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Funtulaticamide, a phytosphingosine-type ceramide from Funtumia elastica Preuss Stapf. (Apocynaceae) trunk bark with potential antileishmanial activity. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abd Karim HA, Ismail NH, Osman CP. Steroidal Alkaloids From the Apocynaceae Family: Their Isolation and Biological Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2022; 17:1934578X2211412. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221141265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids are derived from the steroid skeleton with one or two nitrogen atoms. They are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and possess a range of biological activities. The structures of steroidal alkaloids are comparable to those of anabolic steroids, steroidal hormones, and corticosteroids, making them a valuable source for drug discovery. Taxonomically, steroidal alkaloids are limited in distribution to certain plant families, predominantly the Apocynaceae, Buxaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae. This review highlights the steroidal alkaloids from the Apocynaceae family and their biological activities. The articles published from 1919 to 2021 were included in this review. A total of 163 steroidal alkaloids and 12 biological activities were reported from plant species belonging to the Apocynaceae family in this period. Of the 410 genera in the Apocynaceae, only 10 contain steroidal alkaloids. Although some alkaloids from the Apocynaceae family were also reported in the Buxaceae family, especially tetracyclic triterpenes with a pregnane side chain, most steroidal alkaloids can only be found in several genera of the Apocynaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayatul Atiqah Abd Karim
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Che Puteh Osman
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Ma'mag LK, Zintchem AAA, Théodora KK, Atchadé ADT, Lauve TY, Frédérich M, Bikobo DSN, Pegnyemb DE. Antiplasmodial and antileishmanial inhibitory activity of triterpenes and steroidal alkaloid from the leaves of Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf (Apocynaceae). Fitoterapia 2021; 151:104869. [PMID: 33657429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of leaves of Funtumia elastica led to the isolation of three undescribed ursane derivatives, funtumic acids A, B and C (1-3), as well as one steroidal alkaloid, elasticine (4) and five other known compounds (5-9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR, MS, IR, UV spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with the literature. The compound 5-hydroxypyridine-3-carboxamide (9) was isolated for the first time from the Apocynaceae family. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiparasitic effects against 3D7 and Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S). Compounds 1-4 possessed good in vitro antimalarial activities against CQR Dd2 with IC50 values ranging from 4.68 to 5.36 μg/mL and moderate on CQS 3D7. Only compounds 1 and 2 showed leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values ranging between 10.49 and 13.21 μg/mL. In addition, crude extract exhibited potent antiplasmodial (IC50 0.91 and 3.12 μg/mL) and antileishmanial (IC50 3.32 μg/mL) activities, thus demonstrating their potential synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kom Ma'mag
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Auguste Abouem A Zintchem
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kopa Kowa Théodora
- Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon; University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Tchokouaha Yamthe Lauve
- Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Frédérich
- University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
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Steroid Alkaloids from Holarrhena africana with Strong Activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071129. [PMID: 28684718 PMCID: PMC6152089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our continued search for natural compounds with activity against Trypanosoma brucei, causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, “sleeping sickness”), we have investigated extracts from the leaves and bark of the West African Holarrhenaafricana (syn. Holarrhena floribunda; Apocynaceae). The extracts and their alkaloid-enriched fractions displayed promising in vitro activity against bloodstream forms of T. brucei rhodesiense (Tbr; East African HAT). Bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation of the alkaloid-rich fractions resulted in the isolation of 17 steroid alkaloids, one nitrogen-free steroid and one alkaloid-like non-steroid. Impressive activities (IC50 in µM) against Tbr were recorded for 3β-holaphyllamine (0.40 ± 0.28), 3α-holaphyllamine (0.37 ± 0.16), 3β-dihydroholaphyllamine (0.67 ± 0.03), N-methylholaphyllamine (0.08 ± 0.01), conessimine (0.17 ± 0.08), conessine (0.42 ± 0.09), isoconessimine (0.17 ± 0.11) and holarrhesine (0.12 ± 0.08) with selectivity indices ranging from 13 to 302. Based on comparison of the structures of this congeneric series of steroid alkaloids and their activities, structure-activity relationships (SARs) could be established. It was found that a basic amino group at position C-3 of the pregnane or pregn-5-ene steroid nucleus is required for a significant anti-trypanosomal activity. The mono-methylated amino group at C-3 represents an optimum for activity. ∆5,6 unsaturation slightly increased the activity while hydrolysis of C-12β ester derivatives led to a loss of activity. An additional amino group at C-20 engaged in a pyrrolidine ring closed towards C-18 significantly increased the selectivity index of the compounds. Our findings provide useful empirical data for further development of steroid alkaloids as a novel class of anti-trypanosomal compounds which represent a promising starting point towards new drugs to combat human African trypanosomiasis.
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Bender M, Schmidtmann M, Summons RE, Rullkötter J, Christoffers J. A Geomimetic Approach to the Formation and Identification of Fossil Sterane Biomarkers in Crude Oil: 18-nor-D-homo-Androstane and 5α,14β-Androstane. Chemistry 2015; 21:12501-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hridya VK, Godson PS, Chandrasekar N. Chromatographic identification of two biologically important triterpenoids from the chloroform extract ofRhizophora mucronata. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
In this review, we consider the general principles and specific methods for the purification of different classes of phytosteroids which have been isolated from plant sources: brassinosteroids, bufadienolides, cardenolides, cucurbitacins, ecdysteroids, steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, vertebrate-type steroids and withanolides. For each class we give a brief summary of the characteristic structural features, their distribution in the plant world and their biological effects and applications. Most classes are associated with one or a few plant families, e.g., the withanolides with the Solanaceae, but others, e.g., the saponins, are very widespread. Where a compound class has been extensively studied, a large number of analogues are present across a range of species. We discuss the general principles for the isolation of plant steroids. The predominant methods for isolation are solvent extraction/partition followed by column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography/HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dinan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Devon, UK.
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Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. Chapter 2 Chemistry and Biology of Steroidal Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)60040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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High-performance liquid chromatography of alkaloids. Chem Nat Compd 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00630347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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