CASE PRESENTATION A 2-year-old female patient born to non-consanguineous Lebanese parents, with a family history of one miscarriage, is included in this study. The patient presents with sex reversal, dysmorphic features, optic atrophy, epilepsy, psychomotor and neurodevelopmental delay. Single nucleotide variants and copy number variants analysis were carried out on the patient through exome sequencing (ES). This showed an increased coverage of a genomic region of around 23.6 Mb on chromosome Xp22.31-p21.2 (g.7137718-30739112) in the patient, suggestive of a large duplication encompassing more than 60 genes, including the NR0B1 gene involved in sex reversal. A karyotype analysis confirmed sex reversal in the proband presenting with the duplication, and revealed a balanced translocation between the short arms of chromosomes X and 14:46, X, t(X;14) (p11;p11) in her/his mother. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the added value of CNV analysis from ES data in the genetic diagnosis of patients. It also underscores the challenges encountered in announcing unsolicited incidental findings to the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (C.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Joy El Maalouf
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Mohamad Abdelkhalik
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Mahfouz
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (J.E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (C.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 36, Lebanon; (C.M.); (E.C.)
- Institut Jérôme Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
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Bumbu A, Covantsev S, Sukhotko A, Grekov D, Turovets D. Poland’s syndrome and breast cancer: coincidence or not? Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:436-440. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Poland’s syndrome is an uncommon congenital anomaly of unknown etiology, the main characteristic of which is the absence of the major pectoral muscle. Thorax and upper limb malformations also may be present. Poland’s syndrome has been observed in clinical cases connected to a variety of neoplasia, primarily hematological disorders. Patients with Poland’s syndrome who have developed breast cancer have been reported incidentally. Here we report a case of Poland’s syndrome associated with breast cancer.
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Chait F, Bahlouli N, Chehrastane R, Mrani Alaoui N, Boughaleb F, Zouheir EA, Tarik EM, Allali N, El Haddad S, Chat L. Clinical and Radiological Features in Poland Syndrome: Report of 3 Cases and Review of Literature. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231219388. [PMID: 38152297 PMCID: PMC10752095 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231219388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poland syndrome is indeed a rare congenital malformation that can present with various degrees of thoracic and homolateral upper limb anomalies. The classic features of Poland syndrome include agenesis or hypoplasia of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle, hypoplasia of the nipple, absence of subcutaneous fat, multiple rib abnormalities, and sometimes Sprengel deformity (elevation of the scapula). Additionally, ipsilateral symbrachydactyly (combination of "short fingers" with cutaneous syndactyly [fused fingers]) may also be observed. However, it's important to note that not all of these findings are always present in every patient, and the combination of features can vary greatly. Surgical treatment for Poland syndrome primarily focuses on improving pulmonary functions resulting from severe thoracic deformities. However, it is frequently performed with the additional goal of enhancing cosmetic appearance. In recent times, the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fat transfer has shown promising results for correcting chest defects and breast augmentation. In our study, we present a series of 3 cases that were referred to our institution due to thoracic deformities associated with Poland syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Chait
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nourrelhouda Bahlouli
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachida Chehrastane
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nidal Mrani Alaoui
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fadoua Boughaleb
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El alami Zouheir
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - El Medhi Tarik
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nazik Allali
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham El Haddad
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Latifa Chat
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Hu H, Huang Y, Hou R, Xu H, Liu Y, Liao X, Xu J, Jiang L, Wang D. Xp22.31 copy number variations in 87 fetuses: refined genotype-phenotype correlations by prenatal and postnatal follow-up. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 37013593 PMCID: PMC10069036 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xp22.31 deletion and duplication have been described in various studies, but different laboratories interpret pathogenicity differently. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to refine the genotype-phenotype associations between Xp22.31 copy number variants in fetuses, with the aim of providing data support to genetic counseling. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array results from 87 fetuses and their family members. Phenotypic data were obtained through follow-up visits. RESULTS The percentage of fetuses carrying the Xp22.31 deletions (9 females, 12 males) was 24.1% (n = 21), while duplications (38 females, 28 males) accounted for 75.9% (n = 66). Here, we noted that the typical region (from 6.4 to 8.1 Mb, hg19) was detected in the highest ratio, either in the fetuses with deletions (76.2%, 16 of 21) or duplications (69.7%, 46 of 66). In female deletion carriers, termination of pregnancy was chosen for two fetuses, and the remaining seven were born without distinct phenotypic abnormalities. In male deletion carriers, termination of pregnancy was chosen for four fetuses, and the remaining eight of them displayed ichthyosis without neurodevelopmental anomalies. In two of these cases, the chromosomal imbalance was inherited from the maternal grandfathers, who also only had ichthyosis phenotypes. Among the 66 duplication carriers, two cases were lost at follow-up, and pregnancy was terminated for eight cases. There were no other clinical findings in the rest of the 56 fetuses, including two with Xp22.31 tetrasomy, for either male or female carriers. CONCLUSION Our observations provide support for genetic counseling in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 copy number variants. Most of them are asymptomatic in male deletion carriers, except for skin findings. Our study is consistent with the view that the Xp22.31 duplication may be a benign variant in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Renke Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueqian Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juchun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lupin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Gubb SJA, Brcic L, Underwood JFG, Kendall KM, Caseras X, Kirov G, Davies W. Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2872-2881. [PMID: 32766777 PMCID: PMC7566349 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase) gene at Xp22.31 are associated with X-linked ichthyosis, corneal opacities, testicular maldescent, cardiac arrhythmia, and higher rates of developmental and mood disorders/traits, possibly related to the smaller volume of some basal ganglia structures. The consequences of duplication of the same genomic region have not been systematically assessed in large or adult samples, although evidence from case reports/series has indicated high rates of developmental phenotypes. We compared multiple measures of physical and mental health, cognition and neuroanatomy in male (n = 414) and female (n = 938) carriers of 0.8–2.5 Mb duplications spanning STS, and non-carrier male (n = 192, 826) and female (n = 227, 235) controls from the UK Biobank (recruited aged 40–69 from the UK general population). Clinical and self-reported diagnoses indicated a higher prevalence of inguinal hernia and mania/bipolar disorder respectively in male duplication carriers, and a higher prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and blistering/desquamating skin disorder respectively in female duplication carriers; duplication carriers also exhibited reductions in several depression-related measures, and greater happiness. Cognitive function and academic achievement did not differ between comparison groups. Neuroanatomical analysis suggested greater lateral ventricle and putamen volume in duplication carriers. In conclusion, Xp22.31 duplications appear largely benign, but could slightly increase the likelihood of specific phenotypes (although results were only nominally-significant). In contrast to deletions, duplications might protect against depressive symptoms, possibly via higher STS expression/activity (resulting in elevated endogenous free steroid levels), and through contributing towards an enlarged putamen volume. These results should enable better genetic counselling of individuals with Xp22.31 microduplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J A Gubb
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucija Brcic
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jack F G Underwood
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley M Kendall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Caseras
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - George Kirov
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - William Davies
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.,School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
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