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Marín-Velasquez J, Osorio-Vélez L, Lassila L, Ardila CM. Effect of Finishing Protocol on Obtaining and Maintaining Gloss in Four Nanohybrid Resin Composites. Cureus 2024; 16:e69073. [PMID: 39391395 PMCID: PMC11465800 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.69073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Within the clinical objectives of performing direct restorations with resin composites is the achievement of an optimal surface in mechanical terms, while also resembling the natural optical characteristics of dental enamel. The aim of this study is to compare the gloss levels achieved in four nanohybrid resins using four different finishing/polishing (F/P) protocols and assess the retention of gloss after an aging process. METHODS Forty-eight A2-colored samples from four commercial brands (Filtek Z250 XT, Tetric N-Ceram, Zafira, and Spectra Smart) were prepared, with 12 specimens per resin. The samples were divided into four subgroups based on the F/P treatment: T1 (clinical polishing sequence with ShapeGuard system), T2 (metallographic polishing sequence), T3 (clinical polishing sequence with PermaSeal), and T4 (final polymerization through glycerin and clinical polishing sequence). Gloss measurements were taken before and after aging. ANOVA one-way was done. RESULTS Before aging, Z250 showed the highest average gloss in T1 (77.2 gloss units - GU), while Zafira (43.8 GU), Tetric (39.5 GU), and Spectra (33.5 GU) had lower values. In T2, Zafira (92.7 GU) and Spectra (87.4 GU) had the highest average gloss, and Tetric (75.7 GU) and Z250 (78.3 GU) had the lowest. No significant differences were found in T3, and in T4, Z250 had the highest average gloss (78.9 GU), followed by Tetric (74.7 GU) and Zafira (52.5 GU), with Spectra having the lowest (42.7 GU). Control group gloss levels ranged from 61.8 to 71.8 GU and remained consistent after aging, except for Tetric in T1 (p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS The impact of F/P strategies on gloss retention varies with the material, even within the same resin composite classification. The initial gloss level appears to be a more critical factor for long-term gloss retention than the specific F/P protocol used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Osorio-Vélez
- Prosthodontics Postgraduate Program, University of Antioquia, Medellín, COL
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Biomaterials Science, Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FIN
| | - Carlos M Ardila
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, COL
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Liu Z, Qiu B, Liao Z, Guo C, Wang C, Zhang L. Effect of different techniques on removal of residual resin cement and marginal roughness of porcelain laminate veneers. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00453-0. [PMID: 39138092 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A consensus regarding how to effectively remove residual resin cement and polish the restoration margin during the cementation of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) is lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different cleaning and polishing techniques on the removal of residual resin cement and margin surface roughness of PLVs. MATERIAL AND METHODS PLVs were bonded to prepared buccal surfaces of extracted human premolars. All specimens were randomly divided by using a random number table into 8 groups (n=6): curette (C); brush (B); curette + polisher (CP); curette + rotary instrument (CR); curette + rotary instrument + polisher (CRP); brush + polisher (BP); brush + rotary instrument (BR); brush + rotary instrument + polisher (BRP). The relative amount of residual cement along the PLV margins were observed with a stereomicroscope and evaluated with a software program of Image J. The surface roughness and 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of the restoration margins were evaluated with a 3D topography scanner. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the microscopic morphological characteristics of the restoration margins. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way analysis of variance (α=.05). RESULTS Different techniques were associated with significantly different efficiencies in terms of removing residual cement and the surface roughness at the restoration margins (P<.001). The lowest relative amount of residual cement, as well as the lowest surface roughness, was detected in the BRP group (P<.001). SEM observation indicated that the BRP technique also maintained the integrity of the cement layer. CONCLUSIONS The removal of excess cement before polymerization using a brush, followed by sequential polishing with high-speed rotary instruments and low-speed polishers represents an effective technique in the removal of residual cement and smoothing the restoration margin without impairing the integrity of the bonded interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengya Liu
- Attending Physician, Department of Stomatology, The 989th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Luoyang, PR China; and State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Biying Qiu
- Resident Physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zixuan Liao
- Attending Physician, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chang Guo
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Resident Physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Associated Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Jrady A, Ragab H, Algahtani FN, Osman E. In vitro study on the impact of various polishing systems and coffee staining on the color stability of bleach-shaded resin composite. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:712. [PMID: 38902697 PMCID: PMC11191283 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of different polishing techniques and coffee staining on the color stability of four commercially available bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid, nanohybrid, nanofilled, and injectable nanohybrids. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 224 discs (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from four different bleach-shade composite resins, namely microhybrid (Gradia Direct Anterior), nanohybrid (Palfique LX5), nanofilled (Filtek Universal), and injectable nanohybrid (flowable G-aenial universal injectable). The composite resin groups were polished via four techniques: no polishing, 4-step polishing using aluminum oxide discs, 3-step polishing using silicon rubber diamond discs, and one-step polishing. Half of each group was immersed in water, while the other half was immersed in coffee for 12 days (n = 7). Colors were measured using a clinical spectrophotometer, and color differences were calculated (ΔE). The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The alterations in color were significantly influenced by the techniques employed for finishing and polishing techniques, composite resin type, and degree of coffee staining. Regardless of the polishing technique and storage medium, different material types showed a significant color change (ΔE) at P < 0.001. Filtek exhibited the most significant color change, followed by Gradia and Palfique, with no significant differences between them. In addition, Different polishing techniques resulted in significant color changes (P < 0.001). The highest degree of color change was seen in the no-polishing group, followed by the 4-step and 1-step polishing groups, with negligible differences between each other. Also, Storage media had a significant effect on ΔE values. CONCLUSION Appropriate finishing and polishing procedures can improve the color stability of bleach-shaded composite resins. Coffee has a deleterious effect on color; however, injectable flowable nanohybrid composites are more resistant to staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jrady
- Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ragab
- Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahda N Algahtani
- Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Essam Osman
- Dental BioMaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Alharbi G, Al Nahedh HN, Al-Saud LM, Shono N, Maawadh A. Effect of different finishing and polishing systems on surface properties of universal single shade resin-based composites. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38326838 PMCID: PMC10848531 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, universal single-shade resin composites have become increasingly available in the dental market. The modification of their composition can have an inadvertent effect on their physical and surface properties, and subsequently determinantal effect on their clinical function and longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different finishing and polishing (F/P) systems on surface roughness (Ra), surface gloss (GU), and Vickers microhardness (VMH) of universal single-shade RBCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial RBCs were used; the universal single-shade RBCs were Omnichroma, Charisma® Diamond ONE, and Vittra APS Unique, and a conventional nanocomposite Filtek™ Z250 XT was used as a control. The 3 F/P systems were Sof-Lex™ XT, Enhance®/PoGo®, and Diacomp® Plus Twist. A total of 160 discs were used for the 3 F/P system groups for all RBCs (n = 10). After F/P, the Ra, GU, and VMH were assessed. The data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS Significant differences were found among the four RBCs and the 3 F/P systems (p < .000). Omnichroma showed the lowest Ra and acceptable GU, but the lowest VMH. Charisma showed the highest Ra, acceptable GU, and VMH. Vittra showed acceptable Ra, GU, and VMH and Filtek showed the highest GU, VMH, and acceptable Ra. CONCLUSION Although conventional nanohybrid RBC (Filtek Z250 XT) showed better GU and VMH values, the universal single-shade RBCs demonstrated comparable surface properties. The highest GU & VMH and lowest Ra were achieved by Diacomp followed by Enhance and Soflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Alharbi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Box 84428, Riyadh, PO, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hend Na Al Nahedh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loulwa M Al-Saud
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Shono
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Elgammal YA, Temirek MM, Hassanein OE, Abdelaziz MM. The Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on Surface Properties of New Flowable Bulk-fill Resin Composite. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:587-594. [PMID: 38193183 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this research was to explore how various finishing and polishing techniques affect the surface roughness (Ra) and gloss of flowable bulk-fill injectable resin composite utilized for posterior teeth restoration, following exposure to a range of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) over three months. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised fifty-six disk specimens of G-aenial™ Bulk Injectable flowable resin composite which were created using a Teflon mold (10 × 4 mm). Two techniques of finishing and polishing (F/P) were employed: The two-step 3M™ Sof-Lex™ F/P spiral wheels system and the multiple-step 3M™ Sof-Lex™ XT finishing disks supplemented by the Ultradent Jiffy HiShine polisher cup system. The Ra and gloss of the prepared specimens were measured using an interference microscope system and Horiba gloss checker respectively, immediately post-finishing and polishing and then reassessed after three months in artificial saliva and Coca-Cola. RESULTS The two-step system showed a statistically significant difference, exhibiting greater "surface roughness (Ra)" and lower "surface gloss (GU)" mean values compared to the multiple-step system under different storage conditions, particularly after 3 months of storage (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The multiple-step polishing system improved the "Ra" and "GU" of resin composite, suggesting their suitability for posterior resin composite restorations. Acidic media had a deleterious impact on the "Ra" and "GU" of resin composite restoration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The quality of resin composite restorations can be significantly improved with the correct use of finishing and polishing systems, particularly in complex areas of posterior teeth restorations, leading to successful dental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Elgammal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt, Phone: +20 1157564592, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0848-9156
| | - Marwa M Temirek
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-6773
| | - Olfat E Hassanein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Monaliza M Abdelaziz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-6083
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Zamudio-Santiago J, Ladera-Castañeda M, Santander-Rengifo F, López-Gurreonero C, Cornejo-Pinto A, Echavarría-Gálvez A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas C. Effect of 16% Carbamide Peroxide and Activated-Charcoal-Based Whitening Toothpaste on Enamel Surface Roughness in Bovine Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010022. [PMID: 36672530 PMCID: PMC9856117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activated charcoal is a nanocrystalline form of carbon with a large specific surface area and high porosity in the nanometer range, having consequently the capacity to absorb pigments, chromophores, and stains responsible for tooth color change, while carbamide peroxide is unstable and breaks down immediately upon contact with tissue and saliva, first dissociating into hydrogen peroxide and urea and subsequently into oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 16% carbamide peroxide and activated-charcoal-based whitening toothpaste on enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth. Materials and Methods: The present experimental in vitro, longitudinal, and prospective study consisted of 60 teeth randomly distributed in six groups: A: artificial saliva, B: conventional toothpaste (Colgate Maximum Protection), C: whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear), D: 16% carbamide peroxide (Whiteness Perfect 16%), E: 16% carbamide peroxide plus conventional toothpaste (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Colgate Maximum Protection), and F: 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (Whiteness Perfect 16% plus Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clear). Surface roughness was assessed with a digital roughness meter before and after each treatment. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t test for related samples was used, in addition to the ANOVA test for one intergroup factor, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The surface roughness variation of bovine tooth enamel, before and after application of bleaching agent, was higher in groups of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.200 µm, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.105; 0.296 µm) and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (0.201 µm, (CI): 0.092; 0.309 µm). In addition, bovine teeth treated with conventional toothpaste (p = 0.041), whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.001), and 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.002) significantly increased their surface roughness values. On the other hand, significant differences were observed when comparing the variation in surface roughness between the application of artificial saliva (control) and the whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.031), and the 16% carbamide peroxide plus whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste with activated charcoal and in combination with 16% carbamide peroxide significantly increased enamel surface roughness in bovine teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zamudio-Santiago
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Flor Santander-Rengifo
- Academic Program of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15023, Peru
| | | | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
| | | | | | - César Cayo-Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima 15001, Peru
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima 15067, Peru
- Correspondence:
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Carrillo-Marcos A, Salazar-Correa G, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Castañeda M, López-Gurreonero C, Cachay-Criado H, Aliaga-Mariñas A, Cornejo-Pinto A, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cayo-Rojas CF. The Microhardness and Surface Roughness Assessment of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Treated with and without the Application of an Oxygen-Inhibited Layer and a Polishing System: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153053. [PMID: 35956567 PMCID: PMC9370367 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the microhardness and surface roughness of bulk-fill resin composites treated with and without the application of an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) and a polishing system. This in vitro experimental study consisted of 72 resin composite blocks divided into three groups: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Opus Bulk Fill APS, and Filtek Bulk Fill. Each resin composite group was further divided into two subgroups: with and without OIL control. Subsequently, surface roughness and microhardness were measured before and after polishing. A t-test was used to compare independent and related measures. For the intergroup comparison of variation before and after polishing, the Kruskal−Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc was used considering a significance level of p < 0.05. When comparing surface roughness, significant differences were observed between Opus Bulk Fill resin composite with and without OIL control (p = 0.003) before polishing. The same occurred when comparing Tetric N-Ceram resin composite with and without OIL control (p = 0.039) after polishing. In addition, the surface roughness of Filtek Bulk Fill, Opus Bulk Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites, with and without OIL control, decreased significantly after polishing (p < 0.001), while surface microhardness significantly increased (p < 0.05), with the exception of Opus Bulk Fill resin with OIL control (p = 0.413). In conclusion, OIL control and polishing significantly improved the surface roughness and surface microhardness of Filtek Bulk Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill resin composites. However, in the case of Opus Bulk Fill resin composite, only its surface roughness was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Carrillo-Marcos
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Giuliany Salazar-Correa
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Leonor Castro-Ramirez
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | | | - Hernán Cachay-Criado
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
| | - Ana Aliaga-Mariñas
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
- “Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global”, Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, 15001 Lima, Peru; (M.L.-C.); (A.A.-M.)
| | | | - César Félix Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, 15066 Lima, Peru; (A.C.-M.); (G.S.-C.); (L.C.-R.); (H.C.-C.); (A.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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The Effect of Various Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Two Resin Composites—An In Vitro Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The long-term success of a composite restoration largely depends on its smoothness, which can be achieved by the appropriate polishing tools and material selection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of two composite materials after the application of selected polishing systems. Filtek Ultimate (FU) and Filtek Z250 (FZ) were tested. Forty specimens of each material were prepared. After polymerization under a Mylar strip, the surface roughness of five samples from each group was measured. Subsequently, all specimens were ground by 600 grit sandpaper. The surface roughness of five samples per group was tested again. The samples from each group were randomly assigned to eight subgroups, and polished by Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, Super Snap, One Gloss, Astrobrush, Stainbuster, Enamel Shiny, and Jiffy Polishing System. The collected data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The lowest Ra coefficient after polishing is found in the Super Snap groups (FU—0.077 μm, FZ—0.085 μm). The lowest Rlr coefficient is measured in the Enamel Shiny group for FU (1.000), and for Sof-Lex, Sof-Lex Diamond Polishing System, and Jiffy Polishing Kit for FZ (1.001), and only slightly higher for Super Snap (FU—1.001, FZ—1.002). The roughest-measured surface is in the One Gloss group for FU (Ra—0.657 µm, Rlr—1.009), and Astrobrush group for FZ (Ra—0.525 μm, Rlr—0.011). Additionally, it was not confirmed that the nanoparticle material (FU) demonstrates better results than the microhybrid one (FZ). Different polishing systems produce varying surface roughness. The most effective polishing system is Super Snap. The structure of composites does not significantly affect their surface roughness after polishing.
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Gaviria-Martinez A, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Castañeda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cachay-Criado H, Alvino-Vales M, Garcia-Luna G, López-Gurreonero C, Cornejo-Pinto A, Cayo-Rojas CF. Surface roughness and oxygen inhibited layer control in bulk-fill and conventional nanohybrid resin composites with and without polishing: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:258. [PMID: 35754035 PMCID: PMC9235274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that dental restorations with rough surfaces can have several disadvantages such as pigment retention or plaque accumulation, which can facilitate caries formation, color variation, loss of brightness, degradation of restoration, among others. The present study aimed to assess surface roughness in bulk fill and conventional nanohybrid resins with and without polishing, controlling the oxygen inhibited layer. Methods This in vitro and longitudinal experimental study consisted of 120 resin blocks of 6 mm diameter and 4 mm depth, divided into two groups: Bulk Fill (Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk-fill, Opus Bulk Fill APS, Filtek™ Bulk Fill) and conventional nanohybrid (Tetric® N-Ceram, Opallis EA2, Filtek™ Z250 XT). Each resin group was divided into two equal parts, placing glycerin only on one of them, in order to control the oxygen inhibited layer. Subsequently, the surface roughness was measured before and after the polishing procedure with Sof-Lex discs. The data were analyzed with the T-test for related measures, and for comparison between groups before and after polishing, the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test with the Bonferroni post hoc was used, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Before polishing, the resin composites with the lowest surface roughness were Opus Bulk Fill APS (0.383 ± 0.186 µm) and Opallis EA2 (0.430 ± 0. 177 µm) with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, respectively; while after polishing, those with the lowest surface roughness were Opus Bulk Fill APS (0.213 ± 0.214 µm) and Tetric N-Ceram (0.097 ± 0.099 µm), with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, respectively. Furthermore, before and after polishing, all resins significantly decreased their surface roughness (p < 0.05) except Opus Bulk Fill APS resin with oxygen inhibited layer control (p = 0.125). However, when comparing this decrease among all groups, no significant differences were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion The Opus Bulk Fill APS resin with oxygen inhibited layer control presented lower surface roughness both before and after polishing, being these values similar at both times. However, after polishing the other bulk fill and conventional nanohybrid resins with and without oxygen inhibited layer control, the surface roughness decreased significantly in all groups, being this decrease similar in all of them. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02297-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marysela Ladera-Castañeda
- "Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - María Alvino-Vales
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Carlos López-Gurreonero
- "Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Cornejo-Pinto
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.,"Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - César F Cayo-Rojas
- School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
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10
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Molina GF, Cabral RJ, Mazzola I, Burrow M. Surface gloss, gloss retention, and color stability of 2 nano-filled universal resin composites. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e43. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fabián Molina
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Restorative Dental Sciences Division, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ricardo Juan Cabral
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Mazzola
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael Burrow
- Restorative Dental Sciences Division, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Zhang L, Yu P, Wang XY. Surface roughness and gloss of polished nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:1198-1203. [PMID: 34484588 PMCID: PMC8403785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose There is limited literature on the polishability of new launched nanofilled and nanohybrid. The aim of this study is to evaluate the polishability of nanofilled and nanohybrid composites by measuring surface roughness and gloss values and explore the surface qualities of composite before and after polishing in vitro. Materials and methods One nanofilled resin composite, two nanohybrid resin composites and one microhybrid resin composite were selected. All specimens were light cured against celluloid matrix strips. Then surface roughness(Ra) and gloss(GU) values were tested as negative control. Specimens were roughened with a 600-grit silicon carbide paper for 30 s to serve as positive control and then polished with Sof-Lex polishing disk system. Mean Ra and GU values of each step were measured with a profilometer and a small-area glossmeter. The surface qualities were observed by scanning electron microscope. Results Ra values of polished surfaces were significantly higher than negative control and lower than positive control(P < 0.05). All materials showed no significant difference on Ra values after polishing(P > 0.05). GU values of polished surfaces were significantly lower than negative control and higher than positive control(P < 0.05). After polishing the microhybrid resin composite showed lower GU values than nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composite groups. The SEM images showed surface textures and irregularities were corresponded to the results of surface roughness and gloss. Conclusion No significant differences were noted on surface roughness among nanofilled, nanohybrid, and microhybrid composites after polishing with Sof-Lex disc system. Microhybrid composite presented lower gloss values than nanofilled and nanohybrid resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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12
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Ramírez-Vargas GG, Medina Y Mendoza JE, Aliaga-Mariñas AS, Ladera-Castañeda MI, Cervantes-Ganoza LA, Cayo-Rojas CF. Effect of Polishing on the Surface Microhardness of Nanohybrid Composite Resins Subjected to 35% Hydrogen Peroxide: An In vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:216-221. [PMID: 34036085 PMCID: PMC8118048 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The use of bleaching agents, despite being a conservative treatment, can cause a decrease in the surface microhardness of dental resins, affecting their aesthetics and performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of polishing on the surface microhardness of nanohybrid composite resins that were subjected to bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, in vitro experimental study consisted of 30 composite resin samples made according to ISO 4049-2019 and divided equally into two groups (A and B) which were subjected to 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching. Group A was subjected to polishing procedure, whereas group B was the control group. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h. The Vickers microhardness was determined with a load of 100 g-f for 10 s. The data were analyzed with Student’s t-test for independent samples at a confidence level of 95%. Results: The surface microhardness of the group that was subjected to polishing (A) obtained a mean of 78.07 ± 7.96 HV, whereas for the group that was not subjected to polishing (B) the mean was 65.67 ± 5.22 HV. The difference between groups (A and B) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Nanohybrid composite resins previously subjected to 35% hydrogen peroxide gel significantly increased their surface microhardness when subjected to polishing when compared with unpolished nanohybrid composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marysela Irene Ladera-Castañeda
- Posgraduate School and Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru.,School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru
| | | | - César Félix Cayo-Rojas
- Posgraduate School and Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru.,School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.,Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Investigation Institute, Lima, Peru
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