Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Modern Organic Synthesis

Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Organic Synthesis: A Septennial Review

This study reviews the oxidative applications of 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) in organic synthesis, focusing on C-H functionalization, hetero-hetero bond formations, ring cleavage reactions, dehydrogenation, heterocyclic ring formations, and some miscellaneous reactions in a comprehensive and critical way. It compiles the literature starting from mid-2015 to date.

Highly Efficient Cauliflower-like Palladium-Loaded Porous MOF as a Robust Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes

A series of porous MOF materials, viz., Pdx@IRMOF-9 (x = 2, 5, and 10%) were synthesized by loading varying concentrations of Pd(II) on IRMOF-9. The synthesized MOF materials were characterized by ltravioletisible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. UV, FT-IR, and PXRD data of Pd(II)@IRMOF-9 were found to be in line with those of IRMOF-9, which suggests that the structure of the IRMOF-9 remained intact upon Pd(II) loading. Surface morphology of IRMOF-9 showed sheet-like structures, and upon incorporation of Pd(II) to IRMOF-9, porous cauliflower-shaped MOFs were obtained. The SEM area mapping of Pd10%@IRMOF-9 confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of Pd(II) on IRMOF-9. BET measurements suggested an increase in the surface area as well as pore size upon incorporation of Pd(II) on IRMOF-9. Due to high porosity and high petal density, Pd10%@IRMOF-9 demonstrated degradation of seven organic dyes, namely, orange G, methylene blue, methyl orange, congo red , methyl red, rhodamine 6G, and neutral red. It showed excellent results with >90% dye degradation efficiency in case of cationic, anionic as well as neutral dyes. Degradation of organic dyes followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Kinetic parameters, KM and Vmax, were calculated using the double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk plot and were found to be 13.2 μM and 26.68 × 10-8 M min-1, respectively. Recyclability studies of heterogeneous Pd10%@IRMOF-9 demonstrated the degradation of CR dye for five consecutive cycles without significant loss of its catalytic activity. Herein, a robust and efficient material for the degradation of organic dyes has been developed and demonstrated.

Palladium-Catalyzed Organic Reactions Involving Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

The chemistry of polyvalent iodine compounds has piqued the interest of researchers due to their role as important and flexible reagents in synthetic organic chemistry, resulting in a broad variety of useful organic molecules. These chemicals have potential uses in various functionalization procedures due to their non-toxic and environmentally friendly properties. As they are also strong electrophiles and potent oxidizing agents, the use of hypervalent iodine reagents in palladium-catalyzed transformations has received a lot of attention in recent years. Extensive research has been conducted on the subject of C—H bond functionalization by Pd catalysis with hypervalent iodine reagents as oxidants. Furthermore, the iodine(III) reagent is now often used as an arylating agent in Pd-catalyzed C—H arylation or Heck-type cross-coupling processes. In this article, the recent advances in palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions employing hypervalent iodine reagents are reviewed in detail.