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Wu C, Yang JF, Zhang Q, Liu W, Liao K, Hu B. Successful cholangioscopic electrocoagulation for biliary papillomatosis: Report covering six cases (with video). GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2021; 44:546-551. [PMID: 33617929 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis is a rare type of papillomatosis. Depending on the location of the disease, radical surgical resection or liver transplants are the treatment of choice. These radical surgical options may be unrealistic in patients who are not surgical candidates or who are unwilling to consider surgery. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic electrocoagulation for the biliary papillomatosis. METHODS In this case series, we report six patients with unresectable biliary papillomatosis who underwent cholangioscopic electrocoagulation using needle knife and their clinic follow up information. RESULTS After patients received cholangioscopy with electrocoagulation of the residual biliary papilloma, the daily T-tube drainage volume increased to 200-400ml with improvement in the drainage content and significant relief of clinical symptoms, such as jaundice and abdominal pain. CONCLUSION This method of using electrocoagulation to directly target and destroy tumor tissue is a safe and effective alternative for those with unresectable disease, and this method has shown to enhance T-tube drainage volume and improve patients' overall clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Juliana F Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, The Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiongying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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Xiao Y, Zhao J, Wu H, Xie KL, Wan Y, Xu XW, Zhang YG. Surgical treatment of malignant biliary papillomatosis invading adjacent organs: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:253-259. [PMID: 30705903 PMCID: PMC6354098 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary adenomas in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree and has a high risk of malignant transformation. Early diagnosis and treatment for BP are challenges, as it spreads along the biliary tract. A radical resection with an adequate resection margin is advocated in patients with malignant BP.
CASE SUMMARY We report a case of BP with malignant transformation in a 52-year-old female patient who presented with emaciation, severe malnutrition, and a T-tube for biliary drainage that was placed for almost 2 years at the time she visited us. The enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a neoplasm with a diameter of 15 cm located in the gallbladder area surrounding the common bile duct where a drainage tube was placed. It was the first case with malignant BP involving multiple organs and the abdominal wall and receiving a radical resection. Plastic surgeons helped close the incision by transferring the rectus muscle and external oblique muscle flap. A diagnosis of papillary carcinoma with diffuse malignant papillomatosis of the biliary duct was given. The postoperative course was uneventful and she was asymptomatic and in good physical condition at 35 mo postoperatively with appropriate chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical treatment with appropriate chemotherapy is advocated for patients with malignant BP even if multiple organ invasion is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Kun-lin Xie, Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Wen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan-Ge Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Jang JW, Noh DH, Paik KH, Kim SH, Paik IH, Jung SH. Effectiveness of cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging for hepatobiliary malignancies. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 93:125-129. [PMID: 28932727 PMCID: PMC5597535 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.93.3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging (NBI) has been used as a diagnostic modality for better visualization in hepatobiliary malignancies; however, there are few reports on it. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of cholangioscopy using NBI in hepatobiliary malignancies. Methods Between January 2007 and December 2016, 152 cholangioscopies using percutaneous approach were conducted in total 123 patients. Among these, 36 patients were suspicious of hepatobiliary malignancies. Thirteen patients with an ambiguous margin on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), for whom NBI tipped the balance in diagnosis of lesion and decision of lesion extent by adding NBI, were involved in our study. Results Underlying diseases were all malignant in 13 patients (11 bile duct cancers, 1 liver cancer, 1 pancreas cancer with common bile duct invasion). In 7 cases with papillary type tumor, minute superficial spreading tumor was detected by NBI more easily, and NBI provided a better visualization of tumor vessel and margin evaluation in 4 cases with infiltrative tumor. In 2 cases with mucin-hypersecreting tumor, NBI showed better penetration through the mucin and gave us a much clearer image. Nine patients ultimately underwent surgical resection. The margins predicted by NBI cholangioscopy were consistent with the pathological margins on the resected specimens. Conclusion In conclusion, cholangioscopy using NBI is very useful for evaluation of suspected hepatobiliary malignancies with an ambiguous margin on ERCP or MRCP. It can give us an accurate pathologic mapping, and this information seems to be essential before deciding on a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Jang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Hyo Noh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyun Paik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sae Hee Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Il-Hyun Paik
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Jung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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4
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Dogheim OY, Rizvani M. Cholangiocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Pre-operative Evaluation. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-016-0168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Matkowskyj KA, Rao MS, Yang GY. Pathologic Features of Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Malignancies. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 168:257-293. [PMID: 29206377 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-34244-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian liver, 60 % of the cellular components are hepatocytes while the remainder (35 %) includes biliary epithelium, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, fat storing cells and connective tissue cells. Although neoplasms of hepatocytes are the most common, a significant number of both benign and malignant primary liver neoplasms arising from other cell types can develop, such as tumors of bile duct epithelium (Table 1). In addition, the liver is one of the most susceptible sites for metastatic tumors arising from other organs of the body. Not too long ago, liver tumors were left untreated because the liver was considered a complex and mysterious organ inaccessible to surgery. Advances in imaging procedures and surgical techniques over the past 40 years have revolutionized the approaches to the treatment of benign and malignant liver tumors. Subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy, lobectomy, and transplantation are routinely performed for the treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors with minimal morbidity and mortality. Since accurate diagnosis remains the key to clinical and surgical management, the emphasis of this chapter is on classification, morphological features and differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the liver.
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Molina V, Sampson J, Ferrer J, Sanchez-Cabus S, Calatayud D, Pavel MC, Fondevila C, Fuster J, García-Valdecasas JC. Tumor de Klatskin: Diagnóstico, evaluación preoperatoria y consideraciones quirúrgicas. Cir Esp 2015; 93:552-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gu C, Lin YE, Jin H, Jian Z. Biliary papillomatosis with malignant transformation: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3315-3317. [PMID: 26722332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary papillomatosis is a rare benign tumor that possesses a high potential for malignant transformation, and is frequently misdiagnosed. In the present report, a case of biliary papillomatosis with malignant transformation in a 63-year-old female, with a 19-year history of cholelithiasis, is presented. The patient presented with right epigastric pain and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a diffuse mass in the right liver lobe, which extended through the common bile duct. Definitive preoperative diagnosis was unable to be established; however, following surgical resection of the tumor, a diagnosis of biliary papillomatosis with malignant transformation was confirmed by pathological examination. The patient was followed up seven months later and no recurrence was detected. A supplementary review of previously published literature is additionally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chichang Gu
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shunde First People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528300, P.R. China ; Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guaugzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Y E Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guaugzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Haosheng Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guaugzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guaugzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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Jhaveri KS, Hosseini-Nik H. MRI of cholangiocarcinoma. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:1165-79. [PMID: 25447417 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas are the second most common primary hepatobiliary tumors after hepatocellular carcinomas. They can be categorized either based on their location (intrahepatic/perihilar/extrahepatic distal) or their growth characteristics (mass-forming/periductal-infiltrating/intraductal) because they exhibit varied presentations and outcomes based on their location and or pattern of growth. The increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma in PSC necessitates close surveillance of these patients by means of imaging and laboratory measures; and because currently surgical resection is the only effective treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, the need for accurate pre-operative staging and assessment of resectability has emphasized the role of high quality imaging in management. Today magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for detection, pre-operative staging and surveillance of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik S Jhaveri
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hooman Hosseini-Nik
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Adioui T, Seddik H, Baba H, Slioui B, Ali AA, El Hamdi FZ, Benkirane A, Zentar A. Successful surgical treatment of extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis diagnosed with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:148. [PMID: 24885726 PMCID: PMC4046527 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biliary papillomatosis is a condition characterized by multiple papillary tumors of variable distribution and extent within the biliary tract. Papillary carcinoma can develop in these lesions. It is a rare biliary pathological entity and its clinical features and outcome are not well known. Case presentation We experienced a case of biliary papillomatosis in a 51-year-old North African man who presented with obstructive jaundice. Laboratory tests showed elevated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Imaging (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) was suggestive of Klatskin tumor associated to common bile duct stones. After endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, a balloon sweep retrieved friable tissue from his bile ducts. Histology demonstrated papillary adenomatous proliferation showing high-grade dysplasia and he was referred for surgical management. Conclusions Although biliary papillomatosis is rare, it is a premalignant condition that should be well known and considered in all diagnoses of obstructive jaundice. We report a new case of biliary papillomatosis and highlight the contribution of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Adioui
- Department of Gastroenterology II, Mohamed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
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D'souza MA, Isaksson B, Löhr M, Enochsson L, Swahn F, Lundell L, Arnelo U. The clinicopathological spectrum and management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B). Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:473-9. [PMID: 23330596 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.722672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B) is a rare but increasingly diagnosed clinical entity. Typical cholangioscopic findings usually include intraductal protruding papillary tumors that secrete mucus. METHODS Clinical, radiological and histopathological data of seven consecutive patients who were found to have IPMN-B were analyzed. RESULTS Six of the seven patients presented with obstructive jaundice/cholangitis as the presenting complaint. ERCP and other imaging were equivocal in five of these patients and peroral cholangioscopy (POCS, single-operator cholangioscopy system) was performed. This revealed mucin-producing intraductal tumors with numerous frond-like papillary projections; a macroscopic appearance consistent with IPMN-B. Preoperative biopsy revealed adenoma, with low-grade dysplasia in two patients and high-grade dysplasia in three. Three patients underwent Whipple resection; one underwent total pancreatectomy with left hepatectomy, one patient a pancreas preserving duodenectomy with common bile duct reimplantation and one patient an extended right hepatectomy. These patients were found to have IPMN-B with adenomatous changes with varying grades of dysplasia and even cholangiocarcinoma on final histopathology. One patient first underwent endoscopic papillectomy and on follow-up was found to have cholangiocarcinoma with metastases to the liver. CONCLUSION POCS can be a key diagnostic investigation in the evaluation of patients with papillary tumors of the bile duct. IPMN-B has a heterogenous pathology and varying grades of dysplasia and even carcinoma may exist in the same patient. Surgical management should be radical and based on tumor extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melroy A D'souza
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jung G, Park KM, Lee SS, Yu E, Hong SM, Kim J. Long-term clinical outcome of the surgically resected intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. J Hepatol 2012; 57:787-93. [PMID: 22634127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a biliary neoplasm with predominant intraductal papillary growth and various degrees of malignant transformation. Although IPNB has been recently added to the WHO classification, the classification system needs refinements. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 93 non-invasive and invasive IPNB cases, surgically resected from 1996 to 2006. To further characterize their biologic behavior, we modified the WHO classification into a 4-tier category system in which non-invasive IPNB cases with complex fused or cribriform papillae were separately designated. Epithelial types such as intestinal, gastric, pancreatobiliary, and oncocytic type were determined by morphology and mucin core protein immunohistochemistry. Resection margins were classified based on their microscopic appearances. The prognostic values of mucinous histology and MUC1 protein expression were also determined. RESULTS IPNB with complex fused or cribriform papillae showed a worse prognosis than IPNB with simple papillae and one such case showed a metachronous metastasis. In addition, a positive surgical margin including dysplasia was associated with worse outcomes. Among the invasive IPNB cases, MUC1-positive tumors were more aggressive than MUC1-negative tumors. CONCLUSIONS We propose that non-invasive IPNB with complex fused or cribriform papillae might be better classified as mucosa-confined cholangiocarcinoma rather than IPNB with high grade dysplasia. In addition, aggressive further resection is recommended when a positive surgical margin including dysplasia is reported during intraoperative histopathological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geunyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park YM, Rhee K, Yoon SO, Ha JY, Park SY, Lee JH, Jang SI. A Case of Biliary Papillomatosis with Cystic Dilatation of Bile Duct. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2012. [DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2012.29.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Mi Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangwon Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Och Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ill Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Takanami K, Yamada T, Tsuda M, Takase K, Ishida K, Nakamura Y, Kanno A, Shimosegawa T, Unno M, Takahashi S. Intraductal papillary mucininous neoplasm of the bile ducts: multimodality assessment with pathologic correlation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 36:447-56. [PMID: 20959978 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-010-9649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-producing intraductal papillary neoplasm (adenocarcinoma/adenoma) in the bile duct is becoming recognized as a specific type of neoplasm. Since, it bears a striking similarity to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas with regard to its histopathologic features, the term "intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct" (IPMN-B) is frequently used, although no definite terminology or definition has been decided by World Health Organization. This neoplasm lacks ovarian-like stroma and communicates with the bile ducts, unlike biliary mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN). On the other hand, malignant IPMN-B is categorized as an intraductal-growth type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In comparison to other types of ICC, such as the mass-forming type and periductal-infiltrating type that have poor resectability and an unfavorable prognosis, malignant IPMN-B can be resected and demonstrates a more favorable prognosis. Meanwhile, unlike biliary MCN that is usually confined in a closed cyst, IPMN-B can spread along the mucosal surface of the bile ducts, and it should be widely resected. Therefore, multimodality assessment is needed to ensure the correct diagnosis of IPMN-B. We herein review the imaging findings of IPMN-B with pathologic correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takanami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Kloek JJ, van der Gaag NA, Erdogan D, Rauws EAJ, Busch ORC, Gouma DJ, ten Kate FJW, van Gulik TM. A comparative study of intraductal papillary neoplasia of the biliary tract and pancreas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:824-32. [PMID: 21292296 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare but well-established entity in contrast to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract. The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathologic features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the biliary tract and of the pancreas. Twenty patients who underwent resection for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract were compared with 29 cases resected for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Clinicopathologic characteristics and resection specimens of all patients were reassessed and immunohistochemically screened for expression of a distinct set of tumor markers. Median ages of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the biliary tract and of the pancreas were 66 and 62 years, respectively (P < .05). Twelve patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract (60%) had neoplasms with infiltrating carcinoma, compared with 6 patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (21%, P < .05). Cytokeratin 7 and 20 expressions were equal in biliary and pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Cytokeratin 20 expression was mainly found in intestinal-type tumors. Gastric, pancreaticobiliary, and oncocytic subtypes were all observed in the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract group. The distribution was significantly different from the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas group. The 3-year overall survival rate of malignant biliary and pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm was 63% and 65%, respectively (P = .798). Positive lymph nodes and a high expression of membranous mucin were associated with a significantly shorter overall survival in patients with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Finally, p53 and Ki67 proliferation index were both associated with the carcinogenesis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, whereas DPC4 and CDX2 were not. Clinicopathologic features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract largely resemble those of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, although intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract was associated with a higher malignancy rate at the time of surgical treatment. The level of membranous mucin expression and positive lymph nodes are significant prognosticators in patients with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap J Kloek
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wu SD, Lu CD, Lu CJ, Huang J, Zhou J. Mucin-producing intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis. Surg Today 2010; 40:845-50. [PMID: 20740348 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-009-4132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mucin-producing intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis (MPIBP) is an uncommon tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of MPIBP, and its prognosis. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted of 11 patients who underwent surgery for MPIBP. The clinical features and radiological, pathological, and operative findings were reviewed, and the survival rates were determined. RESULTS Repeated episodes of fever and epigastric pain with or without jaundice were the common clinical manifestations. Radiologically, all patients showed diffuse bile duct dilatation with cystic change in intrahepatic bile duct. All patients underwent a hepatic resection with or without an extrahepatic bile duct resection. No in-hospital mortality occurred. All patients survived without any signs of recurrence (median 12 +/- 7 months); three patients, including two patients who underwent a palliative resection, had an attack of cholangitis, which was effectively treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS A diagnosis of MPIBP is usually made in patients with biliary dilatation following a radiologic study. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is more valuable than other modalities in diagnosis. Mucin-producing intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis is a premalignant disease with high malignant potential. The prognosis of MPIBP is excellent if an aggressive resection is performed. A combination of cholangioscopy and frozen sections during the operation is beneficial for a radical successful surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315040, PR China
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Papillary adenoma arising in the left hepatic duct: an unusual tumour in an uncommon location. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 22:886-8. [PMID: 20545030 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e3283392a62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bile duct adenomas are rare tumours that arise more frequently in the distal extrahepatic biliary tree. We report the case of a papillary adenoma arising at the junction of the common and left hepatic ducts and review the available literature on this rare entity. A 73-year-old lady presented with a history of mild weight loss and vague upper abdominal pain. Routine blood tests revealed an elevated c-glutaryl transferase, and an ultrasound scan showed gross dilatation of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree. Subsequent radiological imaging confirmed biliary dilatation and identified tumour within the left and common hepatic ducts with the provisional diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. At laparotomy, there was no evidence of extraductal tumour, and choledochoscopy showed a papillary lesion within the common hepatic and proximal left hepatic ducts. The tumour was excised and the biliary tree was reconstructed. Histological evaluation of the resected specimen confirmed a papillary adenoma with mild dysplasia. This case illustrates that not all biliary tumours are cholangiocarcinomas and referral to a hepatopancreaticobiliary unit for investigation and treatment is mandatory for all cases of obstructive jaundice.
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FDG PET/CT findings in malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts. Clin Nucl Med 2010; 35:83-5. [PMID: 20090451 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e3181c7bff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lim JH, Jang KT. Mucin-producing bile duct tumors: radiological-pathological correlation and diagnostic strategy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2009; 17:223-9. [PMID: 19649558 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-009-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucin-producing bile duct tumors are characterized by intraductal papillary tumors producing large amounts of mucin. The tumor comprises macroscopically prominent intraductal papillary neoplastic epithelia and produces a large amount of viscid mucin, resulting in dilatation of the bile ducts. The surface of the tumor is frond-like, velvety, or serrated. The tumor exhibits five intraductal growth patterns; polypoid intraductal growth, mucosal spreading growth, cast-like intraductal growth, cystic tumor, and intraductal floating tumors. Imaging features reflect the interplay between the morphology of the tumor, the amount of mucin production, and biliary dilatation. This review article describes the radiological manifestations of the tumor, based on pathological-radiological correlation and biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Korea.
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Jazrawi SF, Nguyen D, Barnett C, Tang SJ. Novel application of intraductal argon plasma coagulation in biliary papillomatosis (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69:372-4. [PMID: 18656860 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.03.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saad F Jazrawi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9151, USA
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Antila KM, Mäkisalo H, Arola J, Numminen K. Best cases from the AFIP: biliary papillomatosis. Radiographics 2009; 28:2059-63. [PMID: 19001658 DOI: 10.1148/rg.287085010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel M Antila
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kim JK, Hwang HK, Park JS, Cho SI, Yoon DS, Chi HS. Left hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy and complete extrahepatic bile duct resection using transduodenal approach for hilar cholangiocarcinoma arsing from biliary papillomatosis. J Surg Oncol 2008; 98:139-42. [PMID: 18521837 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary lesions of variable distribution and extent in the intra and extrahepatic bile duct. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) can be indicated for the resection of diffuse intra and extrahepatic BP that extended to the distal bile duct and ampullary region. The mortality rate for HPD has recently decreased but HPD still has a high morbidity rate. In this study, we present a safe procedure for concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic BP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Preoperative studies showed showed multiple, variable-sized, and nodular papillary masses with mucin in the left intrahepatic ducts, confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, and whole CBD, but peripheral to the right intrahepatic bile ducts were grossly well preserved. We underwent Lt. hepatectomy and the common bile duct and ampulla of Vater were completely resected with transduodenal approach and the pancreatic duct was repositioned to the duodenal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Major hepatic resection and transduodenal approach for complete bile duct resection and pancreatic duct repositioning could be an acceptable therapeutic option for concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary papillomatosis without the evidence of pancreatic duct involvement in the patients with severe comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Keun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Paik KY, Heo JS, Choi SH, Choi DW. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts: the clinical features and surgical outcome of 25 cases. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:508-12. [PMID: 18314868 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile ducts (IPN-B) is considered an uncommon tumor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of IPN-B, and its prognosis. METHODS From October 1995 to August 2006, a retrospective analysis was made of 25 patients that underwent surgery for IPN-B. Clinical features and radiological, pathological, and operative findings were reviewed, and survival rates were determined. RESULTS In five patients (20.0%), lesions were incidentally found. Radiologically, 23 of the 25 (92.0%) showed bile duct dilatation, bile duct dilatation with or without an intraductal mass, and cystic changes of bile ducts. Twenty three of the 25 patients underwent hepatic resection with or without extrahepatic bile duct resection. No in hospital mortality occurred. Median survival time of resected patients was 59.8 months and 1-, 2-, and 4-year survival rates were 90.5%, 84.0%, and 84.0%, respectively. All six patients with benign IPN-B remained alive at a mean of 26.2 postoperative months without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS A diagnosis of IPN-B is usually made in patients with biliary dilatation by radiologic study. The prognosis of IPN-B, especially of the benign category, is excellent. Aggressive surgical resection is the treatment of choice for IPN-B.
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Zen Y, Adsay NV, Bardadin K, Colombari R, Ferrell L, Haga H, Hong SM, Hytiroglou P, Klöppel G, Lauwers GY, van Leeuwen DJ, Notohara K, Oshima K, Quaglia A, Sasaki M, Sessa F, Suriawinata A, Tsui W, Atomi Y, Nakanuma Y. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia: an international interobserver agreement study and proposal for diagnostic criteria. Mod Pathol 2007; 20:701-9. [PMID: 17431410 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts develops through a multistep histopathologic sequence. Premalignant or non-invasive neoplastic lesions of bile ducts have been historically called biliary dysplasia or atypical biliary epithelium. To this date, no standard terminology or classification system has been offered for these lesions. In 2005, a conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) were proposed using the livers of patients with hepatolithiasis. We report herein an international interobserver agreement study on the diagnosis of biliary non-invasive neoplastic lesions with the goal to obtain a consensus on the terminology and grading. Seventeen pathologists from the United States, Europe and Asia participated in this study. They shared a digital file containing histological pictures of 30 foci of non-invasive neoplastic lesions selected from the biliary system of patients suffering from primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledochal cyst or hepatolithiasis. In the criteria, we proposed in 2005, BilIN was classified into three categories based on the degree of atypia: BilIN-1, BilIN-2 and BilIN-3. In this study, consensus was reached for the terminology of BilIN and the three-grade classification system. Interobserver agreement on the diagnosis was moderate (kappa-value=0.45). On the basis of the suggestions and opinions obtained from the 17 participants, the original criteria for BilIN were revised. We now propose a new consensus classification of BilIN that may assist in allowing a more uniform terminology for the diagnosis of biliary non-invasive neoplastic lesions. This classification should help to advance clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Zen
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zen Y, Fujii T, Itatsu K, Nakamura K, Minato H, Kasashima S, Kurumaya H, Katayanagi K, Kawashima A, Masuda S, Niwa H, Mitsui T, Asada Y, Miura S, Ohta T, Nakanuma Y. Biliary papillary tumors share pathological features with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Hepatology 2006; 44:1333-43. [PMID: 17058219 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, attention has been drawn to papillary neoplasm of the pancreatobiliary systems. In the pancreas, the disease entity of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN-P) is widely recognized. In contrast, the pathological characteristics of biliary papillary tumors, such as biliary papilloma(tosis) and papillary cholangiocarcinoma, have not yet been well documented. In this study, we compared the pathological features and post-operative prognosis among biliary papillary tumors (10 cases of biliary papilloma(tosis) and 22 cases of papillary cholangiocarcinoma), conventional non-papillary cholangiocarcinoma (15 cases), and IPMN-P (31 cases). Macroscopically, all biliary papillary tumors were characterized by the prominent intraductal papillary proliferation, and macroscopic mucin-hypersecretion was seen in 9 of 32 cases (28%). Histologically, biliary papillary tumors consisted of three types of tumor cells (pancreaticobiliary, intestinal and gastric types), whereas only the pancreaticobiliary type was observed in non-papillary cholangiocarcinoma. Immunohistochemically, biliary papillary tumors were characterized by the common expression of MUC2, CDX2 and cytokeratin 20. In addition, biliary papillary tumors could be associated with two types of invasive lesions: tubular adenocarcinoma (9 cases) and mucinous carcinoma (5 cases). Patients with tubular adenocarcinoma had a poor prognosis compared to non-invasive papillary tumor or papillary tumor with mucinous carcinoma. These pathological characteristics and the survival status of biliary papillary tumors were different from those of non-papillary cholangiocarcinoma, and rather closely resembled those of IPMN-P. In conclusion, biliary papillary tumors may be the biliary counterpart (intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct) of IPMN-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Zen
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Charre L, Boillot O, Goffette P, Geubel A, Gigot JF, Sempoux C, Lerut J. Long-term survival after isolated liver transplantation for intrahepatic biliary papillomatosis. Transpl Int 2006; 19:249-52. [PMID: 16441776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2005.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nanashima A, Sumida Y, Tamaru N, Nakanuma Y, Abo T, Tanaka K, Sawai T, Yasutake T, Nagayasu T, Hayashi T, Fukuda Y. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct extending superficially from the intrahepatic to extrahepatic bile duct. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:495-9. [PMID: 16799893 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-006-1803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) or liver is a recently noted rare disease, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present a case of IPNB with an interesting morphology, which was treated by resection of the right hemiliver and extrahepatic bile duct. A 79-year-old woman was found to have a high alkaline phosphatase level and slight dilatation of the right intrahepatic bile duct on imaging studies. The right intrahepatic bile duct became dilated over a 2-year period; however, no solid mass could be detected, and tumor markers were not elevated. Hepatic resection was scheduled because a mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma of the liver was suspected. A right hemihepatectomy was conducted, and the extrahepatic bile duct was also resected after malignant cells were found in the surgical stump of the right bile duct and in the bile itself. Macroscopically, diffuse dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was noted, but no solid component or mucin within the duct was found. Histopathological findings revealed carcinoma in situ, IPNB, in the majority of intrahepatic bile ducts, with no lymph node metastasis, and it extended continuously to the epithelium of the common bile duct. No tumor recurrence or biliary dilatation was observed at follow-up 2 years after surgery. It is important to consider malignancy in the presence of a dilated bile duct and in the absence of any cause of occlusion. Complete resection of IPNB results in a good prognosis and no recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Zen Y, Aishima S, Ajioka Y, Haratake J, Kage M, Kondo F, Nimura Y, Sakamoto M, Sasaki M, Shimamatsu K, Wakasa K, Park YN, Chen MF, Atomi Y, Nakanuma Y. Proposal of histological criteria for intraepithelial atypical/proliferative biliary epithelial lesions of the bile duct in hepatolithiasis with respect to cholangiocarcinoma: preliminary report based on interobserver agreement. Pathol Int 2005; 55:180-8. [PMID: 15826244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2005.01816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biliary lining epithelia of the bile ducts in biliary diseases are known to have intraepithelial atypical/proliferative lesions related to the development of cholangiocarcinoma. The purpose of the present study was to determine the histological criteria for these lesions based on interobserver agreement. Digital images of 30 intraepithelial atypical/proliferative lesions in the stone-containing intrahepatic bile ducts of hepatolithiasis (30 cases) were sent to 10 pathologists. At first, 10 pathologists made a diagnosis (either of reactive/regenerative change, low-grade or high-grade biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN-1 and BilIN-2), or in situ carcinoma (BilIN-3)) based on their own criteria. The histological criteria for these four lesions were then determined, and the digital images of the same lesions with proposed criteria were re-distributed. Interobserver agreement on these four lesions was slightly improved (kappa = 0.44, first diagnosis; 0.49, second diagnosis) and intraobserver agreement was 'almost perfect' (kappa = 0.82 at both first and second diagnosis). Interobserver agreement between BilIN-1 and BilIN-2 and that between BilIN-2 and BilIN-3 were 'moderate', although the agreement between regenerative/reactive change and BilIN-1 was 'fair'. In this report, we propose histological criteria for reactive/regenerative change, BilIN-1, BilIN-2 and BilIN-3. Improvement of interobserver agreement suggests their applicability in diagnostic and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Zen
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Kim NR, Kim SH, Lee JM, Lee KH, Kim YJ, An SK, Jung AY, Han JK, Choi BI. Sonographic features of an intraductal polypoid mass: differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma and intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2004; 23:1283-1291. [PMID: 15448317 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2004.23.10.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify laboratory and sonographic features capable of differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invading the bile duct from intraductal cholangiocarcinoma (IDCCC). METHODS Nine patients with HCC invading the bile duct and 8 patients with IDCCC were found in our radiologic and pathologic database. Laboratory (alpha-fetoprotein, cancer antigen 19-9, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase) and sonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed by 2 reviewers by consensus. Sonographic findings included the presence and echo texture of parenchymal masses, the margin and echo texture of intraductal masses, continuity between parenchymal and intraductal masses, cystic ductal dilatation or wall thickening of the bile duct, and the presence of associated chronic liver disease. RESULTS Significant differences were found in the levels of total bilirubin (14 versus 3.5 mg/dL), alpha-fetoprotein (2984 versus 5 ng/mL), and cancer antigen 19-9 (8574 versus 1861 U/mL) in HCC and IDCCC (P <.05). Echogenicity of the intraductal masses was iso or low in 8 (88.9%) of 9 HCCs and 3 (37.5%) of 8 IDCCCs (P <.05). In all 7 patients with HCC but in no patient with IDCCC, the parenchymal masses were contiguous with the intraductal masses (P <.05). Cystic ductal dilatation of bile duct was seen in 8 (88.9%) of 9 HCCs and 3 (37.5%) of 8 IDCCCs (P <.05). All 9 (100%) of 9 HCCs and 3 (37.5%) of 8 IDCCCs were associated with chronic liver disease (P <.05). Parenchymal masses occurred in 7 patients with HCC (77.8%) and in 3 patients with IDCCC (37.5%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P =.153). The margins of the intraductal masses were smooth in all 9 (100%) of 9 HCCs and lobulated in 3 (37.5%) of 8 IDCCCs (P =.082). CONCLUSIONS Combined interpretation of laboratory and sonographic features may help in the differentiation of HCC with bile duct invasion and IDCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ra Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Lim JH, Yoon KH, Kim SH, Kim HY, Lim HK, Song SY, Nam KJ. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts. Radiographics 2004; 24:53-66; discussion 66-7. [PMID: 14730036 DOI: 10.1148/rg.241035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Papillary tumors of the bile ducts are intraductal tumors with numerous minute frondlike papillary projections. Some intraductal papillary tumors of the bile ducts produce a large amount of mucin that disturbs bile flow and causes severe biliary dilatation. In the presence of a tumor of this subgroup, the entire biliary tree is dilated; segmental or lobar bile ducts are dilated disproportionately, and aneurysmal dilatation may occur. Mucin is depicted at cholangiography as multiple elongated or cordlike filling defects, and the tumor is depicted on cross-sectional images as a castlike, polypoid, or fungating mass in the dilated biliary tree. Based on these characteristic imaging features-dilatation, mucin, and tumor-correct diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the bile ducts may be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul 135\N710, Korea.
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Lee SS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Jang SJ, Song MH, Kim KP, Kim HJ, Seo DW, Song DE, Yu E, Lee SG, Min YI. Clinicopathologic review of 58 patients with biliary papillomatosis. Cancer 2004; 100:783-93. [PMID: 14770435 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease that is characterized by multiple numerous papillary adenomas in the biliary tree. The clinical features and outcome, however, are not well known. The authors retrospectively analyzed their clinicopathologic features and long-term follow-up results. METHODS Between March 1995 and January 2003, 58 patients were diagnosed with BP by cholangioscopic and histologic findings at a tertiary referral center, Asan Medical Center (University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea). The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records to obtain demographic, radiologic, cholangioscopic, and pathologic data. RESULTS The common clinical manifestations at the presentation of patients were repeated episodes of abdominal pain, jaundice, and acute cholangitis. Acute cholangitis was more common in patients with mucin-hypersecreting BP (MBP), whereas patients with nonmucin-producing BP (NMBP) were more asymptomatic (P < 0.05). Papillary adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were detected in 48 patients (83%) with papillary adenomas. Overall survival rates of NMBP and MBP were 89% and 69% at 1 year, 57% and 37% at 3 years, and 52% and 19% at 5 years, respectively. The mean survival period of NMBP and MBP was 52.27 +/- 6.72 months and 30.84 +/- 8.36 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS BP should be regarded as a premalignant disease with high malignant potential. The pathogenesis of progression from benign to malignant disease may follow the adenomacarcinoma sequence. Although clinical presentations were somewhat different for patients with NMBP and MBP, the long-term survival rate was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Yuen JHF, Chan HHL, Lam CHL, Lam TPW, Chau MT. Sonographic appearance of mucinous biliary papillomatosis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2003; 22:1277-1282. [PMID: 14620899 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2003.22.11.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy H F Yuen
- Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Abraham SC, Lee JH, Hruban RH, Argani P, Furth EE, Wu TT. Molecular and immunohistochemical analysis of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the biliary tract. Hum Pathol 2003; 34:902-10. [PMID: 14562286 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(03)00337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary neoplasms (IPNs) of the biliary tract are uncommon lesions that may be solitary or may spread extensively along the biliary tree. Some biliary IPNs are histologically and radiologically similar to intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMNs) of the pancreas and present a risk for progression to invasive cholangiocarcinoma. Unlike pancreatic IPMNs, little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. We studied 14 biliary IPNs (including 5 cases with associated invasive cholangiocarcinoma) for genetic alterations in the APC/beta-catenin pathway, K-ras oncogene mutations, p53/chromosome 17p alterations, and Dpc4/18q alterations. Immunohistochemistry was performed for beta-catenin, p53, and Dpc4, and microdissected tissue was analyzed using direct DNA sequencing for exon 1 of K-ras and exon 3 of beta-catenin and allelic loss assays on chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q. Activating mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene were present in 4 of 14 (29%) biliary IPNs. Of these 4 cases, 2 patients had associated invasive cholangiocarcinoma, and identical K-ras mutations were present in both the intraductal and invasive components. Allelic loss on chromosome 18q was present in 4 of 13 informative cases (31%); however, no loss of normal Dpc4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin protein was demonstrated in 3 of 12 cases (25%); however, there were no beta-catenin gene mutations, and allelic loss on 5q was present in only 1 of 10 informative cases (10%). Both immunohistochemistry for p53 and 17p allelic loss assays were negative. Biliary IPNs therefore demonstrate a K-ras gene mutation frequency that is lower than that previously reported for pancreatic IPMNs, but similar to that reported for hepatic cholangiocarcinomas. The presence of K-ras mutations in 2 purely intraductal neoplasms, and identical K-ras mutations in 2 cases with both intraductal and invasive components, suggests that these mutations arise early in tumorigenesis. Finally, the frequency of allelic loss on 18q suggests that a locus on 18q is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of biliary IPNs, but this locus is not DPC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Lim JH. Cholangiocarcinoma: morphologic classification according to growth pattern and imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181:819-27. [PMID: 12933488 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.181.3.1810819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-710, South Korea.
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Ciardullo MA, Pekolj J, Acuña Barrios JE, Gadano A, Mullen E, Castaing D, de Santiñañes E. [Multifocal biliary papillomatosis: an indication for liver transplantation]. ANNALES DE CHIRURGIE 2003; 128:188-90. [PMID: 12821089 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3944(03)00038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biliary papillomatosis is a uncommon disease. Because of the high rate of recurrence and the possibility of malignant transformation, liver resection or transplantation was recommended. A case of diffuse bilobar biliary papillomatosis, in a 60 years old patient, responsible for cholangitis, cholestasis and for high portal pressure (esophageal varices grade I and II and hypersplenisme) is reported. The patient had had an external biliary drainage leading to an great loss of hydroelectrolytic component important. Opacification and biopsies under endoscopic control assert the right diagnosis. He was treated by a orthotopic liver transplantation. Post operative course was simple. In the 9th month, it was asymptomatic with a completely satisfactory evolution. The other therapeutic modalities was discussed, as well as the review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ciardullo
- Servicio de cirurgia, hospital italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentine
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Lim JH, Kim MH, Kim TK, Lee MG, Lee SS, Lee JW, Lee KT, Lee JK, Lim HK. Papillary neoplasms of the bile duct that mimic biliary stone disease. Radiographics 2003; 23:447-55. [PMID: 12640158 DOI: 10.1148/rg.232025030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Papillary tumors of the bile duct are intraductal tumors with innumerable minute, frondlike papillary projections. These tumors may be either fixed to or detached from the bile duct wall. However, because the papillary projections on the surface of papillary tumors are long and slender, the tumors are friable and slough easily. The sloughed tumor fragments may float within the bile ducts, resulting in intermittent partial biliary obstruction and mimicking bile duct stones at clinical examination and at ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and cholangiography. A tumor manifests radiologically as thickening and irregularity of the bile duct wall or as a fixed or sloughed intraductal mass. A nonshadowing intraductal echogenic cast seen at US, an intraductal noncalcified soft-tissue mass with asymmetric wall thickening seen at CT, and an intraductal mass with a papillary surface and a serrated bile duct margin seen at cholangiography are all appearances that suggest a papillary tumor and may be helpful in differentiating a tumor from a bile duct stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Departmen of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, Korea 135-710.
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Lee SS, Kim MH, Lee SK, Kim TK, Seo DW, Park JS, Hwang CY, Chang HS, Min YI. MR cholangiography versus cholangioscopy for evaluation of longitudinal extension of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 56:25-32. [PMID: 12085031 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2002.125363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of magnetic resonance cholangiography for assessment of longitudinal tumor extension of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was investigated with reference to findings by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. METHODS Ninety-nine patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent both magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. Longitudinal tumor extension was described with the Bismuth-Corlette classification. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma was classified morphologically into stenotic, diffuse sclerosing, and polypoid types based on selective cholangiographic findings obtained during percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. Agreement between percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy and magnetic resonance cholangiography according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification was compared. The degree of agreement between magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy according to each morphologic type was also compared in each subgroup without reference to Bismuth-Corlette type. RESULTS The overall agreement between magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy with regard to Bismuth-Corlette types was 87.9% (kappa = 0.832, p < 0.01). The agreement of magnetic resonance cholangiography for each Bismuth-Corlette type with reference to percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy was as follows: type I (n = 18), 16/18 (88.9%); type II (n = 16), 14/16 (87.5%); type IIIa (n = 23), 19/23 (82.6%); type IIIb (n = 14), 14/14 (100%); and type IV (n = 28), 24/28 (85.7%). The overall agreement between magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy for Bismuth-Corlette type according to selective cholangiographic findings was as follows: stenotic type, 58/61 (95.1%, kappa = 0.929, p < 0.01); diffuse sclerosing type, 12/16 (75%, kappa = 0.619, p < 0.01); and polypoid type, 17/22 (77.3%, kappa = 0.696, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION There is good overall agreement between magnetic resonance cholangiography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy on longitudinal extension of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Especially for the stenotic type of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (based on selective cholangiographic findings), magnetic resonance cholangiography may replace percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy in the determination of longitudinal tumor extension. For polypoid or diffuse sclerosing types, however, percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy is required for accurate evaluation of longitudinal tumor extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA
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Lim JH, Yi CA, Lim HK, Lee WJ, Lee SJ, Kim SH. Radiological spectrum of intraductal papillary tumors of the bile ducts. Korean J Radiol 2002; 3:57-63. [PMID: 11919480 PMCID: PMC2713988 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2002.3.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary tumor of the bile duct is characterized by the presence of an intraductal tumor with a papillary surface comprising innumerable frondlike infoldings of proliferated columnar epithelial cells surrounding slender fibrovascular stalks. There may be multiple tumors along the bile ducts (papillomatosis or papillary carcinomatosis), which are dilated due to obstruction by a tumor per se, by sloughed tumor debris, or by excessive mucin. Radiologically, the biliary tree is diffusely dilated, either in a lobar or segmental fashion, or aneurysmally, depending on the location of the tumor, the debris, and the amount of mucin production. A tumor can be depicted by imaging as an intraductal mass with a thickened and irregular bile duct wall. Sloughed tumor debris and mucin plugs should be differentiated from bile duct stones. Cystically or aneurysmally, dilated bile ducts in mucin-hypersecreting variants (intraductal papillary mucinous tumors) should be differentiated from cystadenoma, cystadenocarcinoma and liver abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
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Dumortier J, Scoazec JY, Valette PJ, Ponchon T, Boillot O. Successful liver transplantation for diffuse biliary papillomatosis. J Hepatol 2001; 35:542-3. [PMID: 11682045 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangioscopy has been used in the treatment of bile duct stones and the diagnosis of various bile duct tumors. However, the cholangioscopic characteristics of the various types of bile duct tumors have not been clearly described. We analyzed the results of cholangioscopic examinations and classified the findings according to tumor histology. METHODS Cholangioscopic findings from 111 patients with benign or malignant bile duct tumors were reviewed. The mucosal changes, the presence of neovascularization, and the patterns of luminal narrowing were analyzed and compared with the histologic diagnosis. RESULTS Bile duct adenocarcinoma can be classified into 3 different types according to the cholangioscopic findings: nodular, papillary, and infiltrative. Bile duct adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of bile duct cancer such as mucin-hypersecreting cholangiocarcinoma, biliary cystadenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma also presented unique cholangioscopic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Bile duct tumors exhibit characteristic cholangioscopic findings and cholangioscopy seems to be useful for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon KH, Ha HK, Kim CG, Roh BS, Yun KJ, Chae KM, Lim JH, Auh YH. Malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts: CT and histopathologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000; 175:1135-9. [PMID: 11000178 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.175.4.1751135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We describe the CT and pathologic features of malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts in 15 patients. CONCLUSION. CT is a useful technique for revealing intraductal lesions, although the findings are nonspecific and variable. When intraductal masses or nodules are seen with localized dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts on CT scans, malignant papillary neoplasms of the intrahepatic bile ducts should be included in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Singyong-dong, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-180, Korea
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Joo YH, Kim MH, Lee SK, Seo DW, Yoo KS, Min YI, Chang JJ, Yu E. A case of mucin-hypersecreting intrahepatic bile duct tumor associated with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor. Gastrointest Endosc 2000; 52:409-12. [PMID: 10968862 DOI: 10.1067/mge.2000.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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