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Hamed K, El-Fiky SA, M Gawish A, R H Mohamed H, Khalil WKB, Huang X, Hasan M, Zafar A, Caprioli G. Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42722-42731. [PMID: 38024695 PMCID: PMC10653053 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
During smoking, nicotine, the most bountiful compound in cigarettes, is absorbed into the body by the lungs and quickly metabolized in the liver, causing three major adverse impacts such as toxic, neoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects. Saponins extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit various biological actions, such as anticancer effects. So, the potential protective effect of fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin against toxicity induced by nicotine in male rats was investigated in this study. Animals were exposed to nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day) and/or treated with fenugreek saponin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) and nanofenugreek saponin (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day). Comet assays, histopathological examination, and analyses for the expression levels of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) genes in liver tissues as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were conducted. The results revealed that nicotine treatment induced a significant increase in DNA damage, decrease in the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and increase in histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Moreover, nicotine treatment induced a significant reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes GPx and GST. On the other hand, administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin with nicotine significantly decreased the DNA damage, increased the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and decreased histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, a significant increase in the activities of GPx and GST was observed. The results suggested that DNA damage and histological injuries induced by nicotine were decreased by the administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin; thus, fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin can be used as ameliorative agents against nicotine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima
A. Hamed
- Department
of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous St, 12622 Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Saima A. El-Fiky
- Department
of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohous St, 12622 Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Azza M Gawish
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K. B. Khalil
- Department
of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Xue Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Faculty
of Biological and Chemical Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 510225, P. R. China
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry
Interdisciplinary Project (CHip), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
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Atapour P, Farmany A, Abdolsamadi H, Hashemi E, Jazaeri M. Comparison of salivary MicroRNA-6734, microRNA-3123 and microRNA-4483 expression in smoker and nonsmoker patients: a case control study. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:239-246. [PMID: 37255306 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is a major risk factor in oral diseases. Considering the important role of expression miRNA molecules in different diseases, the present study aimed to compare the expression of salivary miRNA-6734, miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smoker and non-smoker peoples. METHODS In this case-control study, salivary samples were obtained from 30 smoker's patients and 27 healthy nonsmokers and matched in term of age and sex. RNA was extracted in salivary samples and gene expression was evaluated in all samples. Statistical analysis of data was performed using T and chi-square tests by SPSS (Ver. 16) software at a significant level of less than 0.05. RESULTS The results of this study showed that the expression level of miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smokers group was 2.8 and 3.2, respectively, which was increased compared to non-smokers with expression level of 1 (P<0.01). There was a significant decrease in the expression rate of miRNA-6734 in smokers (0.6%) compared to non-smokers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, considering the increasing miRNA-4483 and miRNA-3123 level, as well as the reducing miRNA-6734 level in smokers compared to non-smokers, it seems that evaluation of these two miRNAs as indicator for diagnosis and determination of prognosis of oral diseases associated with smoking can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Atapour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abdolsamadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Jazaeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran -
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Sani AI, Rubab Z, Usman S, Ahmed SZ, Arif S. Costimulatory Molecules OX40 and OX40L Upregulation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Blood-Based Study. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1194-1200. [PMID: 36652956 PMCID: PMC10756792 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to determine OX40 and OX40L mRNA expression in blood samples of naive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients in different histological grades and clinical stages. The in silico analysis was performed using the STRING database for functional association and a better understanding of the interactions of OX40 and its ligand with other proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we recruited 141 newly diagnosed patients of OSCC. Levels of OX40 and OX40L mRNA expression were explored using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An in silico tool was also utilized to evaluate the OX40/OX40L interactome. RESULTS The results showed higher OX40 expressional levels in the late stage (23-fold) compared with the early stage (8.5-fold) (p = < 0.001). A similar trend was seen in OX40L mRNA expression, revealing a fold change of 5.8 in the early stage in comparison to 9.9-fold change in the late stage (p = < 0.001). Overexpression of OX40 and OX40L was found in different histological grades (p = 0.005 and p = < 0.001, respectively). Overexpression of OX40 and OX40L was detected in habits such as smoking and paan intake, whereas statistically significant upregulation was observed in the cheek, lip, and alveolus tumors. However, there was no substantial difference in OX40 and OX40L expression based on age or gender. The functional interactions, that is, interactomes of OX40 and OX40L with other proteins have been determined by in silico analysis. CONCLUSION Based on current study findings, despite OX40 and OX40L upregulation in newly diagnosed OSCC patients, it is speculated that the physiological function of these molecules is altered due to immune system exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zila Rubab
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Usman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Sadia Arif
- Department of Pathology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wolfer S, Schliephake H, Asendorf T, Spillner A, Kauffmann P. Semi-quantitative assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A pilot study. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:32. [PMID: 36866179 PMCID: PMC9972359 DOI: 10.18332/tid/159378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two known major risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma are smoking and alcohol consumption. Environmental tobacco smoke (also known as secondhand smoke) has been proven to be associated with the occurrence of lung and breast carcinoma. This study aimed to assess exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and its association with the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. METHODS Using a standardized questionnaire, 165 cases and 167 controls were asked about their demographic data and risk behaviors, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure. An environmental tobacco smoke score (ETS-score) was developed to semi-quantitatively record the previous exposure to ETS. Statistical analyses were performed with χ2 test or Fishers exact test, and with ANOVA or Welch's t-test as appropriate. An analysis was done using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Cases had a significantly increased previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke compared to the controls (ETS-score: 36.69 ± 26.34 vs 13.92 ± 12.44; p<0.0001). Comparing only the groups without additional active risk factors, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was associated with a more than threefold higher likelihood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OR=3.47; 95% CI: 1.31-10.55). Statistically significant differences in ETS-score were found for different tumor locations (p=0.0012) and different histopathological gradings (p=0.0399). A multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed exposure to environmental tobacco smoke as an independent risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Environmental tobacco smoke is an important but yet underestimated risk factor for the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, including the usefulness of the developed environmental tobacco smoke score for exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wolfer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Asendorf
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonie Spillner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kauffmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Firdausa AY, Ahimsa SS, Ahmada RA, Sukmawati NF, Ernawati DS, Parmadiati AE, Soebadi B, Radithia D, Winias S, Mahdani FY, Marsetyo RI, Zain RB, Ayuningtyas NF. Malondialdehyde Level and Tissue Apoptosis Count as an Early-Detection Marker of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:155-160. [PMID: 35436787 PMCID: PMC9949931 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and TA count represent the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) to malignancy and thus may be used as an indicator of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). This study aimed to determine the MDA level and tissue apoptosis (TA) count in oropharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were divided into three groups: T4 group (4-week cigarette smoke exposure), T8 group (8-week cigarette smoke exposure), and control group, which was not exposed to cigarette smoke. The oropharyngeal tissue of the rats from each group was examined histopathologically to count the number of apoptotic cells, and then the blood serum was made to measure the MDA level. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Bonferroni test was performed to see the differences in each group for MDA level. While the data from tissue apoptosis were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test for the significance. All data were considered significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS The MDA level and TA count increased as the duration of cigarette smoke exposure increased. In the T8 group, the MDA level and TA count were significantly higher compared with the T4 and control groups with a p-value < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke increased the TA count and MDA level in the oropharyngeal tissue of Wistar rats. The TA count and MDA level may be used as markers of OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | | | - Bagus Soebadi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | - Desiana Radithia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | - Saka Winias
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | - Fatma Yasmin Mahdani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | - Riyan Iman Marsetyo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom Selangor, Malaysia,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya-Indonesia,Address for correspondence Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas, DDS, MDS, PhD Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas AirlanggaJl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47 Surabaya 60132Indonesia
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Hormati A, Hajrezaei Z, Jazi K, Aslani Kolur Z, Rezvan S, Ahmadpour S. Gastrointestinal and Pancratohepatobiliary Cancers: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology and Risk Factors Worldwide. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:5-23. [PMID: 36619733 PMCID: PMC9489325 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer cases are afflicted by gastrointestinal cancers annually. Lifestyle and nutrition have a huge effect on gastrointestinal function, and unhealthy habits have become quite widespread in recent decades, culminating in the rapid growth of gastrointestinal cancers. The most prevalent cancers are lip and mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Risk factors such as red meat consumption, alcohol consumption, tea, rice, viruses such as Helicobacter pylori and Ebstein Bar Virus (EBV), along with reduced physical activity, predispose the gastrointestinal tract to damage and cause cancer. According to the rapid increase of cancer incidence and late diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies, further epidemiological researches remain necessary in order to make appropriate population-based preventive policies. In this study, we reviewed clinical symptoms, risk factors, preventative measures, as well as incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide with focus on Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hormati
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajrezaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslani Kolur
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rezvan
- Radiology Resident, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran,Corresponding Author: Sajjad Ahmadpour, MD Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Telefax: + 98 2538105062
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Warin K, Klanrit P, Pattanajakr N. A Large Oral Melanoma: A Case Report of a Rare but Aggressive Malignancy. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:812-816. [PMID: 34428837 PMCID: PMC8630955 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of black-pigmented lesions of the oral cavity can be found, ranging from harmless benign lesions such as melanotic macule, smoker's melanosis, amalgam/graphite tattoos, and pigmented nevus to a life-threatening oral malignant melanoma. Oral melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor that originates from melanocytes' proliferation and accounts for only 0.5% of all oral malignancies. The etiology is unknown. Most oral melanomas are present at the palate and the upper alveolar ridge, whereas occurrences at the buccal mucosa, the lower alveolar ridge, and the lip are rare, with only a few reports in the literature. The diagnosis is confirmed by a biopsy. The prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of ~20%. In this report, we present a case of large oral melanoma at the right buccal mucosa involving the right lower alveolar ridge and lip commissure, which are relatively unusual locations for oral melanoma. In addition, immunohistochemical markers used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic decision-making of oral melanoma are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsasith Warin
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Poramaporn Klanrit
- Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nutdanai Pattanajakr
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Udon Thani Hospital, Udon Thani, Thailand
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