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Dalili D, Holzwanger DJ, Fleming JW, Igbinoba Z, Dalili DE, Beall DP, Isaac A, Yoon ES. Advanced Interventional Procedures for Knee Osteoarthritis: What Is the Current Evidence? Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024; 28:267-281. [PMID: 38768592 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1781432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the highest among all joints and likely to increase over the coming decades. Advances in the repertoire of diagnostic capabilities of imaging and an expansion in the availability and range of image-guided interventions has led to development of more advanced interventional procedures targeting pain related to OA pain while improving the function of patients presenting with this debilitating condition. We review the spectrum of established advanced interventional procedures for knee OA, describe the techniques used to perform these procedures safely, and discuss the clinical evidence supporting each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danoob Dalili
- Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre (SWLEOC), Dorking Road, Epsom, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Dorking Road, Epsom, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Holzwanger
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jacob W Fleming
- Comprehensive Specialty Care, Edmond, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Zenas Igbinoba
- Department of Radiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Daniel E Dalili
- Department of Radiology, Southend University Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas P Beall
- Comprehensive Specialty Care, Edmond, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Amanda Isaac
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward S Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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2
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Cazzato RL, Dalili D, De Marini P, Koch G, Autrusseau PA, Weiss J, Auloge P, Garnon J, Gangi A. Bone Consolidation: A Practical Guide for the Interventional Radiologist. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:1458-1468. [PMID: 36539512 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, interventional radiologists have been increasingly involved in the management of bone fractures resulting from benign (osteoporosis and trauma), as well as malignant (tumor-related impending or pathologic fractures) conditions. Interventional techniques used to fix fractures include image-guided osteoplasty, screw-mediated osteosynthesis, or combinations of both. In the present narrative review, we highlight the most common clinical scenarios that may benefit from such interventional techniques with specific focus on spine, pelvic ring, and long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Luigi Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Danoob Dalili
- Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre (SWLEOC), Dorking Road, Epsom, London, KT18 7EG, UK
| | - Pierre De Marini
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Koch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Human Anatomy, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Julia Weiss
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Auloge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Garnon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Afshin Gangi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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Hegde G, Iyengar KP, Kurisunkal V, Sharma GK, Ariyaratne S, Botchu R. Current role and future applications of image-guided interventional procedures in musculoskeletal oncology - A narrative review. J Orthop 2023; 44:99-106. [PMID: 37746308 PMCID: PMC10514383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal (MSK) image-guided interventional procedures have been increasingly used in and remain crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal tumours. Aims In this article, we aim to describe commonly performed interventional procedures in the subspeciality of MSK oncology drawing experience from our tertiary referral centre. Recent advances, emerging techniques and future applications of image-guided interventional procedures in the field of MSK oncology are highlighted. Material and methods A retrospective search using the keyword 'musculoskeletal system', 'neoplasms', 'biopsy', and 'interventional radiology' was performed at our tertiary care oncology orthopaedic referral centre radiology database. The radiology images were collected from our Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and Radiology Information System (RIS). Electronic Patient Records, histopathology laboratory records and patient characteristics were collaborated to generate this narrative experience at our centre. Results Image-guided interventional procedures have been utilised in a spectrum of primary and secondary MSK tumours. Current applications include diagnosis of bone and soft tissue MSK neoplastic lesions with biopsies, thermal, cryotherapy and Radiofrequency ablations and augmentation procedures. Conclusion Musculoskeletal (MSK) image-guided interventions have increasing applications in the diagnosis, management, treatment and monitoring of patients with MSK tumours. The emergence of newer imaging technologies with enhanced skills of interventional radiologists will allow a range of therapeutic MSK interventions in both effective control of primary lesions and palliative care of metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Hegde
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal National Orthopedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - Vineet Kurisunkal
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Sisith Ariyaratne
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Recht MP, White LM, Fritz J, Resnick DL. Advances in Musculoskeletal Imaging: Recent Developments and Predictions for the Future. Radiology 2023; 308:e230615. [PMID: 37642575 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Recht
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (M.P.R., J.F.); Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada (L.M.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSD Teleradiology and Education Center, La Jolla, Calif (D.L.R.)
| | - Lawrence M White
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (M.P.R., J.F.); Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada (L.M.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSD Teleradiology and Education Center, La Jolla, Calif (D.L.R.)
| | - Jan Fritz
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (M.P.R., J.F.); Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada (L.M.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSD Teleradiology and Education Center, La Jolla, Calif (D.L.R.)
| | - Donald L Resnick
- From the Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 First Ave, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10016 (M.P.R., J.F.); Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada (L.M.W.); and Department of Radiology, UCSD Teleradiology and Education Center, La Jolla, Calif (D.L.R.)
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5
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Bauones S, Cazzato RL, Dalili D, Koch G, Garnon J, Gantzer J, Kurtz JE, Gangi A. Precision pain management in interventional radiology. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:270-278. [PMID: 36931782 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a common manifestation of several benign and malignant conditions. Inadequate response to conservative therapies is often succeeded by incremental use of analgesics and opioids; however, such an approach is often ineffective, not well tolerated by patients, and carries the risk of addiction leading to the opioid crisis. Implementing minimally invasive percutaneous procedures, performed by interventional radiologists has proven to be successful in providing safe, effective, and patient-specific therapies across a wide range of painful conditions. In the present narrative review, we will review the repertoire of minimally invasive imaging guided interventions, which have been successfully used to treat common painful benign and malignant conditions. We briefly describe each technique, common indications, and expected results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bauones
- Medical Imaging Administration, Musculoskeletal Imaging Department (AlAwaji, Banuones), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Radiology and Medical Imaging Department (Alsaadi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - R L Cazzato
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg-Europe Cancer Institute (ICANS), 67033, Strasbourg, France.
| | - D Dalili
- Academic Surgical Unit, South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre (SWLEOC), Dorking Road, Epsom, London, KT18 7EG, UK; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Dorking Road, Epsom, KT18 7EG, UK
| | - G Koch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France; Institut of Human Anatomy, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Garnon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Gantzer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg-Europe Cancer Institute (ICANS), 67033, Strasbourg, France; Department of Cancer and Functional Genomics INSERM UMR_S1258, Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - J E Kurtz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Strasbourg-Europe Cancer Institute (ICANS), 67033, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Gangi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
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Dalili D, Dalili DE, Isaac A, Martel-Villagrán J, Fritz J. Treatment of Osteoid Osteoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2023; 40:100-105. [PMID: 37152792 PMCID: PMC10159722 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danoob Dalili
- Department of Radiology, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel E. Dalili
- Department of Radiology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Isaac
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jan Fritz
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Multimodal Treatment for a Giant Unresectable Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformation. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:1443-1445. [PMID: 35839987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Tomasian A, Filippiadis DK, Tutton S, Deschamps F, Cazzato RL, Prologo JD, Kelekis A, Levy J, Gangi A, Garnon J, Jennings JW. Comprehensive Palliative Musculoskeletal Interventional Radiology Care for Patients with Cancer. Radiographics 2022; 42:1654-1669. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Weber MA, Bazzocchi A, Nöbauer-Huhmann IM. Tumors of the Spine: When Can Biopsy Be Avoided? Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2022; 26:453-468. [PMID: 36103887 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Regarding osseous tumors of the spine, characteristic morphology is encountered in hemangioma of the vertebral body, osteoid osteoma (OO), osteochondroma, Paget's disease, and bone islands. In these cases, radiologic imaging can make a specific diagnosis and thereby avoid biopsy, especially when the radiologist has chosen the correct imaging modality to establish the diagnosis, such as thin-slice computed tomography in suspected OO. A benign lesion is suggested by a high amount of fat within the lesion, the lack of uptake of the contrast agent, and a homogeneous aspect without solid parts in a cystic tumor. Suspicion of malignancy should be raised in spinal lesions with a heterogeneous disordered matrix, distinct signal decrease in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, blurred border, perilesional edema, cortex erosion, and a large soft tissue component. Biopsy is mandatory in presumed malignancy, such as any Lodwick grade II or III osteolytic lesion in the vertebral column. The radiologist plays a crucial role in determining the clinical pathway by choosing the imaging approach wisely, by narrowing the differential diagnosis list, and, when characteristic morphology is encountered, by avoiding unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alberto Bazzocchi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Iris-M Nöbauer-Huhmann
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Interventional Radiology in the Management of Metastases and Bone Tumors. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123265. [PMID: 35743336 PMCID: PMC9225477 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional Radiology (IR) has experienced an exponential growth in recent years. Technological advances of the last decades have made it possible to use new treatments on a larger scale, with good results in terms of safety and effectiveness. In musculoskeletal field, painful bone metastases are the most common target of IR palliative treatments; however, in selected cases of bone metastases, IR may play a curative role, also in combination with other techniques (surgery, radiation and oncology therapies, etc.). Primary malignant bone tumors are extremely rare compared with secondary bone lesions: osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma are the most common; however, the role of interventional radiology in this fiels is marginal. In this review, the main techniques used in interventional radiology were examined, and advantages and limitations illustrated. Techniques of ablation (Radiofrequency, Microwaves, Cryoablation as also magnetic resonance imaging-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound), embolization, and Cementoplasty will be described. The techniques of ablation work by destruction of pathological tissue by thermal energy (by an increase of temperature up to 90 °C with the exception of the Cryoablation that works by freezing the tissue up to -40 °C). Embolization creates an ischemic necrosis by the occlusion of the arterial vessels that feed the tumor. Finally, cementoplasty has the aim of strengthening bone segment weakened by the growth of pathological tissue through the injection of cement. The results of the treatments performed so far were also assessed and presented focused the attention on the management of bone metastasis.
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Mansur A, Garg T, Shrigiriwar A, Etezadi V, Georgiades C, Habibollahi P, Huber TC, Camacho JC, Nour SG, Sag AA, Prologo JD, Nezami N. Image-Guided Percutaneous Ablation for Primary and Metastatic Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061300. [PMID: 35741109 PMCID: PMC9221861 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-guided percutaneous ablation methods have been further developed during the recent two decades and have transformed the minimally invasive and precision features of treatment options targeting primary and metastatic tumors. They work by percutaneously introducing applicators to precisely destroy a tumor and offer much lower risks than conventional methods. There are usually shorter recovery periods, less bleeding, and more preservation of organ parenchyma, expanding the treatment options of patients with cancer who may not be eligible for resection. Image-guided ablation techniques are currently utilized for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors in various organs including the liver, pancreas, kidneys, thyroid and parathyroid, prostate, lung, bone, and soft tissue. This article provides a brief review of the various imaging modalities and available ablation techniques and discusses their applications and associated complications in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar Garg
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Apurva Shrigiriwar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Vahid Etezadi
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Christos Georgiades
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Peiman Habibollahi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Timothy C. Huber
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Dotter Department of Interventional Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Juan C. Camacho
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Radiology Associates of Florida, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA
| | - Sherif G. Nour
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Florida State University College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Alan Alper Sag
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - John David Prologo
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Nariman Nezami
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: or
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Fritz J. Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging: Primers of Radiographic Evaluation, Advanced Magnetic resonance imaging, and Image-Guided Treatments. Semin Roentgenol 2022; 57:182-183. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Dalili D, Isaac A, Garnon J, Cazzato RL, Gangi A. Towards Personalized Musculoskeletal Interventional Oncology: Enhanced Image-Guided Biopsies and Interventions. Semin Roentgenol 2022; 57:201-211. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Dalili D, Isaac A, Cazzato RL, Åström G, Bergh J, Mansour R, Weber MA, Garnon J, Gangi A. Interventional Techniques for Bone and Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Tumors: Current Practices and Future Directions - Part II. Stabilization. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:710-725. [PMID: 33307586 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous image-guided oncologic interventions have rapidly evolved over the last two decades as an independent strategy or used within a first-, second-, or even third-line strategy in the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors. Abundant mostly nonrandomized publications have described the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of implementing percutaneous therapies both with curative and palliative intent. In this article, we continue to share our experience in bone and MSK soft tissue interventions focusing on stabilization and combined ablation and stabilization. We propose a pathway and explore future directions of image-guided interventional oncology related to skeletal disease. We reflect on the advantages and limitations of each technique and offer guidance and pearls to improve outcomes. Representing patterns from our practices, we demonstrate the role of collaborative working within a multidisciplinary team, ideally within a dedicated tumor treatment center, to deliver patient-specific therapy plans that are value based and favored by patients when given the choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danoob Dalili
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.,School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Isaac
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Luigi Cazzato
- Imagerie Interventionnelle, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Gunnar Åström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (Oncology) and Department of Surgical Sciences (Radiology), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramy Mansour
- Department of Radiology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Paediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julien Garnon
- Imagerie Interventionnelle, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Afshin Gangi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Imagerie Interventionnelle, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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