Danger of dehydration in pyelography

Radiographic contrast-media-induced acute kidney injury: pathophysiology and prophylactic strategies

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most widely discussed and debated topics in cardiovascular medicine. With increasing number of contrast-media- (CM-) enhanced imaging studies being performed and growing octogenarian population with significant comorbidities, incidence of CI-AKI remains high. In this review, pathophysiology of CI-AKI, its relationship with different types of CM, role of serum and urinary biomarkers for diagnosing CI-AKI, and various prophylactic strategies used for nephroprotection against CI-AKI are discussed in detail.

Toxic nephropathy from diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Review and commentary

Drugs commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes may cause toxic nephropathy. There are several factors that account for renal susceptibility. Precise mechanisms of toxicity are generally not known, and therapy depends upon recognizing and removing the offending agent. Drugs that affect identifiable segments of the nephron or that produce similar syndromes are grouped together. Measures that might prevent toxicity are presented.