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Morin C, Simard É, See W, Sage M, Imane R, Nadeau C, Samson N, Lavoie PM, Chabot B, Marouan S, Tremblay S, Praud JP, Micheau P, Fortin-Pellerin É. Total liquid ventilation in an ovine model of extreme prematurity: a randomized study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:974-980. [PMID: 37833531 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at comparing cardiorespiratory stability during total liquid ventilation (TLV)-prior to lung aeration-with conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) in extremely preterm lambs during the first 6 h of life. METHODS 23 lambs (11 females) were born by c-section at 118-120 days of gestational age (term = 147 days) to receive 6 h of TLV or CMV from birth. Lung samples were collected for RNA and histology analyses. RESULTS The lambs under TLV had higher and more stable arterial oxygen saturation (p = 0.001) and cerebral tissue oxygenation (p = 0.02) than the lambs in the CMV group in the first 10 min of transition to extrauterine life. Although histological assessment of the lungs was similar between the groups, a significant upregulation of IL-1a, IL-6 and IL-8 RNA in the lungs was observed after TLV. CONCLUSIONS Total liquid ventilation allowed for remarkably stable transition to extrauterine life in an extremely preterm lamb model. Refinement of our TLV prototype and ventilation algorithms is underway to address specific challenges in this population, such as minimizing tracheal deformation during the active expiration. IMPACT Total liquid ventilation allows for remarkably stable transition to extrauterine life in an extremely preterm lamb model. Total liquid ventilation is systematically achievable over the first 6 h of life in the extremely premature lamb model. This study provides additional incentive to pursue further investigation of total liquid ventilation as a transition tool for the most extreme preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Simard
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy See
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Sage
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Roqaya Imane
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Nadeau
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Samson
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benoît Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Tremblay
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Praud
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Micheau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Fortin-Pellerin
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Smith LK, van Blankenstein E, Fox G, Seaton SE, Martínez-Jiménez M, Petrou S, Battersby C. Effect of national guidance on survival for babies born at 22 weeks' gestation in England and Wales: population based cohort study. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000579. [PMID: 38027415 PMCID: PMC10649719 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2023-000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To explore the effect of changes in national clinical recommendations in 2019 that extended provision of survival focused care to babies born at 22 weeks' gestation in England and Wales. Design Population based cohort study. Setting England and Wales, comprising routine data for births and hospital records. Participants Babies alive at the onset of care in labour at 22 weeks+0 days to 22 weeks+6 days and at 23 weeks+0 days to 24 weeks+6 days for comparison purposes between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. Main outcome measures Percentage of babies given survival focused care (active respiratory support after birth), admitted to neonatal care, and surviving to discharge in 2018-19 and 2020-21. Results For the 1001 babies alive at the onset of labour at 22 weeks' gestation, a threefold increase was noted in: survival focused care provision from 11.3% to 38.4% (risk ratio 3.41 (95% confidence interval 2.61 to 4.45)); admissions to neonatal units from 7.4% to 28.1% (3.77 (2.70 to 5.27)), and survival to discharge from neonatal care from 2.5% to 8.2% (3.29 (1.78 to 6.09)). More babies of lower birth weight and early gestational age received survival focused care in 2020-21 than 2018-19 (46% to 64% at <500g weight; 19% to 31% at 22 weeks+0 days to 22 weeks+3 days). Conclusions A change in national guidance to recommend a risk based approach was associated with a threefold increase in 22 weeks' gestation babies receiving survival focused care. The number of babies being admitted to neonatal units and those surviving to discharge increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Smith
- Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emily van Blankenstein
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grenville Fox
- Neonatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Seaton
- Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mario Martínez-Jiménez
- Department of Economics and Public Policy, Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Imperial College Business School, London, UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care and Health Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheryl Battersby
- Neonatal Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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McDonnell SM, Basir MA, Yan K, Liegl MN, Windschitl PD. Effect of Presenting Survival Information as Text or Pictograph During Periviable Birth Counseling: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2023; 257:113382. [PMID: 36894129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether presenting a 30% or a 60% chance of survival in different survival information formats would influence hypothetical periviable birth treatment choice and whether treatment choice would be associated with participants' recall or their intuitive beliefs about the chances of survival. STUDY DESIGN An internet sample of women (n = 1052) were randomized to view a vignette with either a 30% or 60% chance of survival with intensive care during the periviable period. Participants were randomized to survival information presented as text-only, in a static pictograph, or in an iterative pictograph. Participants chose intensive care or palliative care and reported their recall of the chance of survival and their intuitive beliefs about their infant's chance of survival. RESULTS There was no difference in treatment choice by presentation with a 30% vs 60% chance of survival (P = .48), by survival information format (P = .80), or their interaction (P = .18). However, participants' intuitive beliefs about chance of survival significantly predicted treatment choice (P < .001) and had the most explanatory power of any participant characteristic. Intuitive beliefs were optimistic and did not differ by presentation of a 30% or 60% chance of survival (P = .65), even among those with accurate recall of the chance of survival (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Physicians should recognize that parents may use more than outcome data to make treatment choices and in forming their own, often-optimistic, intuitive beliefs about their infant's chance of survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04859114.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir A Basir
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Melodee Nugent Liegl
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Paul D Windschitl
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Dumpa V, Avulakunta I, Bhandari V. Respiratory management in the premature neonate. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:155-170. [PMID: 36803028 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2183843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in neonatal care have made possible the increased survival of extremely preterm infants. Even though there is widespread recognition of the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation on the developing lung, its use has become imperative in the management of micro-/nano-preemies. There is an increased emphasis on the use of less-invasive approaches such as minimally invasive surfactant therapy and non-invasive ventilation that have been proven to result in improved outcomes. AREAS COVERED Here, we review the evidence-based practices surrounding the respiratory management of extremely preterm infants including delivery room interventions, invasive and non-invasive ventilation approaches, and specific ventilator strategies in respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Adjuvant relevant respiratory pharmacotherapies used in preterm neonates are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Early use of non-invasive ventilation and use of less invasive surfactant administration are key strategies in the management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Ventilator management in bronchopulmonary dysplasia must be tailored according to the individual phenotype. There is strong evidence to start caffeine early to improve respiratory outcomes, but evidence is lacking on the use of other pharmacological agents in preterm neonates, and an individualized approach has to be considered for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramaditya Dumpa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Indirapriya Avulakunta
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, the Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper, Camden, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Debates about treatment for the tiniest premature babies focus on three different approaches - universal non-resuscitation, selective resuscitation, and universal resuscitation. Doctors, hospitals, and professional societies differ on which approach is preferable. The debate is evolving as studies show that survival rates for babies born at 22 and 23 weeks of gestation are steadily improving at centers that offer active treatment to these babies. Still, many centers do not offer such treatment or, if they do, actively discourage it. The doctors and centers that discourage treatment have concerns about the chances for survival, neurodevelopmental impairment among survivors, and cost. Centers that offer and encourage treatment cite evidence that many babies born at 22 weeks can survive, that most survivors have good neurodevelopmental outcomes, and that NICU care for tiny babies is cost-effective compared to many common and uncontroversial treatments. The debate touches on many fundamental ethical issues that have been present in neonatology since its inception as a medical specialty.
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