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Enteghad S, Shirban F, Nikbakht MH, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A. Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal/Peri-Implant Disease: A Contemporaneous Review. Int Dent J 2024; 74:426-445. [PMID: 38614881 PMCID: PMC11123523 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), a major chronic disease and a leading cause of death and disability around the world, is rising. According to the latest data, the global prevalence of DM has increased to 463 million (9.3% of adults) in 2019 and is estimated to reach 700 million by 2045. Periodontal disease, result of periodontium inflammation, is a common, chronic disease and has long been considered one of the complications of DM. Moreover, literature reflects a spectrum of conflicting viewpoints on the effect of diabetic conditions on the implant treatment strategies. The current review aims to update the recent epidemiologic evidence regarding the relationship between DM and periodontal/peri-implant disease, emphasising the effects of glycaemic control on the severity of these diseases and describing the pathobiological mechanisms underlying this association. This review's findings indicate a bidirectional relationship between DM and periodontal/peri-implant disease and that this relationship seems causal, implying that controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other's incidence. Additionally, the severity of periodontal/peri-implant disease is directly related to metabolic control. Although patients with diabetes can obtain implant success similar to those in systemically healthy individuals, an increased risk of peri-implantitis has been reported in DM patients. Therefore, the importance of glycaemic control and maintaining proper oral hygiene cannot be overstated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Enteghad
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farinaz Shirban
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tabassum A. Alveolar Bone Loss in Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:168-173. [PMID: 36522180 PMCID: PMC10959629 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on literature, very few case-control studies have been executed to confirm the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the severity of mean alveolar bone loss. Therefore, the aim was to assess the differences in mean alveolar bone loss among diabetic (type 2) and nondiabetic patients in the Saudi population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine-hundred eighty-two patient records were seen in this retrospective study. Patient demographic data and medical records were examined. The mean alveolar bone loss was measured in posterior teeth by calculating the distance from the base of cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest using the bitewing radiographs. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. An unpaired t-test was utilized to analyze the mean alveolar bone loss across multiple variables. p-Value less than or equal to 0.05 was contemplated as significant. RESULTS The overall mean alveolar bone loss for all 124 patients was 2.83 ± 1.13 mm. Diabetic patients had greater mean alveolar bone loss measured in millimeters than nondiabetic patients (3.07 ± 1.14mm vs. 2.59 ± 1.08mm, respectively), and the difference was significant (p = 0.018). In terms of the severity of mean alveolar bone loss, diabetic patients experience statistically higher mean alveolar bone loss as compared with nondiabetic patients. CONCLUSION In our study population, the overall mean alveolar bone loss prevalence was greater in diabetes patients than in nondiabetic individuals. According to the severity of bone loss, the distribution of moderate and severe periodontitis was higher in diabetic patients. To enhance patients' quality of life, the awareness and education among patients regarding the association among diabetes mellitus and oral health, particularly periodontal disease, should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Tabassum
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Shahbaz M, Kazmi F, Majeed HA, Manzar S, Qureshi FA, Rashid S. Oral Manifestations: A Reliable Indicator for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:784-789. [PMID: 36220121 PMCID: PMC10569842 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article identifies undiagnosed DM (UDM) cases in the Pakistani population by perceiving the signs and symptoms of DM and associating them with oral manifestations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, patients showing at least three or more classical or warning signs like polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and general weakness were considered UDM cases. Detailed oral examination for gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and tongue manifestations was done followed by the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis. RESULTS Out of 5,878 patients, 214 UDM cases were identified, where 31.8% and 39.7% of the patients were diagnosed as prediabetics and diabetics, respectively, based on HbA1c analysis. Prevalence of gingivitis (97.6%), fissured tongue (91.8%), generalized periodontitis (85.9%), thick saliva (87.1%), xerostomia (84.7%), burning mouth syndrome (63.5%), yellow discoloration of tongue (57.6%), and ecchymosis/ulcers (43.5%) were more in diabetics as compared to prediabetic patients and normal population. CONCLUSION The oral manifestations can be crucial for identifying UDM cases. Dentists can play a pivotal role by taking detailed history and thorough oral examination. If three or more symptoms as concluded above are present, an HbA1c analysis should be conducted to prevent preop and postop complications associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Shahbaz
- Department of Oral Biology, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Kazmi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanna Abdul Majeed
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Manzar
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Awais Qureshi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahrayne Rashid
- Department of Oral Pathology, Rashid Latif Dental College/Rashid Latif Medical Complex, Lahore, Pakistan
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Palwankar P, Jain S, Pandey R, Mahesh S. IgA Levels among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Periodontitis: A Prospective Clinical Study. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:823-827. [PMID: 36167319 PMCID: PMC10569843 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate gingival crevicular immunoglobulin A(IgA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among type II diabetic patients with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-randomized study was done of 40 periodontitis subjects with a mean age of 50 years and were recruited into two groups, Group A (Type II controlled diabetics with HbA1c < 7%) and Group B (non-diabetics with HbA1c between 4 and 6%). Both the groups underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 1, and 3 months. GCF sample was collected for the estimation of crevicular IgA at baseline and at 3 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Results were analyzed using parametric tests paired t-test and Student's t-test for every assessment point. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Difference in IgA levels and clinical parameters was seen between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Changes in crevicular IgA levels in patients with diabetic periodontitis can be used as a novel biomarker in assessing the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Palwankar
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saumya Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Pandey
- Department of Periodontology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shakila Mahesh
- Department of Microbiology, Manav Rachna Dental College FDS, MRIIRS Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Hassan SS, Alqahtani MS. Comparative Study of Cytokeratin Immunostaining of Parotid Gland Parenchyma in Normal, Diabetic, and Excretory Duct Ligation of Mongrel Dogs. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:678-686. [PMID: 35728611 PMCID: PMC10569872 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to give a glimpse of the normal distribution of intermediate filaments within the parotid gland parenchyma of mongrel dogs and to reveal the pathological changes that may occur as a result of the effects of diabetes mellitus or atrophy of the gland caused by the ligation of the excretory duct to discover whether there is a similarity in these pathological behaviors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve healthy mongrel dogs were used in the experiment and were divided into three groups: group I (the control group), group II (dogs with alloxan-induced diabetes), and group III (dogs with the right-side duct-ligated parotid gland). The dogs were sacrificed 45 days after the parotid excretory duct were tied. The right parotid gland of all groups was dissected and prepared for histological and immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 17 assay. RESULTS Histological findings confirmed that the parotid gland parenchyma of the diabetic group had glandular atrophy characterized by the loss of gland structure, degenerated acini, and dilatation of the duct system. Moreover, there is a predominance of the fibrous component with the presence of fat cells within the gland compartments. On the contrary, the excretory duct-ligated group undergoes severe glandular atrophy of the previous character with the presence of duct-like structure as well as extravasation and vasodilatation. Immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 17 in control parotid using an immunoperoxidase technique showed that cytokeratin expression varies from negative to mild in all ducts and some serous acinar cells. The gland parenchyma of the diabetic group showed mild to strong cytokeratin expression of duct cells more concentrated in the apical part with moderate to strong expression of diffuse type in some serous acini. The intensity of cytokeratin 17 in gland compartments of the excretory duct-ligated group revealed a variation in expression that ranged from negative to strong diffuse staining throughout the gland. CONCLUSION The severity and prevalence of cytokeratin 17 in our results are predictive of the pathological influence of both diabetes mellitus and duct ligation on the cytokeratin intracellular filaments of the salivary gland parenchyma in a different way that interferes with saliva production and/or secretion leading to xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Sayed Hassan
- Oral Biology Division, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Biology and Dental Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mashael Saeed Alqahtani
- Oral Pathology Division, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani MS, Hassan SS. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of the Pathological Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on the Major Salivary Glands of Albino Rats. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35785821 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a notorious chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Our study aimed to determine the expression of cytokeratin 17 (CK17) in all major salivary glands of diabetic albino rats to provide more information about the pathological effects of DM on the intracellular structures of the gland parenchyma. METHOD Twenty male adult albino rats were utilized in the experiment and divided into two equal groups, group 1 (control rats) and group 2 (diabetic rats). The animals were sacrificed 45 days after diabetes induction. The major salivary gland complex of all groups was dissected and prepared for evaluation by histological and immunohistochemical expression of CK17. RESULTS Histological results prove that the salivary gland parenchyma of diabetic group undergo gland atrophy characterized with the presence of degenerated acini, dilated duct system, and presence of duct-like structure with predominance of fibrous tissue compartment and discrete fat cells. Immunohistochemical expression of CK17 of major salivary gland of control group revealed negative to diffuse mild expression in all duct cells and some serous acinar cells, whereas mucous acini were negatively stained. On the other hand, major salivary gland parenchyma of diabetic group demonstrated mild to strong expression of duct cells more concentrated at their apical part with moderate to strong expression of some serous acini of diffuse type, whereas mucous acini of both submandibular gland and sublingual gland (SLG) were negatively stained. CONCLUSION The severity and prevalence of CK 17 in our results are predictive of the pathological influence of the DM that interferes with saliva production and/or secretion leading to dry mouth. Also, SLG of diabetic rats showed inspiratory changes in immunohistochemical expression in CK17 in spite of they did not show an effect of lesser degree in the routine hematoxylin and eosin histological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashael Saeed Alqahtani
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Sayed Hassan
- Department of Oral Biology and Dental Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.,Division of Oral Biology, Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Gianfreda F, Punzo A, Pistilli V, Bollero P, Cervino G, D'Amico C, Cairo F, Cicciù M. Electrolytic Cleaning and Regenerative Therapy of Peri-implantitis in the Esthetic Area: A Case Report. Eur J Dent 2022; 16:950-956. [PMID: 35785819 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantology represents the gold standard in oral rehabilitation. Unfortunately, a new pathology begins to show itself to clinicians that no longer affects only and solely the supporting tissues of the tooth but also dental implants and peri-implantitis. In this study, we present a case report regarding a tissue regeneration maneuver involving dental implants. The clinical and radiographic results are encouraging, regarding the use of these techniques on implant surfaces. Surely, the advent of new biomaterials and surgical techniques will make this practice safe and predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Punzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina Italy
| | - Valeria Pistilli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- Oral Pathology Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cairo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit in Periodontology and Periodontal Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, G. Martino Polyclinic, Messina, Italy
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Basso L, Chacun D, Sy K, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K. Periodontal Diseases and COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:768-775. [PMID: 34500484 PMCID: PMC8630939 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to present the existing literature regarding the relationship between periodontal diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping review guidelines was followed. Articles were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases and screened to include studies relating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 to periodontal cells and/or tissues and/or diseases. Twenty-five papers were included; consisting of six reviews, seven original articles, six short reports, four letters to the editor, one commentary, and one case report. The articles were allocated to three different topics: (i) hypotheses on the relationship between periodontal diseases and COVID-19; (ii) risk factors and comorbidities common to periodontitis and COVID-19; (iii) periodontal manifestations of COVID-19. Certain molecules (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, furin, cathepsin, TMPRSS2...) that are found at a high level in periodontal tissues, particularly in patients with periodontitis, are involved in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Periodontopathic bacteria could also play a direct role in the mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 by cleaving the S-protein, and the cytokines produced during periodontitis could add to the cytokine storm found in the severe forms of COVID-19. It thus appears that the treatment of periodontitis, which allows a reduction in periodontopathic bacteria and of the local and systemic inflammation state, could be part of a strategy to prevent the development of severe forms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Basso
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Doriane Chacun
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Unité Fonctionnelle de Parodontologie, Lyon, France
| | - Kadiatou Sy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Unité Fonctionnelle de Parodontologie, Lyon, France.,Univ Lille, INSERM, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, Lille, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (UMR CNRS 5615), Villeurbanne, France.,Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Consultations et de Traitements Dentaires, Unité Fonctionnelle de Parodontologie, Lyon, France
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Baccaglini L, Kusi Appiah A, Ray M, Yu F. US adults with diabetes mellitus: Variability in oral healthcare utilization. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251120. [PMID: 33951111 PMCID: PMC8099075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients are advised to have at least one dental examination per year. It is unclear to what extent different subgroups of US diabetic adults closely follow this recommendation. Thus, we assessed dental care utilization and related factors in a representative sample of US diabetic adults from rural and urban counties. METHODS Cross-sectional data were from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey logistic regression was used to account for the complex sampling design. RESULTS Among 40,585 eligible participants, 24,887 (60% of the population) had at least one dental visit for any reason within the past year. The lowest compliance was observed among edentulous participants (27%, adjusted OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.22-0.31 vs. fully dentate). Dental compliance was also negatively associated with having a lower income or education, ever being a smoker, or having barriers to access to care. Rural residents had lower dental compliance compared to urban residents, particularly those without healthcare coverage. CONCLUSIONS Dental compliance among US adult diabetic individuals was low, particularly among rural residents, and as compared to other recommended diabetic care practices. Future public health interventions may target rural individuals without healthcare coverage, smokers and edentulous individuals. There is a need to integrate dental and medical care to facilitate cross-talks among different health professionals, so that educational preventive messages are reinforced at every healthcare visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Baccaglini
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Adams Kusi Appiah
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Mahua Ray
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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