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Kono H, Fujii H, Furuya S, Hara M, Hirayama K, Akazawa Y, Nakata Y, Tsuchiya M, Hosomura N, Sun C. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in non-cancer tissues provides predictive powers for recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8779-8789. [PMID: 27818593 PMCID: PMC5075552 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery.
METHODS Expression of M-CSF, distribution of M2 macrophages (MΦs), and angiogenesis were assessed in the liver, including tumors and peritumoral liver tissues. The prognostic power of these factors was assessed. Mouse isolated hepatic MΦs or monocytes were cultured with media containing M-CSF. The concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in media was assessed. Furthermore, the role of the M-CSF-matured hepatic MΦs on proliferation of the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) was investigated.
RESULTS A strong correlation between the expressions of M-CSF and CD163 was observed in the peritumoral area. Also, groups with high density of M-CSF, CD163 or CD31 showed a significantly shorter time to recurrence (TTR) than low density groups. Multivariate analysis revealed the expression of M-CSF or hepatic M2MΦs in the peritumoral area as the most crucial factor responsible for shorter TTR. Moreover, the expression of M-CSF and hepatic M2MΦs in the peritumoral area had better predictable power of overall survival. Values of VEGF in culture media were significantly greater in the hepatic MΦs compared with the monocytes. Proliferation of the VEC was greatest in the cells co-cultured with hepatic MΦs when M-CSF was present in media.
CONCLUSION M-CSF increases hepatocarcinogenesis, most likely by enhancing an angiogenic factor derived from hepatic MΦ and could be a useful target for therapy against HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease-Free Survival
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Female
- Humans
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Ahn H, Park J, Gilman-Sachs A, Kwak-Kim J. Immunologic Characteristics of Preeclampsia, a Comprehensive Review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 65:377-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Zhu XD, Zhang JB, Zhuang PY, Zhu HG, Zhang W, Xiong YQ, Wu WZ, Wang L, Tang ZY, Sun HC. High Expression of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Peritumoral Liver Tissue Is Associated With Poor Survival After Curative Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:2707-16. [PMID: 18509183 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.15.6521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate prognostic values of the intratumoral and peritumoral expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factors (M-CSF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after curative resection. Patients and Methods Expression of M-CSF and density of macrophages (MΦ) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing paired tumor and peritumoral liver tissue from 105 patients who had undergone hepatectomy for histologically proven HCC. Prognostic value of these and other clinicopathologic factors was evaluated. Results Neither intratumoral M-CSF nor MΦ density was associated with overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). High peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ density, which correlated with large tumor size, presence of intrahepatic metastasis, and high TNM stage, were independent prognostic factors for both OS (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively) and DFS (P = .001 and P = .003, respectively) and affected incidence of early recurrence. In a small HCC subset, peritumoral M-CSF was also correlated with both OS and DFS (P = .038 and P = .001, respectively). The combination of peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ had a better power to predict the patients' death and disease recurrence (P < .001 for both). Conclusion High peritumoral M-CSF and MΦ were associated with HCC progression, disease recurrence, and poor survival after hepatectomy, highlighting the importance of peritumoral tissue in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC. M-CSF and MΦ may be targets of postoperative adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-Bo Zhang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zhuang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Guang Zhu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Xiong
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- From the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Pathology Research Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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