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Joshi H, Paul D, Sathyamoorthi S. Oxidations of Alcohols, Aldehydes, and Diols Using NaBr and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11240-11252. [PMID: 37490704 PMCID: PMC10804234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
We present protocols for the oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes and for the oxidative cyclization of diols which use a combination of Selectfluor and NaBr. For most substrates, the optimal solvent system is a 1:1 mixture of CH3CN/H2O, but, in select cases, biphasic 1:1 mixtures of EtOAc/H2O or CH2Cl2/H2O are superior. This procedure is operationally simple, uses inexpensive and readily available reagents, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest that the active oxidant is hypobromous acid, generated by the almost instantaneous oxidation of Br- by Selectfluor in an aqueous milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Debobrata Paul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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2
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Paul T, Saikia PP, Borah D, Mahanta N, Baruah A, Borah JM, Saikia BJ, Raidongia K, Gogoi RK, Gogoi R. Ni(OH)
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nanoparticles as a recyclable catalyst in acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols to acids/acid salts under aerobic conditions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa Paul
- Department of Chemistry Darrang College 784001 Tezpur India
| | | | | | | | - Arabinda Baruah
- Department of Chemistry Gauhati University 781014 Guwahati India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raktim Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry IIT Guwahati 781039 Guwahati India
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3
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Xu M, Ou J, Luo K, Liang R, Liu J, Li N, Hu B, Liu K. External Catalyst- and Additive-Free Photo-Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids or Ketones Using Air/O2. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073031. [PMID: 37049794 PMCID: PMC10096038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an environment-friendly and highly efficient method for the oxidation of aromatic alcohols to carboxylic acids or ketones in air via light irradiation under external catalyst-, additive-, and base-free conditions. The photoreaction system exhibits a wide substrate scope and the potential for large-scale applications. Most of the desired products are easily obtained via recrystallization and separation from low-boiling reaction medium acetone in good yields, and the products can be subsequent directly transformed without further purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (K.L.)
| | - Kejun Luo
- Analytical Testing Center, Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Changsha 410012, China
| | - Rongtao Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Ni Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Bonian Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Kaijian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (K.L.)
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4
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Lu GH, Zong MH, Li N. Combining Electro-, Photo-, and Biocatalysis for One-Pot Selective Conversion of Furfural into Value-Added C4 Chemicals. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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5
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Rational design of cobalt catalysts embedded in N-Doped carbon for the alcohol dehydrogenation to carboxylic acids. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 as an Efficient and Facile Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation to Carboxylates. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Kar S, Milstein D. Oxidation of Organic Compounds Using Water as the Oxidant with H 2 Liberation Catalyzed by Molecular Metal Complexes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2304-2315. [PMID: 35881940 PMCID: PMC9386904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions of organic compounds play a central role in both industrial chemical and material synthesis as well as in fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis. While traditional laboratory-scale oxidative syntheses have relied on the use of strong oxidizers, modern large-scale oxidation processes preferentially utilize air or pure O2 as an oxidant, with other oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and aqueous chlorine solution also being used in some processes. The use of molecular oxygen or air as an oxidant has been very attractive in recent decades because of the abundance of air and the lack of wasteful byproduct generation. Nevertheless, the use of high-pressure air or, in particular, pure oxygen can lead to serious safety concerns with improper handling and also necessitates the use of sophisticated high-pressure reactors for the processes.Several research groups, including ours, have investigated in recent times the possibility of carrying out catalytic oxidation reactions using water as the formal oxidant, with no added conventional oxidants. Along with the abundant availability of water, these processes also generate dihydrogen gas as the reaction coproduct, which is a highly valuable fuel. Several well-defined molecular metal complexes have been reported in recent years to catalyze these unusual oxidative reactions with water. A ruthenium bipyridine-based PNN pincer complex was reported by us to catalyze the oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylate salts with alkaline water along with H2 liberation, followed by reports by other groups using other complexes as catalysts. At the same time, ruthenium-, iridium-, and rhodium-based complexes have been reported to catalyze aldehyde oxidation to carboxylic acids using water. Our group has combined the catalytic aqueous alcohol and aldehyde oxidation activity of a ruthenium complex to achieve the oxidation of biomass-derived renewable aldehydes such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furoic acid and furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), respectively, using alkaline water as the oxidant, liberating H2. Ruthenium complexes with an acridine-based PNP ligand have also been employed by our group for the catalytic oxidation of amines to the corresponding lactams, or to carboxylic acids via a deaminative route, using water. Similarly, we also reported molecular complexes for the catalytic Markovnikov oxidation of alkenes to ketones using water, similar to Wacker-type oxidation, which, however, does not require any terminal oxidant and produces H2 as the coproduct. At the same time, the oxidation of enol ethers to the corresponding esters with water has also been reported. This account will highlight these recent advances where water was used as an oxidant to carry out selective oxidation reactions of organic compounds, catalyzed by well-defined molecular complexes, with H2 liberation. The oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, amines, alkenes, and enol ethers will be discussed to provide an outlook toward other functional groups' oxidation. We hope that this will aid researchers in devising other oxidative dehydrogenative catalytic systems using water, complementing traditional oxidative processes involving strong oxidants and molecular oxygen.
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Kim E, Cardosa GB, Stanley KE, Williams TJ, McCurry DL. Out of Thin Air? Catalytic Oxidation of Trace Aqueous Aldehydes with Ambient Dissolved Oxygen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8756-8764. [PMID: 35671187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water reuse is expanding due to increased water scarcity. Water reuse facilities treat wastewater effluent to a very high purity level, typically resulting in a product water that is essentially deionized water, often containing less than 100 μg/L organic carbon. However, recent research has found that low-molecular-weight aldehydes, which are toxic electrophiles, comprise a significant fraction of the final organic carbon pool in recycled wastewater in certain treatment configurations. In this manuscript, we demonstrate oxidation of trace aqueous aldehydes to their corresponding acids using a heterogeneous catalyst (5% Pt on C), with ambient dissolved oxygen serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Mass balances are essentially quantitative across a range of aldehydes, and pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics are observed in batch reactors, with kobs varying from 0.6 h-1 for acetaldehyde to 4.6 h-1 for hexanal, while they are low for unsaturated aldehydes. Through kinetic and isotopic labeling experiments, we demonstrate that while oxygen is essential for the reaction to proceed, it is not involved in the rate-limiting step, and the reaction appears to proceed primarily through a base-promoted β-hydride elimination mechanism from the hydrated gem-diol form of the corresponding aldehyde. This is the first report we are aware of that demonstrates useful abiotic oxidation of a trace organic contaminant using dissolved oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Georgia B Cardosa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Katarina E Stanley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Travis J Williams
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Daniel L McCurry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Abstract
IBX is an oxidation reagent that has surged into prominence in the last two decades. It is cost-effective, environmentally benign and readily prepared from o-iodobenzoic acid. However, its insolubility in common organic solvents and explosive attributes upon impact and heating are debilitating disadvantages. Development of modified IBXs,i.e., mIBXs, that exhibit improved solubility and enhanced reactivity, and obviate explosive attributes by a judicious manipulation of the structure of IBX has been an incessant endeavor. In this account, common organic solvent-soluble modified o-iodoxybenzoic acids (mIBXs) developed in our research group are collated with discussion of rationale underlying the design principles. Steric build-up around the iodoxolone moiety that is responsible for strong intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice of IBX constitutes the key consideration in the design and development of modified λ5-iodanes that are reactive and sparingly soluble in common organic solvents. In situ generation of mIBXs from precursor iodo-acids in the presence of Oxone® permits employment of the latter as organocatalysts for facile oxidative transformations. Reactive mIBXs generated in situ from precursor modified iodoacids (mIAs, I(I)) in the presence of Oxone® may constitute unrivaled prospects for cost-effective oxidations. Applications of mIBXs, generated in situ or otherwise, for efficient oxidations are consolidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshaba Nanda Parida
- Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids by Self-Supported NHC-Ru Single-Site Catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Greco R, Tiburcio-Fortes E, Fernandez A, Marini C, Vidal-Moya A, Oliver-Meseguer J, Armentano D, Pardo E, Ferrando-Soria J, Leyva-Pérez A. MOF-stabilized perfluorinated palladium cages catalyze the additive-free aerobic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to acids. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103781. [PMID: 34929061 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extremely high electrophilic metal complexes, composed by a metal cation and very electron poor σ-donor ancillary ligands, are expected to be privileged catalysts for oxidation reactions in organic chemistry. However, their low lifetime prevents any use in catalysis. Here we show the synthesis of fluorinated pyridine-Pd 2+ coordinate cages within the channels of an anionic tridimensional metal organic framework (MOF), and their use as efficient metal catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to carboxylic acids without any additive. Mechanistic studies strongly support that the MOF-stabilized coordination cage with perfluorinated ligands unleashes the full electrophilic potential of Pd 2+ to dehydrogenate primary alcohols, without any base, and also to activate O 2 for the radical oxidation to the aldehyde intermediate. This study opens the door to design catalytic perfluorinated complexes for challenging organic transformations, where an extremely high electrophilic metal site is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Greco
- CSIC: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, ITQ, SPAIN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- CSIC, Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica, Avda. de los Naranjos S/N, 46022, Valencia, SPAIN
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12
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Si T, Kim HY, Oh K. One-Pot Direct Oxidation of Primary Amines to Carboxylic Acids through Tandem ortho-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed and TBHP-Promoted Oxidation Sequence. Chemistry 2021; 27:18150-18155. [PMID: 34755925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic oxidation of primary amines to carboxylic acids has been developed where the copper-containing amine oxidase (CuAO)-like o-NQ-catalyzed aerobic oxidation was combined with the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-like TBHP-mediated imine oxidation protocol. Notably, the current tandem oxidation strategy provides a new mechanistic insight into the imine intermediate and the seemingly simple TBHP-mediated oxidation pathways of imines. The developed metal-free amine oxidation protocol allows the use of molecular oxygen and TBHP, safe forms of oxidant that may appeal to the industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Si
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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