Treatment for Acute Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fractures and Fracture-Dislocations: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Extension block pinning for chronic volar base fractures of the middle phalanges

Due to the simplicity, low cost and benefit of avoiding long-term joint immobilization, extension block pinning could be a suitable option for treating the volar base fractures of the middle phalanges. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of using extension block pinning in chronic volar base fractures of the middle phalanges. In total, 26 patients with chronic closed volar base fractures of the middle phalanges were included our study. The mean age was 37 years (SD 11.59), and the mean follow-up time was 35 months (SD 19.41). The mean active range of motion (ROM) after surgery was 93° (SD 12.9). There was a negative correlation between the age and the ROM of the injured proximal interphalangeal joint after surgery. ROM did not correlate with the articular surface involvement or the interval between injury and surgery. We obtained a satisfactory result from extension block pinning for volar base fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joint in patients with chronic injuries.Level of evidence: IV.

Current Outcomes and Treatments of Complex Phalangeal and Metacarpal Fractures

Phalangeal and metacarpal fractures that require operative treatment have documented complications in around 50% of patients. The most common of these complications are stiffness and malunion. These can be highly challenging problems for the hand surgeon. In this article, we discuss complications after phalangeal and metacarpal fractures and treatment strategies for these complications.

Hemi-capitate Arthroplasty for Dorsal Fracture-Dislocations of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: Surgical Technique and Illustrative Case

Osteochondral graft from the carpal bone allows anatomical joint reconstruction in unstable dorsal fracture-dislocations with > 50% of the articular surfaces. The most used graft is the dorsal hamate. Hemi-hamate arthroplasty is technically challenging and has anatomical incongruity, and many authors have evolved various modifications in the palmar buttress reconstruction of the middle phalanx base. Therefore, there are no universally accepted treatment modalities for these complex articular injuries. This article describes the dorsal capitate as the osteochondral graft for middle phalanx volar articular surface reconstruction. Hemi-capitate arthroplasty was done on a 40-year-old man with an unstable dorsal fracture dislocation of the PIP joint. The osteochondral capitate graft united well, and the joint congruency was good at the final follow-up. The surgical technique, illustrative images, and rehabilitation are discussed. With the evolving technical modifications and complications in Hemi-hamate arthroplasty, distal capitate may be considered a reliable and alternate osteochondral graft for unstable PIP joint fracture-dislocations.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43465-023-00853-2.

A randomised clinical trial comparing outcomes of a single digit volar plate injury - Buddy loops versus dorsal thermoplastic orthosis in a neutral position: study protocol

BACKGROUND

Volar plate injuries are a common hand injury and complications associated with this injury such as a fixed flexion deformity, persistent pain and oedema can have a significant impact on a person's function. The literature reports these injuries are treated using various splinting materials such as thermoplastic, in varying degrees of proximal interphalangeal joint flexion or buddy loops. Despite volar plate injuries being reported as common, optimal non-surgical treatment of these injuries remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether a dorsal blocking orthosis in a neutral position (0⁰) is more effective than buddy loops for a volar plate injury to the proximal interphalangeal joint in preventing a fixed flexion deformity, reducing pain, managing oedema, and promoting function.

METHODS

This study is a single-centre, prospective parallel-group, single blinded (assessor), randomised clinical trial. Patients between 18-65 years, who have sustained a volar plate injury to a single digit, have adequate cognitive functioning and give written informed consent will be invited to participate in this study. Patients will be randomised to either the control group where they will be fitted with buddy loops and commence early active motion exercises or the experimental group where they will receive a dorsal thermoplastic orthosis in a neutral position and commence early active motion exercises. The primary outcome measure is passive proximal interphalangeal joint extension and secondary outcome measures include passive range of motion, total passive motion, active range of motion, total active motion, grip strength, oedema, pain, function and adherence to treatment. Assessments will be completed until 8 weeks following commencement of treatment. The sample size calculation indicates that 23 patients is required in each group. With an expected dropout rate of 25% a total of 32 patients will be enrolled in each group.

DISCUSSION

This study will assist in trying to improve treatment of volar plate injuries and assist in reducing complications associated with volar plate injuries, potentially reducing the need for prolonged hand therapy.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

This trial has been registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001425785p). Ethical approval has been granted by the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District ethical committee (2022/ETH01697).

Long-term outcomes after extension block pinning for fracture-dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint

IV.

Treatment of hand and finger fractures with the Stryker Hand Plating System

Objectives: 10% of all fractures occur in the fingers and metacarpal region. Early mobilization with preservation of grip function is the goal of any therapy for these injuries. Osteosyntheses with plates are used in complex fractures that do not allow any other treatment. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the performance and safety of the Stryker Hand System. Patients and methods: Between 2010 and 2019, 190 patients underwent surgical treatment with plates for fractures of the fingers and metacarpal region. Of these, 140 operations could be analyzed according to the inclusion criteria based on clinical and radiological parameters. Results: Three-quarters of the patients were male. The mean age at the time of surgery was 39.3±16 years. Falling was the leading cause for hand fractures, and the most common were fractures of the shaft (>52%). More than 15% were complex hand injuries with more than one fractured finger. The majority of patients were healthy non-smokers without systemic diseases and relevant medical history. Conclusion: The Stryker Finger Plates are safe implants with good results that are consistent with those reported in the literature. The trend is also toward stable-angle implants for fracture treatment of the finger, in order to enable the earliest possible functional, safe mobilization. Level of Evidence: Level: IV; outcome-study, retrospective.