Antimicrobial Activity of Roselle-capped​ Silver​ Nanochip on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activity in Combination with Phage ZCSE6 and Sensing Properties

One of the dangerous pathogens that display high resistance to antibiotics is Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), which infects humans and animals. In this study, a new approach was proposed to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with adding the phage ZCSE6. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by analysis of spectroscopy profile of the UV–Vis, visualize the morphology, and size with transmission electron microscopy. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed. In addition, the AgNPs were able to control the biofilm formation of S. enterica, also, heavy metals detection by AgNPs and their application in milk. UV–Vis spectra showed a surface resonance peak of 400 and 430 nm corresponding to the formation of AgNPs capping with Ocimum basilicum L. and Hibiscus sabdariffa L., respectively. The MIC and MBC values were 6.25 µg/ml to inhibit the growth of S. enterica and 12.5 µg/ml from killing the bacteria and it was decreased to 1.5 µg/ml when combined with the phage. In the present study, AgNPs were combined with phage ZCSE6 to obtain a synergetic antimicrobial activity. Moreover, it increases the milk’s shelf-life and senses the Cd2+ at a concentration of 1 mM in the water.

Graphical Abstract