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Kobayashi H, Schwindling FS, Tasaka A, Rammelsberg P, Yamashita S, Rues S. Effect of wall thickness on shape accuracy of hollow zirconia artificial teeth fabricated by a 3D printer. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00300. [PMID: 39034113 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze how the wall thickness of 3D-printed hollow zirconia teeth affects shape accuracy. METHODS Datasets with measurement points were created for different artificial teeth resembling the mandibular right first molar (Geomagic Design X, 3D Systems). Reference distances were 9.8 mm for mesio-distal direction (M-D), 10.9 mm for bucco-lingual direction (B-L), 7.0 mm for MB-BB and DB-BB, and 4.5 mm for ML-LB and DL-LB. The outer geometry was identical for all artificial teeth with wall thicknesses of 0.30, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 mm. Twenty zirconia teeth were fabricated using a 3D printer (CeraFab 7500 Dental, Lithoz) for each group and sintered before support removal. After performing analog distance measurements using a micrometer screw, the digital distance measurements and angular deviations between measurement points on 3D scans were analyzed. Possible effects were investigated using nonparametric ANOVA, followed by Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The shape accuracy was acceptable for artificial teeth with wall thicknesses of ≥0.5 mm. The largest distance deviation was observed for a wall thickness of 0.3 mm. In particular, DB-BB showed a median deviation of >56.2 µm, which is significantly larger than that for other test groups, ranging from 7.4-9.5 µm (P < 0.05). In most cases, angular deviations were the largest for teeth with 0.3-mm wall thickness (11.6°) and remained below 5.0° for the other test groups. CONCLUSIONS Acceptable accuracy was obtained for artificial teeth with wall thicknesses of at least 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Kobayashi
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akinori Tasaka
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuichiro Yamashita
- Department of Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Rues
- Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Opatragoon S, Klaisiri A, Sriamporn T, Thamrongananskul N. Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength Using Primers with Different Application Numbers on Dental Zirconia. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 39013446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of the number of phosphate-containing primer applications on the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia to resin cement. MATERIALS AND METHODS 315 square specimens (10 × 10 × 4 mm3) were manufactured from Cercon ht presintered zirconia blocks. Alumina particles were used to sandblast zirconia specimens. These specimens were randomly divided into six primer-based groups: No primer application (NP), CLEARFIL CERAMIC PRIMER (C), PANAVIA V5 Tooth Primer (T), M&C PRIMER (MC), Monobond N (MN), and Z-PRIME plus (Z), and then separated into application number (1-4) groups (excluding NP). Each specimen was bonded with resin cement. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The debonded surface was examined with a stereomicroscope. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The SBSs were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Applying the primer twice exhibited the highest SBSs in each group, with significant differences in the T, MN, and Z groups. However, the SBS in the MC group was significantly lower on the second application. One-hundred percent adhesive failure was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, prior to cementation, the sandblasted zirconia surface should be applied twice with a phosphate-containing primer other than MC to maximize the SBS at the zirconia-resin cement interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphakit Opatragoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tool Sriamporn
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Samra N, Madina MM, El-Negoly SAER, Dawood L. The effect of restorative material selection and cementation procedures on the durability of endocrowns in the anterior teeth: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:670. [PMID: 38851731 PMCID: PMC11161972 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the fracture resistance and failure modalities of anterior endocrown restorations fabricated employing diverse ceramic materials, and bonded using various cementation methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty maxillary central incisors were divided into two main groups based on the ceramic materials used; GroupI (Zir): zirconia endocrwons (Zolid HT+, Ceramill, Amanngirrbach) and GroupII (E-Max): e-max endocrowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). Both groups were further split into two subgroups depending on the cementation protocols; subgroup IA "ZirMDP": endocowns cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IB (ZirNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement, subgroup IIA (E-maxMDP): cemented with MDP primer + MDP resin cement, subgroup IIB (E-maxNon-MDP): cemented with MDP primer + non-MDP resin cement. (n = 10/subgroup). Endocrowns were manufactured using CAD/ CAM. Teeth were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The fracture test was performed at 45o with a palatal force direction until the fracture occurred. Test results were recorded in Newton. The failure mode was examined using a stereomicroscope. A One-way ANOVA test was utilized to compare different groups regarding fracture strength values. Tukey`s Post Hoc was utilized for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The comparative analysis of fracture strength across the diverse groups yielded non-significant differences, as indicated by a p-value exceeding 0.05. Nonetheless, an observable trend emerged regarding the mode of failure. Specifically, a statistically significant prevalence was noted in fractures localized within the endocrown/tooth complex below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) across all groups, except for Group IIB, "E-max Non-MDP," where fractures within the endocrown/tooth complex occurred above the CEJ. CONCLUSIONS Combining an MDP-based primer with an MDP-based resin cement did not result in a significant effect on the anterior endocrown fracture strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Regardless of the presence of the MDP monomer in its composition, adhesive resin cement achieved highly successful fracture strength when used with MDP-based ceramic primers. Additionally, ceramic materials exhibiting elastic moduli surpassing those of dentin are discouraged due to their propensity to induce catastrophic fractures within the tooth structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Samra
- Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Manal M Madina
- Fixed Prosthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Lamia Dawood
- Fixed Prosthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Prabriputaloong S, Krajangta N, Klaisiri A. The Effect of Different Chemical Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Resin-Matrix Ceramic Repaired with Resin Composite. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38744333 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of different chemical surface treatment protocols with different functional monomers of universal adhesives on the shear bond strength between resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty resin-matrix ceramics (Shofu block HC) were built and designed into eight groups of ten specimens and surface treated with HC primer (HC) and/or three universal adhesives (single bond universal [SBU], Scotchbond universal plus [SBP], and Tetric N-bond universal [TNU]) assigning follows; group 1, nonsurface treated; group 2, HC; group 3, SBU; group 4, HC + SBU; group 5, SBP; group 6, HC + SBP; group 7, TNU; group 8, HC + TNU. A template was put on the specimen center, and then pushed packable resin composite. Mechanical testing machinery was used to examine the samples' shear bond strength (SBS) values. To examine failure patterns, the debonded specimen surfaces were examined by a stereomicroscope. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The one-way analysis of variance method was used to evaluate the data, and the Tukey's test was used to determine the significant level (p < 0.05). RESULTS The highest SBS was obtained in group 6 (39.25 ± 1.65 MPa). Group 1 (4.15 ± 0.54 MPa) had the lowest SBS. Group 6 exhibited the highest percentage of cohesive failure patterns (70%). High SBS values were frequently correlated with the surface treatment groups and the cohesive failure patterns. CONCLUSION The application of HC primer prior to the universal adhesive is an alternative protocol for enhancing the repair bond strength between resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite interfaces. Moreover, the application of HC primer prior to the SBP is the best strategy for resin-matrix ceramic and resin composite repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satit Prabriputaloong
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Krajangta
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Abo-Alazm EAE, Abdou A, Hassouneh L, Safy RK. Reliability of an Innovative Slab Shear versus Microtensile Bond Strength Test: Mechanical and Finite Element Analysis. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:182-195. [PMID: 37059444 PMCID: PMC10959604 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1763498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of slab shear bond strength test (Slab_SBS) versus the microtensile in evaluation of the bond strength of different substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight extracted caries-free human third molars were utilized for teeth specimens' preparation. After flattening of all molars' occlusal table, the specimens were divided into two groups based on the type of utilized restorative material: nanohybrid resin composite and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to the subsequently applied bond strength test and specimen width; microtensile bond strength test (μTBS), Slab_SBS [2 mm] and Slab_SBS [3 mm]. Both testing methods were additionally applied on CAD/CAM specimens, nanohybrid resin composite blocks (composite-to-composite), and ceramic blocks (ceramic-to-ceramic). CAD/CAM specimens were prepared and cemented and then sectioned and subdivided as followed for teeth specimens' preparation. Pretest failures (PTF), bond strength, and failure mode of each specimen were recorded. Representative three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed to simulate μTBS and Slab_SBS specimens. Data were statistically analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test and Weibull analysis. RESULTS Pretest failures were only noted in the μTBS subgroups. Slab_SBS provided comparable bond strength to the μTBS of all substrates with adhesive mode of failure. CONCLUSION Slab_SBS is easier to prepare with consistent and predictable outcome with no pretest failures during specimen preparation and better stress distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Biomaterials Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, El Tur, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Layla Hassouneh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Rehab Khalil Safy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
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Lu Y, Bierman TE, Dal Piva AMDO, Tribst JPM, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ. Effect of Surface Treatment and Resin Cement on the Bond Strength of an Advanced Lithium Disilicate. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38198813 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatment and resin cement on the bond strength of conventional and advanced lithium disilicates (ALDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ceramic slices (2 × 13 × 15 mm) of conventional lithium disilicate (LD) (IPS e.max CAD) and ALD (CEREC Tessera) were sectioned, polished, and divided into 16 groups (n = 10) according to the factors: ceramic, surface treatment, and resin cement (Panavia V5 and Variolink Esthetic DC). Surface treatments consisted of hydrofluoric acid 4.9% etching for 20 seconds (Hf20) or 30 seconds (Hf30), self-etching ceramic primer (Se), and sandblasting (Sb). Then, a resin cement cylinder (Ø = 2.5 mm) was manufactured on each specimen's surface. The specimens were then submitted to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Surface roughness was evaluated through a contact profilometer, and surface morphology was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy for qualitative analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of SBS and surface roughness. For bond strength, the effects of surface treatment, resin cement, and the interaction were analyzed for each ceramic. For roughness, analyzed factors include ceramic and surface treatment. RESULTS ANOVA revealed that ceramic (p = 0.047) and surface treatment (p < 0.001) factors affected the bond strength, while the cements performed similarly. Both materials showed adequate bond strength (ALD 19.1 ± 7.7 MPa; LD 17.1 ± 7.9 MPa). Sb protocol showed the lowest mean value (9.6 ± 2.9 MPa) compared with Hf20 (22.0 ± 7.1 MPa), Hf30 (21.7 ± 7.4 MPa), and Se (19.3 ± 6.0 MPa). CONCLUSION For both ceramics, the highest performance was obtained after applying Se and Hf20 or Hf30. Therefore, longer etching time is unnecessary. Sb protocol must be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thera Elisa Bierman
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Arcila LVC, Gomes LCL, Ortiz LPN, Costa MMD, Tribst JPM, Bottino MA, Saavedra GDSFA, de Melo RM. Effect of Resin Cement at Different Thicknesses on the Fatigue Shear Bond Strength to Leucite Ceramic. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1316-1324. [PMID: 36535658 PMCID: PMC10756776 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study was performed to evaluate fatigue survival by shear test in the union of leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic using different cement thicknesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucite-reinforced glass ceramics blocks were sectioned in 2-mm thick slices where resin cylinders were cemented. The samples were distributed in two experimental groups (n = 20) according to the cement thickness (60 and 300 μm). The specimens of each group were submitted to the stepwise fatigue test in the mechanical cycling machine under shear stress state, with a frequency of 2 Hz, a step-size of 0.16 bar, starting with a load of 31 N (1.0 bar) and a lifetime of 20,000 cycles at each load step. RESULTS The samples were analyzed in a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy to determine the failure type. There is no significant difference between the mean values of shear bond strength according to both groups. Log-rank (p = 0.925) and Wilcoxon (p = 0.520) tests revealed a similar survival probability in both cement layer thicknesses according to the confidence interval (95%). The fracture analysis showed that the mixed failure was the most common failure type in the 300-μm thickness group (80%), while adhesive failure was predominant in the 60-μm thickness group (67%). The different cement thicknesses did not influence the leucite ceramic bonding in fatigue shear testing; however, the thicker cement layer increased the predominance of the ceramic material failure. CONCLUSION The resin cement thicknesses bonded to leucite ceramic did not influence the long-term interfacial shear bond strength, although thicker cement layer increased the ceramic material cohesive failure. Regardless the cement layer thickness, the shear bond strength lifetime decreases under fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Viviana Calvache Arcila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Laís Carolina Landim Gomes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Laura Patricia Nadal Ortiz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Antonio Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Effect of Anti-COVID-19 Mouthwashes on Shear Bond Strength of Resin-Matrix Ceramics Repaired with Resin Composite Using Universal Adhesive: An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030158. [PMID: 36976082 PMCID: PMC10052296 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using anti-COVID-19 mouthwashes has become necessary to reduce acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions. Resin-matrix ceramic (RMCs) materials that are exposed to mouthwashes may affect the bonding of repaired materials. This research was performed to assess the effects of anti-COVID-19 mouthwashes on the shear bond strengths (SBS) of RMCs repaired with resin composites. A total of 189 rectangular specimens of two different RMCs (Vita Enamic (VE) and Shofu Block HC (ShB)) were thermocycled and randomly divided into nine subgroups according to different mouthwashes (distilled water (DW), 0.2% povidone–iodine (PVP-I), and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP)) and surface treatment protocols (no surface treatment, hydrofluoric acid etching (HF), and sandblasting (SB)). A repair protocol for RMCs was performed (using universal adhesives and resin composites), and the specimens were assessed using an SBS test. The failure mode was examined using a stereomicroscope. The SBS data were evaluated using a three-way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test. The SBS were significantly affected by the RMCs, mouthwashes, and surface treatment protocols. Both surface treatment protocols (HF and SB) for both RMCs, whether immersed in anti-COVID-19 mouthwash or not, improved the SBS. For the VE immersed in HP and PVP-I, the HF surface treatment had the highest SBS. For the ShB immersed in HP and PVP-I, the SB surface treatment had the highest SBS.
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Klaisiri A, Suebnukarn S, Krajangta N, Rakmanee T, Sriamporn T, Thamrongananskul N. The Effect of Morpholine on Composite-to-Composite Repair Strength Contaminated with Saliva. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214718. [PMID: 36365711 PMCID: PMC9658104 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to specifically explore the effects of morpholine on chemical surface treatments of aged resin composites contaminated with saliva to new resin composite repair strength. One hundred and thirty five resin composite specimens were fabricated and thermocycled to replicate an aged resin composite. These aged resin composites were randomly separated into nine groups (n = 15) depending on the various surface contaminants and surface treatment techniques. These groups were as follows: group 1—no surface treatment; group 2—no saliva + adhesive agent; group 3—no saliva + morpholine + adhesive agent; group 4—no saliva + morpholine; group 5—saliva; group 6—saliva + adhesive agent; group 7—saliva + morpholine + adhesive agent; group 8—saliva + morpholine; and group 9—saliva + phosphoric acid + adhesive agent. A mold was covered on the top of the specimen center and then filled with resin composite. The shear bond strengths and failure modes were examined. The collected data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and the significance level was determined using Tukey’s test. Group 5 (3.31 ± 0.95 MPa) and group 6 (4.05 ± 0.93 MPa) showed the lowest bond strength statistically, while group 3 (23.66 ± 1.35 MPa) and group 7 (22.88 ± 1.96 MPa) showed the most significantly high bond strength. The bond strength in group 2 (16.41 ± 1.22 MPa) was significantly different from that in group 1 (9.83 ± 1.13 MPa), group 4 (10.71 ± 0.81 MPa), and group 8 (10.36 ± 1.53 MPa), while group 9’s (17.31 ± 1.48 MPa) SBS was not significantly different. In conclusion, the application of morpholine on aged resin composite with or without contamination with saliva prior to the application of the adhesive agent increased the bond strength of aged resin composite repaired with new resin composite (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (N.T.); Tel.: +66-298-69051 (A.K.); +66-221-88705 (N.T.)
| | - Siriwan Suebnukarn
- Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Krajangta
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thanasak Rakmanee
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tool Sriamporn
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (N.T.); Tel.: +66-298-69051 (A.K.); +66-221-88705 (N.T.)
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The Effect of Multiple Applications of Phosphate-Containing Primer on Shear Bond Strength between Zirconia and Resin Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194174. [PMID: 36236122 PMCID: PMC9573474 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Occasional chipping can still occur with zirconia material despite its high strength. Emergency repairs can be accomplished using zirconia primer, adhesive agent, and resin composite when the fracture of zirconia exposes the zirconia framework. Phosphate-containing primers play an important role in zirconia surface treatment. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of multiple applications of phosphate-containing primer on shear bond strength between zirconia and resin composite. In this case, 78 zirconia discs were sandblasted by alumina particles; the zirconia was then randomized into six groups for single application and multiple applications of phosphate-containing primer according follows; group 1: no application, group 2: one application, group 3: two applications, group 4: three applications, group 5: four applications, and group 6: five applications. Adhesive was applied on the zirconia surface and the resin composite was bonded. Shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing machine. The de-bonded surface was examined using a stereomicroscope. The shear bond strengths were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni. Group 1 had the lowest shear bond strength with a significant difference compared to groups 2–6, whereas group 4 had the highest shear bond strength, with no significant difference compared to groups 5–6. The failure mode revealed 100% adhesive failure in all groups. In conclusion, to maximize shear bond strength at zirconia and resin composite interfaces, sandblasted zirconia surfaces should be treated with three applications of phosphate-containing primer prior to the adhesive agent.
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