Differences in Temporal Volume between Males and Females and the Influence of Age and BMI: A Cross-Sectional CT-Imaging Study

The Suitability of a Large Particle Hyaluronic Acid Filler for the Treatment of Temporal Hollowing

BACKGROUND

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers may be manufactured to have distinctive physical properties that optimize their use for specific indications. Fillers manufactured with large gel calibration (particle size; HA-V) may be particularly suitable for volumizing large surface areas such as the temporal hollows.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the safety and effectiveness of HA-V for the treatment of temporal hollows.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective, open-label, single-cohort, clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-six women who presented with bilateral temporal hollows at baseline were recruited. All subjects received treatment with HA-V and were observed at 4 to 5 in-person visits over 16 weeks. Subjective and objective measures of safety and efficacy parameters were collected through 2- and 3-dimensional imagery, questionnaires/scales (i.e., subject satisfaction, global aesthetic improvement, temporal hollowing severity), and adverse event diaries.

RESULTS

To achieve optimal correction, the investigator used an average of 1.70 syringes per subject, per side. All treatments were performed using a bolus injection technique to place the product on the periosteum (bone) of the temporal region. Following optimal correction, all subjects (100%) displayed improvement in their global aesthetic appearance, and 25 of 26 subjects (96.15%) displayed ≥1 grade improvement on the temporal volume scale. Subject satisfaction was high, with 91.3% of subjects being satisfied with the appearance of their temporal regions following optimal correction.

CONCLUSION

In this pivotal trial, HA-V was evidenced to have an excellent safety profile and proven efficacy up to 16 weeks, making it a suitable HA filler for volumization of the temporal region.

Association of Body Mass Index (BMI) with Lip Morphology Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Chinese Population

BACKGROUND

Lip morphology is essential in diagnosis and treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery to ensure facial aesthetics. Body mass index (BMI) has proved to have influence on facial soft tissue thickness, but its relationship with lip morphology is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and lip morphology characteristics (LMCs) and thus provide information for personalized treatment.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study consisted of 1185 patients from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020 was conducted. Confounders of demography, dental features, skeletal parameters and LMCs were adjusted by multivariable linear regression to identify the association between BMI and LMCs. Group differences were evaluated with two-samples t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Mediation analysis was used for indirect effects assessment.

RESULTS

After adjusting for confounders, BMI is independently associated with upper lip length (0.039, [0.002-0.075]), soft pogonion thickness (0.120, [0.073-0.168]), inferior sulcus depth (0.040, [0.018-0.063]), lower lip length (0.208, [0.139-0.276]), and curve fitting revealed non-linearity to BMI in obese patients. Mediation analysis found BMI was associated with superior sulcus depth and basic upper lip thickness through upper lip length.

CONCLUSIONS

BMI is positively associated with LMCs, except for nasolabial angle as negatively, while obese patients reverse or weaken these associations.

Volumization of the young and the old temple using a highly cross-linked HA filler

BACKGROUND

A plethora of age-related changes contribute to hollowing of the temples, as bone remodeling, atrophy of the temporalis muscle, thinning of the skin, and deflation of the subcutaneous and deep temporal fat create the appearance of a skeletonized face. In addition, previous studies have established a relationship between facial skeletonization, temporal hollowing, and postmenopausal sarcopenia.

OBJECTIVE

To compare the volume change, adverse events, and patient satisfaction of soft-tissue filler injections in the temple between young (<51) and old (>51) females.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 30 women with a mean age of 53.1 ± 12.1 years underwent bilateral temporal volumization. Adverse events and satisfaction were assessed after 3 and 6 months. 3-Dimensional surface imaging was performed at baseline and after 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months to assess volumetric changes.

RESULTS

A mean volume of 5.55 ± 1.9 cc was injected into the temples. A total of 31 adverse events were observed in 13 patients. The overall satisfaction of the procedure was very high after 3 and 6 months in both patient groups, and raters showed a significant agreement in their assessment of the aesthetic improvement, while the self-reported patient satisfaction was also substantially high. The surface-volume coefficient differed significantly between 14 days and 3 months post-injection only in pre-menopausal patients, while no significant difference was detected between 3 and 6 months.

CONCLUSION

Temporal soft-tissue filler injections are safe and provide long-lasting aesthetic improvement both in pre- and postmenopausal women.