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Enz A, Kamaleddine I, Groß J, Schafmayer C, Alwafai E, Sievers L, Mittelmeier W, Klinder A. Is Single Gloving Still Acceptable? Investigation and Evaluation of Damages on Sterile Latex Gloves in General Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173887. [PMID: 34501334 PMCID: PMC8432096 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The sterile latex surgical glove is an important part of protecting both the patient and the surgical team from infections. However, mechanical stress can damage the integrity of the glove material and thus may lead to infections. (2) Method: A total of 896 gloves from 448 surgeries were tested and evaluated by the water tightening test according to EN455 and ASTM D5151-19. (3) Results: From 448 surgeries, 18.8% of the interventions showed glove damage. In vascular surgery, gloves were damaged in 20.8%, in thoracic surgery 9.1%, in laparoscopic interventions 21.7%, in the subgroup hernia surgeries (TAPP) 17.6% and in open interventions 17.6%. A total of 101 damages were found on 896 gloves; one glove could have several damages. During vascular surgery, 60% of the damages were on the subordinated hand of the surgeon, and 73.3% of the damages had a size of 1 mm. In laparoscopic procedures, the subordinated hand was also more frequently affected (61.3%) than the dominant hand; 64.5% of the damages were 1 mm in size. In the hernia surgery subgroup (TAPP), no damage was larger than 1 mm; 66.7% were in the subordinated hand area. The duration of surgery had no influence on the lesion rate. (4) Conclusion: The damage rate in low impact procedures is high and represents an underestimated problem in soft tissue surgery. The use of single gloving can therefore lead to the risk of infection. EN455 and ASTM D5151-19 does not take into consideration the risk of intraoperative lesions. Double gloving and glove change algorithms should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Enz
- Orthopaedic Clinic and Policlinic, University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.S.); (W.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-9301
| | - Imad Kamaleddine
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Polyclinic of University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.K.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Justus Groß
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Polyclinic of University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.K.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Polyclinic of University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.K.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Emad Alwafai
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Surgical Clinic and Polyclinic of University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.K.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Larissa Sievers
- Orthopaedic Clinic and Policlinic, University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.S.); (W.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Wolfram Mittelmeier
- Orthopaedic Clinic and Policlinic, University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.S.); (W.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Annett Klinder
- Orthopaedic Clinic and Policlinic, University Medical Centre Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.S.); (W.M.); (A.K.)
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