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Blättler P, Altermatt M, Röhrich M, Grütter N. Serial kinematic analysis using inertial measurement units in growing dogs at risk of hip dysplasia. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100385. [PMID: 39188578 PMCID: PMC11345306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, 54 dogs were examined at regular intervals from 12 weeks to 15 months of age using a gait analysis system based on inertial measurement sensors. At the end of the study, the dogs were examined for hip dysplasia (HD) and elbow dysplasia (ED) under sedation and officially classified at the Dysplasia Commission in Zurich. Gait parameters which are characteristic for the gait pattern of dogs, were calculated according to recent publications. These parameters were analysed for variance throughout the entire study period and assigned to healthy dogs and those suffering from HD. The findings of the study show that dogs suffering from HD exhibit a more unsteady gait pattern, e.g. higher variance, as they grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Blättler
- Orthovet, Fasanenstrasse 13, CH-4402 Frenkendorf, Switzerland
| | - M. Altermatt
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - M. Röhrich
- HSEF s.r.o., Druzstevni 84, 691 81 Brezi, Czech Republic
| | - N. Grütter
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
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2
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Pinna S, Vezzoni A, Di Benedetto M, Lambertini C, Tassani C. Characterization of FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) Grades for Hip Dysplasia in Five Dog Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2212. [PMID: 37444010 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to verify whether the radiographic morphologic differences detected within the first three grades of hip dysplasia (A, B, C) of each of the five selected breeds and within the same breeds were statistically significant enough to require a breed-specific evaluation. A total of 422 technical evaluation forms of hip dysplasia (HD) in Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers, Bernese Mountain dogs, and German Shepherd dogs were obtained from the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) archive. The data were evaluated using a descriptive statistical analysis. In Labrador Retrievers, the craniolateral acetabular rim and femoral head position were already altered in unaffected dogs; however, within the various FCI grades, the most severe changes involved the conformation of the femoral neck. All the radiographic parameters of the Golden Retriever hips changed progressively and evenly. Significant radiographic changes between FCI grades were found in the German Shepherd dogs, and the alterations involving the acetabulum were more severe and appeared earlier than in the femoral head and neck. In the Bernese Mountain dogs, the most severe alterations were in the position of the femoral head and joint space while the femoral head and neck showed no significant progression between grades. All the radiographic parameters of non-dysplastic Rottweilers were normal; however, the progression of the primary signs was similar to the other breeds, although with lower severity. In conclusion, no significant prevalence of the radiographic features was observed for any specific breed. However, significant individual breed variations in the primary radiographic parameters were found between dogs with and without dysplasia which could be useful for better understanding the consequences of biomechanical differences between breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Vezzoni
- Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni, Via delle Vigne 190, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Benedetto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Lambertini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Tassani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy
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Aghapour M, Bockstahler B, Kneissl S, Vezzoni A, Gumpenberger M, Hechinger H, Tichy A, Vidoni B. Radiographic Diagnosis of Hip Laxity in Rottweilers: Interobserver Agreement at Eight- and Twelve-Months of Age. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020231. [PMID: 36670771 PMCID: PMC9855059 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip laxity is one of the predisposing factors of canine hip dysplasia. The early diagnosis of hip laxity allows veterinarians to prevent the participation of dysplastic dogs in breeding programs, which could lower the disease's prevalence due to its genetic background. Furthermore, it allows them to plan preventive/therapeutic procedures for mild/near-normal hips to reduce the symptoms of the disease at older ages. A reliable screening program must be repeatable and reproducible, and intra- and inter-observer studies can help us to determine the best methods. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radiographic parameters used for the early diagnosis of hip dysplasia in Rottweilers at 8 and 12 months of age with five observers to assess the interobserver agreements. According to our findings, there were high interobserver agreements at both ages for the quantitative values, such as the center edge angle (CEA), dorsal acetabular rim slope (DARS), distraction index (DI), and Norberg angle (NA), whereas we recorded from poor to moderate agreements for the qualitative values, such as the grading of the dorsal acetabular rim (GDAR), grading of the degenerative joint disease (GDJD), location of the center of the femoral head (LCFH), and sclerosis of the cranial acetabular rim (SCAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Aghapour
- Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Section of Physical Therapy, Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Bockstahler
- Section of Physical Therapy, Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aldo Vezzoni
- Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni S.R.L., 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Michaela Gumpenberger
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Hechinger
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department for Biomedical Services, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Britta Vidoni
- Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Franco-Gonçalo P, Moreira da Silva D, Leite P, Alves-Pimenta S, Colaço B, Ferreira M, Gonçalves L, Filipe V, McEvoy F, Ginja M. Acetabular Coverage Area Occupied by the Femoral Head as an Indicator of Hip Congruency. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172201. [PMID: 36077921 PMCID: PMC9454438 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate radiographic screening evaluation is essential in the genetic control of canine HD, however, the qualitative assessment of hip congruency introduces some subjectivity, leading to excessive variability in scoring. The main objective of this work was to validate a method-Hip Congruency Index (HCI)-capable of objectively measuring the relationship between the acetabulum and the femoral head and associating it with the level of congruency proposed by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), with the aim of incorporating it into a computer vision model that classifies HD autonomously. A total of 200 dogs (400 hips) were randomly selected for the study. All radiographs were scored in five categories by an experienced examiner according to FCI criteria. Two examiners performed HCI measurements on 25 hip radiographs to study intra- and inter-examiner reliability and agreement. Additionally, each examiner measured HCI on their half of the study sample (100 dogs), and the results were compared between FCI categories. The paired t-test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed no evidence of a systematic bias, and there was excellent reliability between the measurements of the two examiners and examiners’ sessions. Hips that were assigned an FCI grade of A (n = 120), B (n = 157), C (n = 68), D (n = 38) and E (n = 17) had a mean HCI of 0.739 ± 0.044, 0.666 ± 0.052, 0.605 ± 0.055, 0.494 ± 0.070 and 0.374 ± 0.122, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Therefore, these results show that HCI is a parameter capable of estimating hip congruency and has the potential to enrich conventional HD scoring criteria if incorporated into an artificial intelligence algorithm competent in diagnosing HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Franco-Gonçalo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moreira da Silva
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leite
- Neadvance Machine Vision SA, 4705-002 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Lio Gonçalves
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Filipe
- School of Science and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering (INESC-TEC), Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fintan McEvoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Vidoni B, Aghapour M, Kneissl S, Vezzoni A, Gumpenberger M, Hechinger H, Tichy A, Bockstahler B. Inter-Observer Agreement in Radiographic Diagnosis of Coxofemoral Joint Disease in a Closed Cohort of Four-Month-Old Rottweilers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1269. [PMID: 35625115 PMCID: PMC9137964 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia is a complex and multifactorial disease. The early diagnosis of dysplastic dogs under one year of age helps veterinarians to plan proper preventive/therapeutic methods. Having an accurate screening method increases the chance of the early detection of dysplasia. The goal of our study was to assess the inter-observer reliability of eight radiographic parameters in four-month-old Rottweilers. Radiographs of the 28 Rottweilers were investigated by five experienced observers. The radiographs were taken in ventrodorsal view with extended legs, frog-leg ventrodorsal view, distraction view, and dorsal acetabular rim view. Four quantitative parameters such as Norberg angle (NA), distraction index (DI), dorsal acetabular rim slope (DARS), and center edge angle (CEA) and four qualitative parameters such as sclerosis of the cranial acetabular rim (SCAR), location of the center of the femoral head (LCFH), grading of the degenerative joint disease (GDJD), and grading of the dorsal acetabular rim (GDAR) were evaluated. High inter-observer agreements were recorded for quantitative values, whereas the inter-observer agreement of the qualitative parameters was low. It can be deduced that the evaluated quantitative parameters are reliable, and a combination of these methods with clinical examinations might increase the accuracy of the examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Vidoni
- Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Masoud Aghapour
- Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Section of Physical Therapy, Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Sibylle Kneissl
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (M.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Aldo Vezzoni
- Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni S.R.L., 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Michaela Gumpenberger
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (M.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Harald Hechinger
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.K.); (M.G.); (H.H.)
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Platform Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department for Biomedical Services, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Barbara Bockstahler
- Section of Physical Therapy, Small Animal Surgery, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Early Diagnosis of Canine Hip Laxity: Correlation between Clinical Orthopedic Examinations and the FCI Scoring Method in a Closed Cohort of Rottweilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020416. [PMID: 33562008 PMCID: PMC7915998 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine hip dysplasia is one of the most frequently occurring orthopedic diseases in dogs, and hip laxity is the primary sign of this disease. The early diagnosis of hip laxity in puppies would make veterinarians capable of planning preventative procedures to treat the disease or reduce the severity of disease at older ages. These procedures would improve the quality of the life of the dogs and reduce treatment costs. Furthermore, because of the importance of genetics in this disease, dogs with a risk of developing canine hip dysplasia in the future could be excluded from breeding programs. Therefore, the early diagnosis of canine hip laxity, as well as the selection of proper diagnostic methods, are of great importance in small animal orthopedics. Abstract Canine hip dysplasia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by hip laxity and osteoarthritis. The early diagnosis of hip laxity is an important topic in small animal orthopedics. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between clinical orthopedic examinations and the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) scoring method. Thirty purebred Rottweilers were examined at approximately four (20 ± 2 weeks), eight (35 ± 2 weeks), and twelve months of age (54 ± 1 weeks), respectively. The Ortolani, Barlow, and Bardens tests and reduction/subluxation angle measurements were performed at each time. FCI scoring was conducted at the third examination time. Positive correlations were recorded between the reduction angle and Ortolani test, reduction angle and FCI score, and Ortolani test and FCI score for the second and third examination dates. No correlation was observed between the subluxation angle and other methods. Despite previous studies reporting 16–20 weeks as the earliest age for diagnosing hip laxity in dogs, in our study, early diagnosis was possible from the age of 35 ± 2 weeks. This difference might originate from the small sample size, low number of the dogs with severe grades of laxity, and breed differences.
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