[Surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma of the extremities]

Surgical Management of Benign Tumors of the Proximal Fibula

Benign tumors of the proximal fibula are clinically notable, often resulting in pain, cosmetic defects, and potential neurovascular compromise. These symptomatic lesions warrant surgical consultation, but specific procedure selection remains a topic of ongoing discussion. The fibula is widely considered an expendable bone, which permits a greater variety of surgical options relative to other skeletal locations. As a result, some authors suggested en bloc resections without reconstruction as a viable first-line option to decrease tumor recurrence risk. However, wide resections may still result in diminished postoperative functionality compared with the standard intralesional and marginal approaches. Thus, surgical management remains a multifactorial decision, and often orthopaedic surgeons rely on past clinical experience or surgical preference within this unique tumor location. This detailed review will summarize the published literature and discuss the outcomes and indications of various surgical approaches for benign tumors of the proximal fibula. Emphasis will be placed on balancing tumor recurrence risk and postoperative functionality within the context of histologic diagnoses and surgical approaches.

Osteoid Osteoma of Distal Fibula: A Rare Location and its Management

Osteoid osteoma (OO) of distal fibula is extremely rare, and only few cases are reported in the literature. We report a case of OO of distal fibula and its surgical management at our tertiary care hospital.

[Diagnostics and treatment of osteoid osteoma]

BACKGROUND

Osteoid osteoma is the third most common benign bone tumor and typically induces pain that is worse at night.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the epidemiological, pathogenetic, histological and radiological characteristics of osteoid osteoma and to present the broad variety of treatment options.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This review article summarizes relevant clinical studies and meta-analyses on this topic.

RESULTS

Osteoid osteoma is characterized by a central nidus smaller than 1.5 cm in diameter with surrounding bone sclerosis. In the majority of cases, the tumor occurs in the long bones of the lower extremities and is predominantly manifested in patients aged between 5 and 25 years. Pain is mediated by prostaglandins, which stimulate afferent peripheral nerve fibers. Besides plain radiographs, thin-section computed tomography represents the gold standard of diagnostics but should be complemented by magnetic resonance or nuclear medicine imaging modalities. The conservative treatment consists of long-term therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation of the nidus is the current operative treatment of choice.

CONCLUSION

Success rates of radiofrequency ablation and other minimally invasive procedures are high while treatment costs and length of hospital stay are low. Thus, open surgical curettage is reserved for rare indications and en bloc excision of the nidus should only be performed in cases of recurrent lesions.

Osteoid osteoma of the proximal fibula: an uncommon location with the indication for open surgery

Purpose. This is a case report of a patient with an osteoid osteoma of the proximal fibula. The objective is to illustrate a rare tumor location that requires open surgery due to closeness of neurological structures. Methods. Clinical and roentgenographic findings, treatment, and histological appearance are presented. Results. Local pain and swelling of the proximal fibula with improvement under salicylates led to the diagnosis of an osteoid osteoma, what was confirmed with an MRI scan. Due to proximity to the common peroneal nerve, we decided for open surgery. During the operation, the nerve was seen to cross the tumor site making it necessary to retract it to expose the entire tumor. Histologically, typical features of osteoid osteoma with a rather well-defined nidus surrounded by sclerotic bone were seen. A complete removal was performed. Conclusion. Osteoid osteomas of the proximal fibula are rare. When planning surgery, the common peroneal nerve must be identified, and its further distal course should be taken into account to avoid iatrogenic damage to the nerve.

Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma in atypical locations: a case series

BACKGROUND

Osteoid osteoma has a nidus surrounded by sclerotic bone with a size usually less than 20 mm. Its diagnosis is made on typical presentation of nocturnal pain and imaging findings. Excision of the niduses, which are often small and difficult to precisely identify, sometimes may result in resection of surrounding normal bone. Minimally invasive percutaneous treatments have been used to try to minimize resection of normal bone. Although minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation generally relieves pain, its ability to relieve pain is less well known in locations other than lower extremity long bones.

QUESTIONS/PURPOSES

We determined the pain relief and complication rates after radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteomas presenting in atypical locations and followed patients to assess possible recurrence or late complications.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients with osteoid osteomas in unusual locations (eg, hip, radioulnar joint, and proximal phalanx) in whom we used radiofrequency ablation. Postoperative activities were not restricted for any of the patients. We assessed the time for patients to become symptom free, their activity status, and possible recurrence or complications. The minimum clinical followup was 12 months (mean, 27.8 months; range, 12-37 months).

RESULTS

All patients became symptom free within 24 hours to 1 week. During followup, none of the patients experienced recurrence or any major complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Radiofrequency ablation for osteoid osteomas in unusual locations reliably relieves pain with few complications and recurrences at short-term followup.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV, case series. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of level of evidence.

[Osteoid osteoma. X-ray-controlled resection and histologic verification using a minimally invasive diamond bone-cutting system]

BACKGROUND

In recent years, osteoid osteomas have been treated more frequently by means of percutaneous procedures. The main disadvantage in patients with suspected osteoid osteoma is the lack of histological verification. Our study presents the results that we obtained using a minimally invasive diamond bone-cutting system allowing histologic verification.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Six patients (age 10-20 years) with osteoid osteoma in the lower extremities were subjected to resection of the nidus using a minimally invasive water-cooled diamond bone-cutting system. All specimens were histologically processed and diagnosed.

RESULTS

In all patients the nidus was resected successfully, and the diagnosis was histologically confirmed. The mean operating time was 22.8 min. All patients were allowed full weight-bearing immediately, and hospitalization was a maximum of 2 days. All patients were free of pain and relapse-free during the entire 2-year postoperative follow-up.

CONCLUSION

In selected localizations with a clearly visible nidus, the minimally invasive diamond bone-cutting system presented here offers an alternative to the established surgical and percutaneous procedures for treating osteoid osteomas. This procedure combines the advantages of a minimally invasive technique with the option of histological verification of the diagnosis and correct nidus ablation.

Navigated Iso-C3D-based percutaneous osteoid osteoma resection: a preliminary clinical report

Minimally invasive osteoid osteoma resection under computer tomography (CT) guidance has yielded good results and has become a viable alternative to open surgical procedures. Limited visualization of the actual drill position under CT guidance can frequently result in inadequate and malpositioned drilling, especially at lesions located in less accessible anatomic regions. With the conventional CT-guided drilling technique, sterility and general operative management poorly correlate with standard operating room conditions, and are at risk of intra- and postoperative complications. The new Iso-C(3D) imaging device provides intraoperative multiplanar reconstructions. Adequate image quality and implementation in navigation systems were described for numerous indications. On the basis of multiplanar reconstructions, minimally invasive navigated techniques under three-dimensional surgical tool control become possible, which is not the case under fluoroscopic or CT-based navigation. We report on our first three cases of navigated Iso-C(3D) osteoid osteoma resection. A minimally invasive resection of the nidus was possible under permanent multiplanar image control. No complications were encountered and all patients reported successful outcomes. Minimally invasive-based navigation offered an effective and reproducible surgical approach. Dependence on CT imaging for proper positioning and complications associated with use away from the operating room environment can be avoided.

Osteoid Osteoma: Experience with Laser- and Radiofrequency-Induced Ablation

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcome of osteoid osteoma treated by thermal ablation after drill opening. A total of 17 patients and 20 procedures were included. All patients had typical clinical features (age, pain) and a typical radiograph showing a nidus. In 5 cases, additional histological specimens were acquired. After drill opening of the osteoid osteoma nidus, 12 thermal ablations were induced by laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) (9F Power-Laser-Set; Somatex, Germany) and 8 ablations by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (RITA; StarBurst, USA). Initial clinical success with pain relief has been achieved in all patients after the first ablation. Three patients had an osteoid osteoma recurrence after 3, 9, and 10 months and were successfully re-treated by thermal ablation. No major complication and one minor complication (sensible defect) were recorded. Thermal ablation is a safe and minimally invasive therapy option for osteoid osteoma. Although the groups are too small for a comparative analysis, we determined no difference between laser- and radiofrequency-induced ablation in clinical outcome after ablation.