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Shen K, Zhang M, Zhao R, Li Y, Li C, Hou X, Sun B, Liu B, Xiang M, Lin J. Eosinophil extracellular traps in asthma: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Respir Res 2023; 24:231. [PMID: 37752512 PMCID: PMC10523707 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with significant healthcare costs. Eosinophils, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in the development and progression of asthma. Eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) are reticular structures composed of DNA, histones, and granulins that eosinophils form and release into the extracellular space as part of the innate immune response. EETs have a protective effect by limiting the migration of pathogens and antimicrobial activity to a controlled range. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the overproduction of EETs, which can trigger and exacerbate allergic asthma. In this review, we examine the role of EETs in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlu Shen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiheng Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Friendship Hospital, No.2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, 100029, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Edaye S, Reiling SJ, Leimanis ML, Wunderlich J, Rohrbach P, Georges E. A 2-amino quinoline, 5-(3-(2-(7-chloroquinolin-2-yl)ethenyl)phenyl)-8-dimethylcarbamyl-4,6-dithiaoctanoic acid, interacts with PfMDR1 and inhibits its drug transport in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 195:34-42. [PMID: 24914817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major disease in the tropics where chemotherapy remains the main mode of treatment and as such the rise and spread of drug-resistant malaria can lead to human tragedy. Two membrane transport proteins, PfMDR1 (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance protein 1) and PfCRT (P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter), have been shown to cause resistance to several antimalarials. Both PfMDR1 and PfCRT are localized to the digestive vacuolar membrane and appear to regulate the transport of drugs and physiological metabolites. In this study we have used MK571, a 2-amino quinoline, to explore its interaction with PfMDR1 and PfCRT in chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of P. falciparum. Our results show that chloroquine-resistant strains (e.g., K1, Dd2, and 7G8) are consistently more sensitive to MK571 than chloroquine-sensitive strains (e.g., 3D7, 106/1 and D10). This association, however, was not maintained with the chloroquine-resistant strain FCB which IC50 value was similar to chloroquine-sensitive strains. Moreover, the susceptibility of chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains to MK571 does not correlate with mutated PfCRT, nor is it reversible with verapamil; but correlates with mutations in PfMDR1. Furthermore, MK571 appears to target the parasite's digestive vacuole (DV), as demonstrated by the ability of MK571 to: (1) block the accumulation of the fluorescent dye Fluo-4 AM, a PfMDR1 substrate, into the digestive vacuole; (2) reduce the transvacuolar pH gradient; and (3) inhibit the formation of β-hematin in vitro. Moreover, the presence of non-toxic concentrations of MK571 sensitized both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant parasites to mefloquine and halofantrine, likely by competing against PfMDR1-mediated sequestering of the drugs into the DV compartment and away from the drugs' cytosolic targets. Our data, nevertheless, found only a minimal decrease in MK571 IC50 value in FCB parasite which second pfmdr1 copy was inactivated via gene disruption. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that MK571 interacts with native and mutant PfMDR1 and modulates the import of drugs or solutes into the parasite's DV and, as such, MK571 may be a useful tool in the characterization of PfMDR1 drug interactions and substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Edaye
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah J Reiling
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mara L Leimanis
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Juliane Wunderlich
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Petra Rohrbach
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elias Georges
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Nagakura T, Obata T, Shichijo K, Matsuda S, Sigimoto H, Yamashita K, Masaki T, Maekawa K. GC/MS analysis of urinary excretion of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 in acute and exercise-induced asthma in children. Clin Exp Allergy 1998; 28:181-6. [PMID: 9515591 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 9Alpha,11beta-prostaglandin (PG) F2 is an initial metabolite of PGD2 which has a potent bronchoconstrictive activity. OBJECTIVES We measured the urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 in asthmatic children to investigate its role in not only acute asthmatic attack in a time course study but also in exercise-induced asthma (EIA). METHODS In the acute asthma study, 30 asthmatic children were examined. Urine samples were collected on the first, third, and sixth days. Urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry using the electron impact method. In the exercise challenge study, 14 children with EIA and 14 children without EIA were studied. Urine samples were collected before exercise challenge, and at 1 h, and 5 h after exercise challenge. Urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 were measured. RESULTS Elevated urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2, which were observed on the first day when treatment was started in the hospital, were gradually decreased on the third day (P < 0.05), and on the sixth day (P < 0.01). A significant correlation between urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 and symptom scores (P < 0.005) was observed on the first day. In EIA, there was a significant increase in urinary levels of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 at 1 h (P < 0.01) and at 5 h (P < 0.01) after exercise challenge, but not in the children without EIA. CONCLUSION 9Alpha,11beta-PGF2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute and exercise-induced asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagakura
- Department of Paediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Harris RR, Carter GW, Bell RL, Moore JL, Brooks DW. Clinical activity of leukotriene inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1995; 17:147-56. [PMID: 7657406 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(94)00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Data from the emerging clinical trials with compounds such as zileuton, ICI 204,219, Bay X1005, MK571, MK679, and MK591 are demonstrating the importance of the leukotrienes as mediators of asthma and possibly other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. One of the major questions facing the asthma community is how much improvement in the FEV1 is needed to improve the quality of life of the asthmatic patient. Comparing the various approaches to asthma treatment, there is typically 15-20% improvement in the lung function with inhaled steroids. Leukotriene interventions apparently will improve lung function to similar levels as with inhaled steroids, and thus may offer an alternative to steroids. Like the steroids, zileuton appears to also reduce the inflammatory cell influx into the antigen-challenged site, which may have the long-term effect of reversing some of the tissue alterations that occur as a result of the inflammation seen with asthma. Importantly, the reported experience to date has shown that the leukotriene modulators do not have the same side-effects as the current therapies, and thus offer the hope that both safe and effective treatment may be derived from this approach. The clinical data reported do not yet define a preferred approach to the modulation of leukotriene pathology. As more studies are published in other diseases the broad spectrum use of these inhibitors will become known.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Harris
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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