Imaging Review of Hockey-related Lower Extremity Injuries

The 'Bauer bump:' ice hockey skates as a common cause of Haglund syndrome

Ice hockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high rate of injury. While many of the injuries are acute and related to high skating speeds, frequent collisions, and sharp skates, the clinician must also be aware of the chronic injuries that commonly arise from playing this sport. The "Bauer bump" is one such chronic injury, which is the onset of Haglund syndrome in ice hockey players occurring in the context of wearing ice hockey skates. With this condition, players notice a bony enlargement of their posterosuperior calcaneus with or without the accompanying symptoms of retrocalcaneal bursitis and insertional Achilles tendinopathy. It is important for clinicians to understand the nature of Haglund syndrome in hockey players so that it can be appropriately diagnosed, managed, and ultimately, prevented.

Ankle Sprains in Athletes: Current Epidemiological, Clinical and Imaging Trends

Purpose

Ankle injuries are frequent sports injuries. Despite optimizing treatment strategies during recent years, the percentage of chronification following an ankle sprain remains high. The purpose of this review article is, to highlight current epidemiological, clinical and novel advanced cross-sectional imaging trends that may help to evaluate ankle sprain injuries.

Methods

Systematic PubMed literature research. Identification and review of studies (i) analyzing and describing ankle sprain and (ii) focusing on advanced cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle.

Results

The ankle is one of the most frequently injured body parts in sports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a change in sporting behavior and sports injuries. Ankle sprains account for about 16-40% of the sports-related injuries. Novel cross-sectional imaging techniques, including Compressed Sensing MRI, 3D MRI, ankle MRI with traction or plantarflexion-supination, quantitative MRI, CT-like MRI, CT arthrography, weight-bearing cone beam CT, dual-energy CT, photon-counting CT, and projection-based metal artifact reduction CT may be introduced for detection and evaluation of specific pathologies after ankle injury. While simple ankle sprains are generally treated conservatively, unstable syndesmotic injuries may undergo stabilization using suture-button-fixation. Minced cartilage implantation is a novel cartilage repair technique for osteochondral defects at the ankle.

Conclusion

Applications and advantages of different cross-sectional imaging techniques at the ankle are highlighted. In a personalized approach, optimal imaging techniques may be chosen that best detect and delineate structural ankle injuries in athletes.