The Use of Electrophilic Cyclization for the Preparation of Condensed Heterocycles

Temperature-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Pyrazoles and 1-Tosyl-1H-pyrazoles under Transition-Metal-Catalyst- and Oxidant-Free Conditions

Herein, a general and practical temperature-controlled approach for the divergent synthesis of pyrazoles and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrazoles via electrophilic cyclization in the absence of transition-metal catalysts and oxidants was developed. The desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields from common starting materials in both ionic liquids and ethanol by simply tuning the reaction temperature. This strategy employs easily synthesized substrates, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional-group tolerance.

Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Series of Bis-1,2,4-Triazoles as Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitor

INTRODUCTION

Heterocyclic compounds have diverse biological activities and potential in drug development. This study aims to synthesize novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores and evaluate their biological properties, particularly their inhibitory activity against thymidine phosphorylase (TP), an enzyme involved in various physiological processes.

METHODS

The compounds were synthesized by reacting 5,5'-butane-bis-1,2,4-triazole derivatives with prenyl bromide. Characterization involved various techniques, including spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated against bacteria and fungi, with comparative antibiotics as references. Inhibitory activity against TP was assessed, and molecular docking studies were conducted.

RESULTS

Six compounds were successfully synthesized and their structures confirmed. The synthesized triazole derivatives exhibited high biological activity, with compounds 2 and 6 showing the most promising TP inhibition. Molecular docking studies revealed interactions between compound 2 and TP, involving nine amino acids.

DISCUSSION

The synthesis of novel compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores contributes significantly to bis-triazole research. These compounds have potential as anti-tumor agents due to their inhibitory activity against TP, a crucial enzyme in tumor growth and metastasis. Comparative evaluation against antibiotics highlights their potency. Docking results provide insights into their interactions with TP, supporting their potential as potent TP inhibitors. Further research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and optimizing their activities.

CONCLUSION

The synthesized compounds with two 1,2,4-triazole cores exhibit significant biological activity, including strong TP inhibition and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. These findings emphasize their potential as anti-tumor agents and the need for further exploration and optimization. Future research should focus on evaluating their efficacy in biological models, understanding their mechanisms of action, and developing more potent bis-triazole derivatives for drug discovery efforts. The combined results from assays and docking studies support the therapeutic potential of these compounds as anti-tumor agents.

PhICl2-Mediated Regioselective and Electrophilic Oxythio/Selenocyanation of o-(1-Alkynyl)benzoates: Access to Biologically Active S/SeCN-Containing Isocoumarins

The application of PhICl₂/NH₄SCN and PhICl₂/KSeCN reagent systems to the synthesis of the biologically active S/SeCN-containing isocoumarins via a process involving thio/selenocyanation, enabled by thio/selenocyanogen chloride generated in situ, followed with an intramolecular lactonization was realized. Gram-scale synthesis, further derivatization to access C4 thio/selenocyanated Xyridin A and anti-tumor activities of the obtained products highlight the potential use of this method.

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of functional derivatives of thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles

Background:

Condensed triazoles are a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds due to a wide range of biological activity. The study is dedicated to the evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of new functional derivatives of thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles.

Methods:

Effective, easy-to-implement and low-cost routes to the production of title compounds via electrophilic intramolecular heterocyclization are reported. Bactericidal and fungicidal activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus were studied. The influence of functional groups on the biological activity of tested thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles is discussed.

Results:

Microbiological evaluation shows that 6-[(trichlorotellanyl)methyl]-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazol-3-amine hydrogen chloride 2a and 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(trichloro-λ4-tellanyl)methyl]-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole 2g have a high bactericidal activity and Cu (I) salts of 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-iodomethyl/6-methylidene-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]thiazolo-[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles 5a,c have a high fungicidal activity.

Conclusion:

it must be concluded that these products or their derivatives may be of practical benefit as bactericidal and fungicidal agents.

Selective halocyclization and iodosulfonylation of N-benzothiazol2-yl alkynamides under mild conditions

An effective synthetic entry to pyrimidobenzothiazoles via 6-endo-dig halocyclization of N-benzothiazol-2-yl alkynamides was developed under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope. Several multisubstituted α,β-enones were synthesized by using the...