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Whitmarsh A, Protea S, Gibson JS. Anxiety Symptoms and Disease Severity in Parkinson Disease. J Neurosci Nurs 2024:01376517-990000000-00094. [PMID: 38959338 DOI: 10.1097/jnn.0000000000000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Anxiety is prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD), negatively affecting quality of life for patients and their families. Targeted anxiety interventions are needed that account for variables such as disease severity; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the trajectory of anxiety along the disease course. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between disease severity and anxiety symptoms in a PD sample. METHODS: This descriptive study used secondary data analyses of data from a web-based survey study of individuals with PD in the United States. Participants were 21 years or older, had access to the Internet, and were given a diagnosis of PD (N = 72). We performed multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship between patient-reported disease severity and anxiety symptoms. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant association between disease severity and anxiety symptoms in people with PD, after controlling for all 5 explanatory variables (sex, age, wearing off, disease severity, and disease duration) (P < .001). Age and wearing off PD medication also had statistically significant, although smaller, effects on anxiety symptoms (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Disease severity was related to increased anxiety symptoms among individuals with PD. Anxiety intervention research is needed, and future studies should account for variations in disease severity and medication effects in both intervention and study design.
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Sauerbier A, Herberg J, Stopic V, Loehrer PA, Ashkan K, Rizos A, Jost ST, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Gronostay A, Schneider C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Evans J, Nimsky C, Fink GR, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P, Silverdale M, Weintraub D, Schrag A, Ray Chaudhuri K, Timmermann L, Dafsari HS. Predictors of short-term anxiety outcome in subthalamic stimulation for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:114. [PMID: 38851717 PMCID: PMC11162430 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) are understudied. We identified clinical predictors of STN-DBS effects on anxiety in this study. In this prospective, open-label, multicentre study, we assessed patients with anxiety undergoing STN-DBS for PD preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up postoperatively. We assessed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-anxiety and depression subscales), Unified PD Rating Scale-motor examination, Scales for Outcomes in PD-motor (SCOPA-M)-activities of daily living (ADL) and -motor complications, Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), PDQuestionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), and levodopa-equivalent daily dose. We tested changes at follow-up with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and corrected for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni method). We identified patients with a clinically relevant anxiety improvement of anxiety based on a designated threshold of ½ standard deviation of baseline HADS-anxiety. Moreover, we investigated predictors of HADS-anxiety changes with correlations and linear regressions. We included 50 patients with clinically relevant baseline anxiety (i.e., HADS-anxiety ≥ 8) aged 63.1 years ± 8.3 with 10.4 years ± 4.5 PD duration. HADS-anxiety improved significantly at 6-month follow-up as 80% of our cohort experienced clinically relevant anxiety improvement. In predictor analyses, worse baseline SCOPA-ADL and NMSS-urinary domain were associated with greater HADS-anxiety improvements. HADS-anxiety and PDQ-8 changes correlated moderately. Worse preoperative ADL and urinary symptoms predicted favourable postoperative anxiety outcome, which in turn was directly proportionate to greater QoL improvement. This study highlights the importance of detailed anxiety assessments alongside other non-motor and motor symptoms when advising and monitoring patients undergoing STN-DBS for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sauerbier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Johanna Herberg
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vasilija Stopic
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp A Loehrer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Rizos
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stefanie T Jost
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Niklas Petry-Schmelzer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gronostay
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veerle Visser-Vandewalle
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurosciences (DNS), University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
| | - Anette Schrag
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Haidar S Dafsari
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.
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Sujith P, Arjunan P, Iype T, Natarajan V. Correlation Between Depression and Quality of Life Among Patients With Parkinson's Disease: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54736. [PMID: 38523931 PMCID: PMC10960943 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive complex degenerative disorder characterised by several motor and non-motor symptoms that result in disability and deterioration of the patient's quality of life (QOL). Depression is the most common non-motor symptom that may severely alter the QOL. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between depression and QOL among patients with PD who received treatment from a movement disorder clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among 220 PD patients who received treatment from a movement disorder clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. The participants aged between 40 and 80 years, who can comprehend Malayalam or English and were clinically diagnosed with PD according to United Kingdom PD Society Brain Bank criteria were included in the study. Depression was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, motor function using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III, and the quality of life was assessed using the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39. Results The results of this study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between depression and QOL (r=0.699, p<0.01) among patients with PD who received treatment from a tertiary care teaching hospital. The correlation with domains of QOL also identified that depression was significantly correlated with all domains of QOL and more to the emotional domain of QOL (r=0.799, p<0.01). Conclusion Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric condition in PD and the most important determinant of QOL. Depression may occur at any stage of PD and can significantly impact the QOL of patients and their caregivers. Hence it should be recognized early and managed by pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures to improve the QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sujith
- Nursing, Government College of Nursing, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
- Nursing, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Porkodi Arjunan
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
| | - Thomas Iype
- Neurology, Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Venkatesh Natarajan
- Physiotherapy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, IND
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Roper A, Brooks D, Mitchell LK, Pachana NA, Au TR, Byrne GJ, O'Sullivan JD, Dissanayaka NN. Feasibility and Acceptability of a Videoconferencing CBT Intervention for Anxiety in People with Parkinson's Disease. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38277135 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2306861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), non-motor symptoms such as anxiety are common and have negative impacts on their quality of life. There are currently few interventions that address anxiety in PwPD, and access to diagnosis and treatment is often limited for those living in rural areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth videoconferencing CBT intervention for anxiety in PwPD. METHODS A pre- and post-test feasibility study (N = 10) was conducted and evaluated utilizing the RE-AIM framework (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance). RESULTS Lack of access to the internet and videoconferencing technology were identified as barriers to participation. Physical health issues also impacted recruitment and retention. Non-completers were significantly older and less likely to have a carer involved in the intervention. Clinician adoption of the intervention was low while participant acceptability of videoconferencing technology varied and required carer support. CONCLUSIONS Providing access to technology and support to overcome technological issues, as well as telehealth training for clinicians, are recommended in future studies to improve recruitment, retention, and implementation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Identification of barriers and facilitators provides future studies with the knowledge to tailorize their program to better suit PwPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Roper
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Deborah Brooks
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiffany R Au
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerard J Byrne
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John D O'Sullivan
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nadeeka N Dissanayaka
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Lai TT, Gericke B, Feja M, Conoscenti M, Zelikowsky M, Richter F. Anxiety in synucleinopathies: neuronal circuitry, underlying pathomechanisms and current therapeutic strategies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:97. [PMID: 37349373 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in neurons or glial cells, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). αSyn-related pathology plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies leading to the progressive loss of neuronal populations in specific brain regions and the development of motor and non-motor symptoms. Anxiety is among the most frequent non-motor symptoms in patients with PD, but it remains underrecognized and undertreated, which significantly reduces the quality of life for patients. Anxiety is defined as a neuropsychiatric complication with characteristics such as nervousness, loss of concentration, and sweating due to the anticipation of impending danger. In patients with PD, neuropathology in the amygdala, a central region in the anxiety and fear circuitry, may contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety. Studies in animal models reported αSyn pathology in the amygdala together with alteration of anxiety or fear learning response. Therefore, understanding the progression, extent, and specifics of pathology in the anxiety and fear circuitry in synucleinopathies will suggest novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we provide an overview of studies that address neuropsychiatric symptoms in synucleinopathies. We offer insights into anxiety and fear circuitry in animal models and the current implications for therapeutic intervention. In summary, it is apparent that anxiety is not a bystander symptom in these disorders but reflects early pathogenic mechanisms in the cortico-limbic system which may even contribute as a driver to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Ettinger T, Berberian M, Acosta I, Cucca A, Feigin A, Genovese D, Pollen T, Rieders J, Kilachand R, Gomez C, Kaimal G, Biagioni M, Di Rocco A, Ghilardi FM, Rizzo JR. Art therapy as a comprehensive complementary treatment for Parkinson's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1110531. [PMID: 37250693 PMCID: PMC10215005 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1110531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Complementary and alternative therapies are increasingly utilized to address its complex multisystem symptomatology. Art therapy involves motoric action and visuospatial processing while promoting broad biopsychosocial wellness. The process involves hedonic absorption, which provides an escape from otherwise persistent and cumulative PD symptoms, refreshing internal resources. It involves the expression in nonverbal form of multilayered psychological and somatic phenomena; once these are externalized in a symbolic arts medium, they can be explored, understood, integrated, and reorganized through verbal dialogue, effecting relief and positive change. Methods 42 participants with mild to moderate PD were treated with 20 sessions of group art therapy. They were assessed before and after therapy with a novel arts-based instrument developed to match the treatment modality for maximum sensitivity. The House-Tree-Person PD Scale (HTP-PDS) assesses motoric and visuospatial processing-core PD symptoms-as well as cognition (thought and logic), affect/mood, motivation, self (including body-image, self-image, and self- efficacy), interpersonal functioning, creativity, and overall level of functioning. It was hypothesized that art therapy will ameliorate core PD symptoms and that this will correlate with improvements in all other variables. Results HTP-PDS scores across all symptoms and variables improved significantly, though causality among variables was indeterminate. Discussion Art therapy is a clinically efficacious complementary treatment for PD. Further research is warranted to disentangle causal pathways among the aforementioned variables, and additionally, to isolate and examine the multiple, discrete healing mechanisms believed to operate simultaneously in art therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Ettinger
- Steinhardt Graduate Art Therapy Program, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marygrace Berberian
- Steinhardt Graduate Art Therapy Program, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ikuko Acosta
- Steinhardt Graduate Art Therapy Program, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alberto Cucca
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Doctoral Program in Neural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrew Feigin
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danilo Genovese
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Travis Pollen
- Department of Exercise Science, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Julianne Rieders
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rohita Kilachand
- Steinhardt Graduate Art Therapy Program, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clara Gomez
- Steinhardt Graduate Art Therapy Program, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Girija Kaimal
- Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Milton Biagioni
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Felice M. Ghilardi
- Department of Neurology, The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - John-Ross Rizzo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Chan DG, Ventura K, Villeneuve A, Du Bois P, Holahan MR. Exploring the Connection Between the Gut Microbiome and Parkinson's Disease Symptom Progression and Pathology: Implications for Supplementary Treatment Options. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:2339-2352. [PMID: 36278360 PMCID: PMC9837702 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the microbiota to induce gastrointestinal inflammation is hypothesized to be a key component of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) aggregation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The function of the GI tract is governed by a system of neurons that form part of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS hosts 100-500 million nerve cells within two thin layers lining the GI tract. The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the major communication pathway between the ENS and the central nervous system. It has become increasingly clear that the microbiota in the gut are key regulators of GBA function and help to maintain homeostasis in the immune and endocrine systems. The GBA may act as a possible etiological launching pad for the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD, because of an imbalance in the gut microbiota. PD is a multi-faceted illness with multiple biological, immunological, and environmental factors contributing to its pathological progression. Interestingly, individuals with PD have an altered gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals. However, there is a lack of literature describing the relationship between microbiota composition in the gut and symptom progression in PD patients. This review article examines how the pathology and symptomology of PD may originate from dysregulated signaling in the ENS. We then discuss by targeting the imbalance within the gut microbiota such as prebiotics and probiotics, some of the prodromal symptoms might be alleviated, possibly curtailing the pathological spread of aSyn and ensuing debilitating motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G. Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Correspondence to: Dennis G. Chan, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. E-mail:
| | - Katelyn Ventura
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ally Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Du Bois
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yu Z, Liu G, Li Y, Arkin E, Zheng Y, Feng T. Erythrocytic α-Synuclein Species for Parkinson’s Disease Diagnosis and the Correlations With Clinical Characteristics. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:827493. [PMID: 35185529 PMCID: PMC8850836 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.827493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrocytes contain most of the peripheral α-synuclein (α-syn), which is the key pathological molecular of α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our objectives were to assess the efficiency of erythrocytic total and oligomeric α-syn levels as PD diagnostic biomarkers, and to identify the correlations between erythrocytic α-syn levels and physiological/psychiatrical assessment scales. Methods Home-brewed electrochemiluminescence assays were applied to assess the concentrations of erythrocytic total and oligomeric α-syn levels in a cohort including 124 patients with PD and 79 healthy controls (HCs). The correlations between erythrocytic α-syn levels and clinical measurements were assessed using Spearman’s rank test. Results Both the erythrocytic total and oligomeric α-syn levels were significantly higher in PD patients than HCs. The biomarkers adjusted for age and sex discriminated PDs from HCs well with 80% sensitivity, 89% specificity and 79% sensitivity, 83% specificity, respectively. Combining erythrocytic total and oligomeric α-syn levels by using binary logistic regression analysis with the controlling of age and sex generated a factor discriminates PDs from HCs with 88% sensitivity and 85% specificity. The erythrocytic total but not oligomeric α-syn levels adjusted for age and sex significantly correlated with anxiety scales and the MDS-UPDRS III scales in PD patients, respectively. Conclusion We showed the usefulness of erythrocytic total and oligomeric α-syn levels as biomarkers for PD. Our results also suggest the capability of erythrocytic α-syn as a potential pathological factor and therapeutic target for psychiatric symptoms in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Genliang Liu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ehsan Arkin
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchu Zheng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Feng,
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