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Fung BM, Sweetser S, Wong Kee Song LM, Tabibian JH. Foreign object ingestion and esophageal food impaction: An update and review on endoscopic management. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 11:174-192. [PMID: 30918584 PMCID: PMC6425280 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v11.i3.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foreign body ingestion encompasses both foreign object ingestion (FOI) and esophageal food impaction (EFI) and represents a common and clinically significant scenario among patients of all ages. The immediate risk to the patient ranges from negligible to life-threatening, depending on the ingested substance, its location, patient fitness, and time to appropriate therapy. This article reviews the FOI and EFI literature and highlights important considerations and implications for pediatric and adult patients as well as their providers. Where published literature is insufficient to provide evidence-based guidance, expert opinion is included to supplement the content of this comprehensive review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Fung
- UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
| | - Seth Sweetser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Louis M Wong Kee Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - James H Tabibian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA 91342, United States
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Sanchez-Yague A, Kaltenbach T, Yamamoto H, Anglemyer A, Inoue H, Soetikno R. The endoscopic cap that can (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2012; 76:169-78.e1-2. [PMID: 22726477 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.04.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Sanchez-Yague
- Endoscopy Unit, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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3
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Leopard D, Fishpool S, Winter S. The management of oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction: a systematic review. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011; 93:441-4. [PMID: 21929913 PMCID: PMC3369328 DOI: 10.1308/003588411x588090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oesophageal soft food bolus obstruction (OSFBO) is a surgical emergency. However, no national guidelines exist regarding its management. This paper systematically reviews the literature with respect to the management of OSFBO. METHODS Relevant studies included were identified from the the Cochrane Library, the National Center for Biotechnology Information and the US National Library of Medicine resources. A systematic review was performed on 8 November 2010. RESULTS This systematic review of the management of OSFBO shows no evidence that any medical intervention is more effective than a 'watch and wait' policy in enabling spontaneous disimpaction. Furthermore, the use of hyoscine butylbromide for OSFBO probably stems from a misquoted textbook. Surgical removal of an OSFBO is effective but not without potential risk. There is some evidence to support surgical intervention within 24 hours to prevent complications deriving from the initial obstruction. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for large double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled trials of drugs used in the medical management of OSFBO. Until the results from such trials are available, the treatment of OSFBO will remain based on inconsistent clinical judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leopard
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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4
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Ikenberry SO, Jue TL, Anderson MA, Appalaneni V, Banerjee S, Ben-Menachem T, Decker GA, Fanelli RD, Fisher LR, Fukami N, Harrison ME, Jain R, Khan KM, Krinsky ML, Maple JT, Sharaf R, Strohmeyer L, Dominitz JA. Management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73:1085-91. [PMID: 21628009 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Diehl DL, Adler DG, Conway JD, Farraye FA, Kantsevoy SV, Kaul V, Kethu SR, Kwon RS, Mamula P, Rodriguez SA, Tierney WM. Endoscopic retrieval devices. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 69:997-1003. [PMID: 19410038 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chen YH, Liao WC, Hou MC, Lin HC, Lee SD. Esophageal food impaction: a homemade suction tube attached to esophagogastroduodenoscopy for food bolus removal. J Chin Med Assoc 2008; 71:635-8. [PMID: 19114328 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common esophageal foreign body in adults is impacted food bolus. Polypectomy snares, Dormia baskets, retrieval nets, rat-tooth forceps, alligator forceps or polyp graspers are usually used to remove it. Here, we report the case of a 78-year-old woman whose esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a firm goose liver impacted tightly in the lower esophagus; all of the above-mentioned retrieval instruments could not remove it. We used a homemade device by attaching a modified nasogastric tube to an EGD and successfully removed the goose liver by suction under endoscopic visualization. The method is very effective to remove firm and tightly impacted materials in a narrow lumen. When the usual retrieval instruments fail, a homemade suction tube attached to an EGD is an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Smith CR, Miranda A, Rudolph CD, Sood MR. Removal of impacted food in children with eosinophilic esophagitis using Saeed banding device. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007; 44:521-3. [PMID: 17414157 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e318030d7e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Food impaction in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis is being recognized increasingly. Retrieval of impacted food may be necessary if it does not resolve spontaneously. The present report describes a new technique for removal of friable impacted food from the esophagus using a modified version of the Saeed banding device. With this technique, impacted food was safely removed in a single attempt in each of 3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cass R Smith
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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9
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Tsikoudas A, Kochillas X, Kelleher RJ, Mills R. The management of acute oesophageal obstruction from a food bolus. Can we be more conservative? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 262:528-30. [PMID: 15592861 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-004-0853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the number of patients with acute oesophageal bolus obstruction that resolves spontaneously and to aid the identification of the best practice. This prospective and retrospective case series study at a teaching hospital and a district general hospital in Scotland, UK, involved 37 patients with acute oesophageal obstruction from a food bolus who were observed for 24 h from the beginning of symptoms. The bolus passed spontaneously in 54% of the patients during the observational period. A short observational period following the admission of patients with acute food bolus obstruction is reasonable as it may reduce exposure to surgical morbidity and decrease inpatient stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tsikoudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Western General Hospital and Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Eisen GM, Baron TH, Dominitz JA, Faigel DO, Goldstein JL, Johanson JF, Mallery JS, Raddawi HM, Vargo JJ, Waring JP, Fanelli RD, Wheeler-Harbough J. Guideline for the management of ingested foreign bodies. Gastrointest Endosc 2002; 55:802-6. [PMID: 12024131 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(02)70407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This is one of a series of statements discussing the utilization of gastrointestinal endoscopy in common clinical situations. The Standards of Practice Committee of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy prepared this text. In preparing this guideline, a MEDLINE literature search was performed, and additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of the identified articles and from recommendations of expert consultants. When little or no data exist from well-designed prospective trials, emphasis is given to results from large series and reports from recognized experts. Guidelines for appropriate utilization of endoscopy are based on a critical review of the available data and expert consensus. Further controlled clinical studies are needed to clarify aspects of this statement, and revision may be necessary as new data appear. Clinical consideration may justify a course of action at variance to these recommendations.
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Nelson DB, Bosco JJ, Curtis WD, Faigel DO, Kelsey PB, Leung JW, Mills MR, Smith P, Tarnasky PR, VanDam J, Wassef WY. ASGE technology status evaluation report. Endoscopic retrieval devices. February 1999. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50:932-4. [PMID: 10644195 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lacy PD, Donnelly MJ, McGrath JP, Byrne PJ, Hennessy TP, Timon CV. Acute food bolus impaction: aetiology and management. J Laryngol Otol 1997; 111:1158-61. [PMID: 9509106 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100139593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A prospective study into the aetiology of acute food bolus obstruction (AFBO) was carried out on 17 consecutive patients who presented with this complaint. There were nine males and eight females. Twelve patients (71 per cent) had symptoms of oesophageal disease and 10 patients (59 per cent) had prior food bolus obstruction. Investigations included endoscopy, barium swallow, oesophageal pH and manometry studies. Evidence of oesophageal pathology was found in 12/14 (86 per cent) of patients investigated. No patients had malignancy and the most common abnormality, gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) was found in eight out of 14 (57 per cent) of cases. Oesophageal dysmotility was seen in five out of 12 (42 per cent) patients who had manometric studies. With such a high incidence of recurrence of AFBO, we suggest that patients with this condition be investigated to exclude malignancy and to identify benign oesophageal pathology using techniques such as oesophageal pH and manometry. Appropriate treatment of oesophageal disease may help prevent recurrence of this distressing condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Lacy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin
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Abstract
This guideline is intended to aid the endoscopist in the management of adult patients with possible foreign object ingestion and/or food bolus impaction. A literature search was performed on the Medline using Medlars II, the National Library of Medicine's National Interactive Retrieval Service. This search generated 181 citations. References chosen for review were English-language citations from the gastroenterology, otolarygology, general surgical, and radiological literature. As little or no data exist from well-designed prospective trials, emphasis was given to results from large series, and reports from recognized experts. In preparing this guideline several drafts were distributed to the members of the ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, to the practice committees of the AGA, ACG, and SAGES, and to national experts on this subject for critical review. A final draft was then reviewed by the ASGE Governing Board. The final guideline reflects the input from this review process.
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Mamel JJ, Weiss D, Pouagare M, Nord HJ. Endoscopic suction removal of food boluses from the upper gastrointestinal tract using Stiegmann-Goff friction-fit adaptor: an improved method for removal of food impactions. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41:593-6. [PMID: 7672555 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Mamel
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa 33612, USA
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Ramirez FC. Endoscopic removal of esophageal meat impaction. Gastrointest Endosc 1995; 41:617. [PMID: 7672564 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Management of 242 foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract are reported. Thirty-nine were in the pharynx, 181 in the esophagus, 19 in the stomach, and 3 in the small bowel. The flexible panendoscope was used 211 times (87.2%) to manage these foreign bodies, while the rigid esophagoscope was used 12 times (5.0%). Two hundred thirty-nine foreign bodies (98.8%) were successfully managed endoscopically. The surgery rate was 0.4%. There was no morbidity or mortality. Twenty-five percent of the cases were done under general endotracheal anesthesia. Coins in the esophagus are removed promptly if in the cervical or mid esophagus, and within 12 hours if in the distal esophagus. Once in the stomach, they will usually pass without difficulty. Meat impaction resulting in an obstructed esophagus is an urgent problem and the bolus should be removed within hours. Sharp and pointed foreign bodies can be very difficult to manage. Dry runs with a reproduction of the foreign body are essential to successful removal. Button batteries lodged in the esophagus represent an emergency and should be removed without delay. Once in the stomach, they will usually pass through the gastrointestinal tract without difficulty. The forward-viewing flexible panendoscope has become the instrument of choice in managing foreign bodies in most tertiary medical centers as well as in the community hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Webb
- University of South Alabama School of Medicine, Mobile, USA
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Abstract
This review article is intended to aid the clinician in the evaluation and management of older children and adult patients with possible foreign object ingestion and/or food bolus impaction. A literature search was performed in June 1993 on the Medline using Medlars II, the National Library of Medicine's National Interactive Retrieval Service. This search generated 181 citations. References chosen for review were English-language citations from the gastroenterology, otolaryngology, general surgical, and radiological literature. As little or no data exist from well-designed prospective trials, emphasis was given to results from large series. In preparing this manuscript several drafts were distributed to the members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Standards of Practice Committee, and to national experts on the subject for critical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Ginsberg
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Gastroenterology Division, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Shaffer HA, de Lange EE. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies and strictures: radiologic interventions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 1994; 23:205-49. [PMID: 7867376 DOI: 10.1016/0363-0188(94)90015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Food impaction and foreign body ingestion are significant and sometimes life-threatening medical problems. As described in part 1 of this monograph, a variety of techniques and instruments are available to diagnose and treat these conditions. The radiologist interested in interventional procedures can find ample opportunities to participate in the management of esophageal obstructions by applying radiographic and fluoroscopic techniques to the diagnosis and removal of foreign bodies and food impactions. The recommended radiologic procedures are relatively safe, cost-effective, and efficient methods of addressing these serious situations. Stricture formation in the gastrointestinal tract is another significant medical problem that can often be managed nonoperatively by the radiologist. Fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatation has become an accepted method of effectively treating a large variety of strictures. As described in part 2 of this article, the technique is easy to perform, usually with very little inconvenience to the patient, and the risks of complications are very low. The procedure is relatively inexpensive and does not require the acquisition of any specialized or high-technology equipment. Also, the technique can be performed easily by any radiologist with interest in interventional procedures on the gut. A wide use of the fluoroscopic methods for treatment of impacted foreign bodies and strictures of the gastrointestinal tract is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Shaffer
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Brown
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235
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